Earl of Wemyss and March

Earl of Wemyss (pronounced "Weemz") and Earl of March are two titles in the Peerage of Scotland, created in 1633 and 1697 respectively, that have been held by a joint holder since 1826. The Scottish Wemyss family had possessed the lands of Wemyss in Fife since the 12th century. In 1625 John Wemyss was created a Baronet, of Wemyss in the County of Fife, in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia. In 1628 he was raised to the Peerage of Scotland as Lord Wemyss of Elcho, and in 1633 he was further honoured when he was made Lord Elcho and Methel and Earl of Wemyss, also in the Peerage of Scotland. He later supported the Scottish parliament against Charles I, and died in 1649. He was succeeded by his son, the second Earl. In 1672 he resigned his peerages to the Crown in return for a new patent with original precedency and extending the limitation to his daughters. Lord Wemyss had no male issue and on his death in 1679 the baronetcy became extinct. He was succeeded in the peerages according to the new patent by his daughter Margaret, the third Countess of Wemyss. She married as her first husband her third cousin twice removed Sir James Wemyss, Lord Burntisland. He was the son of General Sir James Wemyss of Caskieberry, grandson of James Wemyss, younger brother of Sir John Wemyss, great-grandfather of the first Earl of Wemyss. She was succeeded by her son from her first marriage, David, the fourth Earl. He served as Lord High Admiral of Scotland and sat in the House of Lords as a Scottish Representative Peer from 1707 to 1710. Lord Wemyss married Lady Anne Douglas, daughter of William Douglas, 1st Duke of Queensberry and sister of William Douglas, 1st Earl of March (see below).

On his death the titles passed to his second but eldest surviving son James, the fifth Earl. He married the great heiress Janet Charteris, daughter of Colonel Francis Charteris, who had made a large fortune by gambling. Their eldest son David, Lord Elcho, was implicated in the Jacobite rising of 1745, and was consequently attainted. On his father's death in 1756 he was not allowed to succeeded to the peerages but nonetheless assumed the title of Earl of Wemyss. Lord Elcho died childless and the peerages would have but for the attainder devolved upon his younger brother Francis, the "de jure" seventh Earl, who nevertheless assumed the title. He assumed the surname of Charteris in lieu of Wemyss on being made heir his maternal grandfather Colonel Charteris's estate. His successor was his grandson Francis, the "de jure" eighth Earl (the son of Francis Wemyss Charteris, "Lord Elcho"). In 1810, upon the death of William Queensberry, 4th Duke of Queensberry and 3rd Earl of March, he succeeded as fourth Earl of March, fourth Viscount of Peebles and fourth Lord Douglas of Neidpath, Lyne and Munard as the lineal heir male of the aforementioned Lady Anne Douglas, sister of the first Earl of March (see below). On his accession to these titles he assumed the surname of Charteris-Wemyss-Douglas. In 1821 he was created Baron Wemyss, of Wemyss in the County of Fife, in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. In 1826 he also obtained a reversal of the attainder of the earldom of Wemyss and became the eighth Earl of Wemyss.

He was succeeded by his son, the ninth Earl of Wemyss and fifth Earl of March. He served as Lord-Lieutenant of Peeblesshire from 1853 to 1880. When he died the titles passed to his son, the tenth Earl. He represented Gloucestershire and Haddingtonshire in the House of Commons for many years. He was succeeded by his fifth but eldest surviving son, the eleventh Earl. He sat as Conservative Member of Parliament for Haddingtonshire and Ipswich and served as Lord-Lieutenant of Haddingtonshire from 1918 to 1937. As of 2007 the titles are held by his grandson, the twelfth Earl of Wemyss and eighth Earl of March, who succeeded in 1937. He is the eldest son of Captain Hugo Francis Charteris, Lord Elcho (1884-1916), who was killed in action in the First World War. Lord Wemyss and March has notably served as Lord-Lieutenant of East Lothian from 1967 to 1987 and as Lord Clerk Register from 1974 to 2007 and was made a Knight of the Thistle in 1966. He is also Chief of Clan Charteris.

