Lake Jocassee

Infobox lake
lake_name = Lake Jocassee
image_lake = Jocassee.jpg
caption_lake =
image_bathymetry =
caption_bathymetry =
location = Northwest South Carolina
coords = coord|35|0|N|82|56|W|type:waterbody_region:US-SC|display=inline,title
type = reservoir
inflow = Horsepasture, Toxaway, Whitewater, Thompson Rivers
outflow = Keowee River
catchment =
basin_countries = United States
length =
width =
area = convert|7500|acre|abbr=on|lk=on
depth = convert|300|ft|abbr=on|lk=on
max-depth = convert|350|ft|abbr=on|lk=on
volume =
residence_time =
shore = convert|75|mi|abbr=on|lk=on
elevation = 1,100 msl
islands = dozen small islets
cities = Salem
frozen = no

Lake Jocassee is a convert|7500|acre|km2|sing=on, convert|300|ft|m|sing=on deep lake located in northwest South Carolina created by the state in partnership with Duke Power in 1973cite web|url=http://www.jocassee.com/jocassee_history.htm|accessdate=2007-10-29|title="Jocassee History"] . The clean and cold Appalachian mountain rivers that feed the lake keep its waters cool year-round. The hydroelectric dam that formed the lake is convert|385|ft|m high and convert|1750|ft|m long. The lake is home to Devils Fork State Park.

Hydrology

The waters of Lake Jocassee are supplied by a confluence of four rivers. The Whitewater River, is the furthest west of the rivers, flows southeast until it meets the northwest corner of Lake Jocassee. The Thompson River, flows due south until it also reaches the lake in the northwest corner. The Horsepasture River feeds the lake from the northeast corner, along with the Toxaway River, which is directly east of the Horsepasture River.

The Jocassee Hydro Station, located in the southeast corner of Lake Jocassee, separates it from the beginning of Lake Keowee, also known as the Keowee River. Lake Keowee's furthest extent to the south brings it close to the city of Seneca, with the old mill town of Newry actually on it. Unlike Lake Jocassee, Keowee is heavily settled, primarily because the land adjacent to Lake Jocassee is owned by Duke Power and the State of South Carolina.

Natural History

A rare wildflower, the Oconee Bell ("Shortia galacifolia"), native to only a few counties in the Blue Ridge area, was discovered in the area in 1788 by French botanist Andre Michaux. The creation of Lake Jocassee is said to have caused the destruction of the heart of the species' range. [cite book | author = Porcher, D.W. & Rayner, D.A. | title = A Guide to the Wildflowers of South Carolina | publisher = University of South Carolina Press | location = Columbia | year = 2001 | id = ISBN 1-57003-438-9 ] More recently, biologists have documented the occurrence of a number of rare, threatened and endangered species. The Eastatoee Gorge Heritage Preserve was transferred from Duke Power Company to the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources in 1979 due to the extremely diverse flora occurring there.

Wildlife management efforts in the Jocassee Gorges area began as early as the 1930s when the Chief Game Warden managed the stocking of trout from the Cleveland State Fish Hatchery, Table Rock State Hatchery, and the Walhalla National Fish Hatchery. This led to the investigation and improvement of fish populations in the area. People hiking, hunting, fishing, or nature watching benefit from the fish stocking and law enforcement of the Game Management Program(now WMA).

History

The name, Jocassee, comes from the legend of a Cherokee maiden. An Oconee tribe, the "Brown Vipers" led by Chief Attakulla, inhabited the west side of the Whitewater river, while a rival tribe, "The Green Birds", lived on the east. Legend says that a young Green Bird warrior, Nagoochee, was not afraid to enter Brown Viper hunting grounds. On one occasion, he fell and broke his leg and was convinced he was going to die. Then he heard Jocassee, Attakulla's daughter, who brought him back to her father's lodge and nursed him back to health. Jocassee eventually fell in love with him, but in a later battle, Cheochee, Jocassee's brother, killed and brought Nagoochee's head back on his belt. Legend has it that Jocassee went into the water and did not sink but walked across the water to meet the ghost of Nagoochee. The name Jocassee means "Place of the Lost One."

The Jocassee Gorges area was once home to the part of the Cherokee Nation; it now lies convert|300|ft|m beneath the surface of the lake, near the Toxaway River. Nearby Keowee Town was a major hub in the Cherokee Path that connected Cherokee towns and villages throughout the area. Early 18th century traders delivered as many as 200,000 deerskins annually to Charleston, South Carolina and local Indians became well supplied with European firearms, ammunition, tools and clothing as a result. However, mounting discord between Europeans and Cherokees led to war in 1759. In 1785, General Andrew Pickens hosted a large gathering of Indian chiefs leading to a treaty that gave all of the Jocassee gorges area, with the exception of northern Oconee County, to the United States; the Oconee mountains were not ceded until 1815. European settlers, mostly of Scottish and Irish descent, came from Virginia and Pennsylvania as well as from Charleston. Land grants in the Jocassee area go back to 1791.

Fishing

Lake Jocassee holds state records for 5 species of fish, including three in the sunfish family (Centrarchidae). In 2001 a convert|5|lb|2.5|oz|kg|abbr=on Redeye bass and a convert|9|lb|7|oz|kg|abbr=on Smallmouth bass were caught. A convert|8|lb|2|oz|kg|abbr=on Spotted bass was caught in 1996. The last two came from the salmon family (Salmonidae). A convert|17|lb|9.5|oz|kg|abbr=on Brown trout was caught in 1987 and a convert|11|lb|5|oz|kg|abbr=on Rainbow trout was caught in 1993. [ [http://www.dnr.sc.gov/fish/freshrecs/records.html Freshwater Fish Records for South Carolina ] ]

Economy

The Jocassee Hydro Station, owned by Duke Power, in between Lake Jocassee and Lake Keowee, is a 610 megawatt pumped storage facility. Also, just off the Whitewater River, Bad Creek Generation Station is a 1,065 megawatt pumped storage facility that started generating electricity in 1991 and is also owned by Duke Powercite web|url=http://www.duke-energy.com/power-plants/pumped-storage-hydro/jocassee.asp|title="Jocassee- Duke Energy"|accessdate=2007-10-29] . Both facilities provide jobs for the surrounding area.

Nearby Cities and Towns

*Salem, SC- pop. 126

References

ee also

* Lake Keowee

External links

* [http://www.jocassee.com/jocassee_history.htm Jocassee history]
* [http://www.southcarolinaparks.com/park-finder/state-park/1355.aspx Devils Fork State Park website]