I Walked with a Zombie

Infobox_Film
name = I Walked with a Zombie


image_size = 215px
caption = theatrical poster
director = Jacques Tourneur
writer = Inez Wallace "(story)"
Curt Siodmak
Ardel Wray
starring = James Ellison,
Frances Dee,
Tom Conway
producer = Val Lewton
music = Roy Webb
cinematography = J. Roy Hunt
editing = Mark Robson
distributor = RKO Radio Pictures Inc.
released = March 17, fy|1943 "(US)"
runtime = 69 minutes
country = FilmUS
language = English
budget =
gross =
imdb_id = 0036027

"I Walked with a Zombie" is a fy|1943 horror film directed by Jacques Tourneur. It was the second horror film from producer Val Lewton for RKO Pictures; the first was the very successful "Cat People", also directed by Tourneur. The film was edited by Mark Robson, who would later direct "The Seventh Victim" and "The Ghost Ship" for producer Lewton.

As was typical of many of Lewton's horror films, he was given the film's title and, with the aid of credited writers, he created the story around the title, in this case borrowing elements of Charlotte Brontë's "Jane Eyre". Also typical of many Lewton films, the supernatural is treated ambiguously, and it's never entirely clear how some events should be interpreted.

In 2007, "Stylus Magazine" named it the fifth best Zombie movie of all time. [ [http://www.stylusmagazine.com/articles/movie_review/stylus-magazines-top-10-zombie-films-of-all-time.htm Stylus Magazine’s Top 10 Zombie Films of All Time - Movie Review - Stylus Magazine ] ]

Plot

Betsy Connell (Frances Dee), a Canadian nurse, relates in a voiceover narration how she "walked with a zombie."

Betsy is hired to care for Jessica Holland (Christine Gordon), the wife of Paul Holland (Tom Conway), who is the owner of a sugar plantation on the Caribbean island of Saint Sebastian. She arrives on Saint Sebastian, which is populated by the descendants of African slaves and a small white community of doctors and officials. Betsy is taken to Fort Holland, where she is told the story of how the Hollands brought the slaves to the island, learning that the statue of "Ti-Misery" in the Hollands' courtyard comes from the figurehead of a slave ship — it is an effigy of Saint Sebastian with arrows in it.

That night at dinner, Betsy is joined by Paul’s half-brother Wesley Rand (James Ellison) and told about their mutual mother, Mrs Rand (Edith Barrett). While getting ready for bed, Betsy hears a woman crying from across the courtyard. She goes to investigate and ends up in the tower stairwell. She begins to ascend the stairs when she is cornered by Jessica Holland, who walks towards her like a ghost in a light robe, her eyes staring. Betsy screams for help, waking most of the household. Paul takes Jessica back to bed.

The crying was actually being done by Alma (Theresa Harris), a maid of African descent. Paul explains that the misery of life for the slaves and their descendants means that "they still weep when a child is born—and make merry at a burial."

The next morning, Betsy meets Jessica's physician, Dr. Maxwell (James Bell), who explains that his patient's strange sleepwalking condition is caused by an incurable tropical fever.

On a day off, Betsy goes to town and encounters Wesley Rand. While he drinks himself into a stupor, a calypso singer (Sir Lancelot) performs a song about how Jessica had an affair with Wesley but was struck down into a permanent state of shock when Paul would not let them leave. He stops and apologizes to Wesley when made aware of his presence. In the evening Betsy meets Mrs Rand, Wesley and Paul's mother, who is herself a doctor. At that moment the singer can be heard:

cquote
Her eyes are empty and she cannot talk, And a nurse has come to make her walk. The brothers are lonely and the nurse is young And now you must see that my song is sung.

Back at the Fort, as the night draws in, distant drums of a Voodoo ritual underscore an argument between Paul and Wesley during dinner. Paul is trying to cut down on Wesley's drinking but his half-brother accuses him of trying to impress Betsy and of driving Jessica insane in the first place.