The titles of Lord Douglas of Neidpath, Lyne and Munard, Viscount of Peebles and Earl of March were created in the Peerage of Scotland in 1697 for Lord William Douglas, with remainder to heirs male of his body, failing which to his other heirs male and of tailzie. He was the second son of William Douglas, 1st Duke of Queensberry. He married Anne Hamilton, 2nd Countess of Ruglen, daughter of William Douglas, 3rd Earl of Selkirk and 1st Earl of Ruglen. They were both succeeded by their son William, the third Earl of March and third Earl of Ruglen. In 1768 he was created Baron Douglas of Amesbury, in the County of Wiltshire, in the Peerage of Great Britain. In 1778 Lord March and Ruglen also succeeded his first cousin twice removed Charles Douglas, 3rd Duke of Queensberry, as fourth Duke of Queensberry. However, he died unmarried in 1810. On his death the barony of Douglas of Amesbury and earldom of Ruglen became extinct. The dukedom was inherited by his second cousin once removed Henry Scott, 3rd Duke of Buccleuch (see the Duke of Buccleuch for later history of this title) while the marquessate and earldom of Queensberry passed to his kinsman Sir Charles Douglas, 5th Baronet (see the Marquess of Queensberry for later history of these titles). He was succeeded in the earldom of March and its two subsidiary titles by his second cousin once removed Francis Wemyss-Charteris, later the eighth Earl of Wemyss. See above for further history of the titles.

Several other members of the Wemyss, later Charteris, family, have also gained distinction. William Wemyss (1760-1822), son of the Hon. James Wemyss (1726-1786), third son of the fifth Earl, was a Lieutenant-General in the Army. His elder son James Erskine Wemyss (1789-1854) was a Rear-Admiral in the Royal Navy and the grandfather of Admiral of the Fleet Rosslyn Erskine-Wemyss, 1st Baron Wester Wemyss. William Wemyss (1790-1852), younger son of the aforementioned William Wemyss, was a Lieutenant-General in the Army. William Binfield Wemyss (1810-1890), son of James Wemyss (1778-1849), younger son of the aforementioned the Hon. James Wemyss, was a General in the Army. The Hon. Frederick William Charteris (1833-1887), third son of the ninth Earl, was a Captain in the Royal Navy. The Hon. Sir Evan Edward Charteris (1864-1940), sixth son of the tenth Earl, was a historian, biographer and barrister and notably published biographies of John Singer Sargent and of Edmund Gosse. The Hon. Martin Michael Charles Charteris, second son of the aforementioned Captain Hugo Francis Charteris, Lord Elcho, eldest son of the eleventh Earl, was private secretary to Queen Elizabeth II and was created a life peer as Baron Charteris of Amisfield in 1978.

The current Earl of Wemyss resides at Gosford House near Longniddry, East Lothian. The large mansion was designed by Robert Adam (although there have been many alterations) and built 1790–1800. The family also owns Stanway House in Gloucestershire, Neidpath Castle near Peebles and Elcho Castle near Perth.

Earls of Wemyss (1633)

*John Wemyss, 1st Earl of Wemyss (d. 1649)
*David Wemyss, 2nd Earl of Wemyss (1610-1679)
*Margaret Wemyss, 3rd Countess of Wemyss (1659-1705)
*David Wemyss, 4th Earl of Wemyss (c. 1678-1720)
*James Wemyss, 5th Earl of Wemyss (1699-1756)
*David Wemyss, "de jure" 6th Earl of Wemyss (1721-1787) (attainted 1746)
*Francis Wemyss Charteris, "de jure" 7th Earl of Wemyss (1723-1808)
*Francis Wemyss Charteris Douglas, 8th Earl of Wemyss, 4th Earl of March (1772-1853) (restored 1826)
*Francis Wemyss-Charteris, 9th Earl of Wemyss, 5th Earl of March (1796-1883)
*Francis Richard Charteris, 10th Earl of Wemyss, 6th Earl of March (1818-1914)
*Hugo Richard Charteris, 11th Earl of Wemyss, 7th Earl of March (1857-1937)
*(Francis) David Charteris, 12th Earl of Wemyss, 8th Earl of March (b. 1912)

The Heir Apparent is the present holder's son James Donald Charteris, Lord Neidpath (b. 1948)

The Heir Apparent's Heir Apparent is his son the Hon. Francis Richard Charteris, (b. 1984)

Earls of March (1697)

*William Douglas, 1st Earl of March (c. 1665-1705)
*William Douglas, 2nd Earl of March (c. 1696-1731)
*William Douglas, 4th Duke of Queensberry, 3rd Earl of March (1725-1810)
*Francis Wemyss Charteris Douglas, 8th Earl of Wemyss, 4th Earl of March (1772-1853)"See above for further succession"

ee also

*Clan Charteris
*Duke of Queensberry
*Marquess of Queensberry
*Earl of March
*Earl of Ruglen
*Earl of Selkirk
*Baron Wester Wemyss

External links

* [http://www.geo.ed.ac.uk/scotgaz/features/featurefirst258.html Gosford House from Gazetteer for Scotland]
* [http://pages.prodigy.net/ptheroff/gotha/wemyss.html An Online Gotha - Earls of Wemyss and March]

References

*Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). "Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage" (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990.
* [http://www.angeltowns.com/town/peerage/ Leigh Rayment's Peerage Page]
* [http://www.thepeerage.com/ www.thepeerage.com]
*1911