Quintus Dellius

Quintus Dellius was a Roman commander and politician in the second half of the first century BC.

He was an political opportunist and was called "desultor bellorum civilium" (“horse changer of the civil wars”) by Marcus Valerius Messalla Corvinus, because he deserted in 43 BC from Publius Cornelius Dolabella to Gaius Cassius Longinus, then in 42 BC from Cassius to Mark Antony and finally in 31 BC from Antony to Octavian. [Seneca the Elder, "suasoriae" 1.7]

Dellius was more than ten years an intimate friend of Antony, who used him mainly for diplomatic missions. In 41 BC he traveled by Antony’s order to Alexandria to summon the Egyptian Queen Cleopatra VII to Tarsus in Cilicia. There she should answer for the money, that she allegedly had sent to Gaius Cassius for his war against Antony and Octavian. [Plutarch, "Antony" 25.2-3.] In 40 BC (or 39 BC) Antony sent Dellius to Judaea to help Herod the Great with the expulsion of the usurper Antigonus. [Josephus, "Antiquities of the Jews" 14.394; "The Wars of the Jews" 1.290.] In 36 BC (or 35 BC) Dellius negotiated with Herod, that the Jewish King should appoint the young brother of his wife Mariamne, Aristobulus, high priest. [Josephus, "Antiquities of the Jews" 15.25] Dellius also participated in Antony’s campaign against Parthia (36 BC. Two years later he was ordered to persuade the Armenian king Artavasdes II to wed his four year old daughter to the six year old Alexander Helios, the son of Antony and Cleopatra VII. [Cassius Dio, "Roman history" 49, 39, 2-3.] It is doubtful if this diplomatic mission was serious because Antony soon cunningly caught the Armenian king and his family.

Dellius liked to make mocking remarks [Some of his bon mots are mentioned by Seneca, "suasoriae" 1.7; Plutarch, "Antony" 59.] and he was allegedly the matchmaker for Antony to satisfy his erotic passions. [Plutarch, "Antony" 25; Josephus, "Antiquities of the Jews" 15.25] Therefore Cleopatra could not stand him. [Plutarch, "Antony" 59.]

When Antony fought his last war against Octavian (31 BC) Dellius accompanied his superior to Greece. He recruited reinforcement troops in Macedonia and Thrace when the situation for Antony deteriorated more and more. [Cassius Dio, "Roman History" 50.13.8] Just before the Battle of Actium Dellius changed sides to Octavian and betrayed him Antony’s plans for the last fight. [Cassius Dio, "Roman histoy" 50.23.1-3; Marcus Velleius Paterculus 2.84.2] He justified his changeover with his fear, that Cleopatra VII wanted to murder him. [Plutarch, "Antony" 59.] Dellius was held in high regard by the first Roman emperor. [Seneca the Younger, "de clementia" 1.10.1] According to the commentator Porphyrio the poet Horace addressed an ode (2.3) to Dellius.

Dellius also wrote a historical work that was dealing with Antony’s war against Parthia, in which he had participated. [Strabo, "Geographica" 11, p. 523; Plutarch, "Antony" 59.] Therefore it is often assumed that he was the source of Plutarch and Strabo in their account of this campaign.

Notes

References

* Georg Wissowa: Dellius, Q. In: "Realencyclopädie der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft", vol. 4, 2 (1903), col. 2447-2448.