- Egyptian diaspora
Egyptians immigrated from
Egypt for many centuries , mainly toSudan ,Ethiopia ,Palestine ,Lebanon andSyria , this happened under different circumstances but mainly to escape prosecution and/ or high taxes.A sizable Egyptian diaspora did not begin to form until well into the 1980s, today numbering nearly 4 million (2006 est).Trends
Generally, those who emigrate to the United States (93%) and western European countries (55.5%) tend to do so permanently, while Egyptians migrating to Arab countries (100%) only go there with the intention of returning to Egypt.
Prior to 1974, only few Egyptian professionals had left the country in search for employment. Political, demographic and economic pressures led to the first wave of emigration after 1952. Later more Egyptians left their homeland first after the 1973 boom in oil prices and again in 1979, but it was only in the second half of the 1980s that Egyptian migration became prominent.
Motivations
Egyptian emigration today is motivated by even higher rates of unemployment, population growth and increasing prices. Political repression and human rights violations by Egypt's ruling régime are other contributing factors (see Egypt - Human rights). Egyptians have also been impacted by the wars between Egypt and
Israel , particularly after theSix-Day War in 1967, when migration rates began to rise. In August 2006, Egyptians made headlines when 11 students fromMansoura University failed to show up at their American host institutions for a cultural exchange program in the hope of finding employment. [Mitchell, Josh. [http://web.archive.org/web/20060819050909/http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/local/baltimore_county/bal-md.co.egyptians13aug13,0,4970784.story?coll=bal-local-headlines Egyptians came for jobs, then built lives] . Baltimore Sun.August 13 ,2006 .] Many Coptic Christians also leave the country due to discrimination and harassment by the Egyptian government and Islamist groups.Challenges
Egyptians in neighbouring countries face additional challenges. Over the years, abuse, exploitation and/or ill-treatment of Egyptian workers and professionals in the
Arab states of the Persian Gulf ,Iraq andLibya have been reported by the Egyptian Human Rights Organization [EHRO. [http://www.eohr.org/report/2003/5-1103.htm Migrant workers in SAUDI ARABIA] . March 2003.] and different media outlets. [IRIN. [http://www.irinnews.org/report.asp?ReportID=52063&SelectRegion=Middle_East&SelectCountry=EGYPT EGYPT: Migrant workers face abuse] .March 7 ,2006 .] [Evans, Brian. [http://www.geocities.com/capitolhill/Parliament/3251/spring99/saudi.html Plight of Foreign Workers in Saudi Arabia] .] Arab nationals have in the past expressed fear over an "'Egyptianization' of the local dialects and culture that were believed to have resulted from the predominance of Egyptians in the field of education" (see also Egyptian Arabic - Geographics).The Egyptians for their part object to what they call the "Saudization" of their culture due to Saudi Arabian petrodollar-flush investment in the Egyptian
entertainment industry .Cite web|url=http://www.newsweek.com/id/139434|title=The Last Egyptian Belly Dancer|accessdate=2008-06-02|publisher=Newsweek|year=2008|author=Rod Nordland] Twice Libya was on the brink of war with Egypt due to mistreatment of Egyptian workers and after the signing of the peace treaty with Israel. [AfricaNet. [http://www.africanet.com/africanet/country/libya/home.htm Libya] .] When theGulf War ended, Egyptian workers in Iraq were subjected to harsh measures and expulsion by the Iraqi government and to violent attacks by Iraqis returning from the war to fill the workforce. [Vatikiotis, P.J. "The History of Modern Egypt". 4th edition. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University, 1992, p. 432]References
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