Later, Betsy is drawn to the sound of Paul playing the piano. When he sees her approach, Paul apologizes for bringing her to the island and admits that he may have been the cause of his wife's condition. Over time, Betsy has been falling in love with Paul who is a cultured gentleman in spite of his moody personality. She determines to make him happy by curing Jessica.

Betsy administers insulin shock to Jessica with no effect. Alma the maid then tells her of how a Voodoo priest brought a woman out of a similar state of catatonia after the tragic death of her son. Mrs Rand claims that it was just "a little practical psychology", but, ignoring her advice, Betsy takes her patient to the hounfort (a place where the local voodoo worshipers assemble).

The two women set off on a nightmarish journey through billowing fields of cane, past animal sacrifices and to the crossroads guarded by the towering figure of the zombie Carre-Four (Darby Jones) ("carrefour" is French for crossroad). They finally reach the Houmfort where they watch the rituals being performed by a priest known as the Sabreur (Jieno Moxzer), who wields a saber. Visitors are given advice through a hole in a shack by another Voodoo priest. Betsy however is summoned inside where she is shocked to find that the priest is none other than Mrs Rand.

Mrs Rand explains that she uses Voodoo to convince the natives to accept standard medical practices and tells Betsy that Jessica can never be cured. Outside, Jessica's strange demeanor excites the locals who try out a test with the sword. It convinces them that she is a bloodless zombie. Betsy takes her back to the house.

The natives start to intensify their drumming and demand that Jessica be returned to them for "ritual tests". Tension starts to build in the area to the point that it worries even the white community, which has always taken Voodoo as a sort of joke. It's even suggested that Jessica should be sent to an asylum in Saint Thomas in the Virgin Islands. Later the Sabreur sends Carre-Four into the residence but, before he can seize Jessica, Mrs Rand appears and orders him back to the Houmfort.

Paul suggests that Betsy should return to Canada, as he is fearful of demeaning and abusing her as he did Jessica. She is convinced that he is not really like that.

The next day, Doctor Maxwell comes to announce that the native unrest has sparked an official inquiry into Jessica's illness. With obvious glee and satisfaction, Wesley pins the whole thing on Paul, but then Mrs Rand reveals that Jessica is not really ill but an actual zombie, a member of the living dead!

Although she had never actually taken Voodoo seriously before, Mrs Rand claims that when she discovered that Jessica was planning to run away with Wesley and break up her family, she felt herself possessed by a Voodoo god. She then put a curse on Jessica, turning her into a zombie.

Paul, Maxwell and Betsy dismiss all this, claiming that Jessica never actually died and that her heart is still beating — which would rule her out as being a zombie. Wesley, on the other hand, pays credence to his mother's story and becomes obsessed with freeing Jessica from her current state of being. He even asks Betsy if she would consider euthanasia but she refuses, claiming that as a nurse she is supposed to guard life not take it.

The Sabreur uses a plastic doll made to look like Jessica and makes her walk out of the estate after Wesley has opened the gates. Then – perhaps prompted by the Sabreur, although the film makes no definitive statement – Wesley pulls an arrow from the statue of Ti-Misery and follows her. As the Sabreur stabs the doll with a pin, Wesley thrusts the arrow into Jessica. He then carries her into the sea as Carre-Four follows, staring blindly into the night.

Later, the natives discover the bodies of Jessica and Wesley floating in the surf and carry them back to Fort Holland, where Paul comforts Betsy.

Production

Inspired by "Jane Eyre", the film was also based on an article written by Inez Wallace for "American Weekly Magazine" [http://www.whiskeyloosetongue.com/zombie.html] .

The original screenplay put more emphasis on Jessica's past as a manipulative hussy. It even had a happy ending with Paul and Betsy back in Ottawa, married and enjoying the hustle and bustle of a modern city [http://www.whiskeyloosetongue.com/scripts/walked.html] . This scene was not included in the final film.

"I Walked..." was a critical and financial success. It has since been acclaimed for its nuanced performances and haunting atmosphere, particularly the nightmare journey undertaken by Betsy and Jessica in the cane field. It is not a "zombie movie" in the common sense of the term, but it is arguably more accurate and sensitive in depicting Caribbean culture and Voodoo rites and beliefs than many horror films [see commentary track by writer Kim Newman on DVD] . Many modern critics are also quick to point out the complex and non-stereotyped way in which black characters are portrayed. [ [http://www.acm.vt.edu/~yousten/lewton/misc/zom-rev.html Review: I Walked with a Zombie ] ]

Ambiguity is at the core of the film. It is not established for certain if Jessica is a zombie or not or that Voodoo magic is really effective. Medical explanations are given for Jessica's condition and Betsy gets past Carre-Four even after she has lost the Voodoo patch that she was told she needed in order to do so.

In 2007 it was announced the makers of the "Saw" series would be remaking the film for release before 2010 [ [http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117966963.html?categoryid=13&cs=1&nid=2564 RKO genre films get Twisted] , "Variety", June 14, 2007] .

Cast

* Tom Conway as Paul Holland: Conway also appeared in two other Lewton films, "Cat People", and "The Seventh Victim" both times playing the character Dr. Louis Judd. In "I Walked with a Zombie", Conway portrays the stoic Paul Holland, who has possibly driven his wife Jessica Holland into her catatonic state.

* Frances Dee as Betsy Connell: Actress Anna Lee was originally stated for the role of Betsy Connell, the sympathetic nurse, but Frances Dee eventually took the part and Lee appeared in the later Lewton production "Bedlam". Dee portrays Betsy as a good-hearted young woman who is persuaded to leave the cold weather of Ottawa for the heat of the Caribbean, in order to care for Jessica Holland, though Paul is quick to dash her expectations that the area will be a charming place to stay.

* James Ellison as Wesley Rand: Ellison plays Wesley Rand, Paul Holland's alcoholic brother. Rand is also in love with his brother's catatonic wife and blames Paul for her condition.

* Edith Barrett as Mrs. Rand: Edith Barrett plays the role of Mrs. Rand, the mother of Paul and Wesley. Barrett also went on to also play Ms. Fairfax in "Jane Eyre" (1944) — the book of which was a major influence on "I Walked With a Zombie". Edith Barrett also appeared in another Val Lewton production, "The Ghost Ship" (1943). During the filming of "I Walked With a Zombie", Barrett was married to horror icon Vincent Price. Barrett plays a character that, it can be assumed, is much older than she was at the time of filming (36), an interesting casting choice that has never been explained.

* Christine Gordon as Jessica Holland: Gordon plays Paul Conway's catatonic wife Jessica. Gordon only appeared in one other movie, the propaganda film "Mission to Moscow" (1943).

Popular culture references

Books

This film was referenced in the novel "Kiss of the Spider Woman" by Argentine novelist Manuel Puig. In the book, two inmates pass the time by discussing the films one of them has seen. Though "I Walked With A Zombie" is not specifically mentioned, it is hinted at, as is "Cat People", a previous Lewton-Tourneur film.

Film

* The Tales from the Crypt film "Ritual" is a loose remake of "I Walked with a Zombie".

Music

Singer-Songwriter Roky Erickson, pioneer of the psychedelic rock genre and member of the 13th Floor Elevators, wrote a song titled "I Walked with a Zombie" which appeared his 1981 album "The Evil One". Since then, the bands R.E.M., Alice Donut and Elf Power have covered this song. The lyrics are simple, catchy, and possibly written to brainwash you into seeing the movie. LYRICS: "I walked with a zombie (3x) Last Night", and repeat...

Notes

External links

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* " [http://www.geocities.com/Hollywood/Set/7321/zomwalked.html I Walked With A Zombie] " Pages on the movie, Lewton, Tourneur & Cast
* " [http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/i_walked_with_a_zombie/ I Walked with a Zombie] " at Rotten Tomatoes