Treaty of Novgorod

Treaty of Novgorod

Treaty of Novgorod, signed on June 3th, 1326 in Novgorod, marked the end of decades of the Norwegian-Novgorodian border skirmishes in the far-northern region called Finnmark. The terms were an armistice for 40 years. A few years earlier, Republic of Novgorod had settled its conflict with Sweden in the Treaty of Nöteborg.

The treaty did not delineate the border but rather stipulated which part of the Sami people would pay tribute to Norway and which to Novgorod, creating a kind of buffer zone in between the countries. The treaty remained in effect until the 19th century and was never abrogated by any of the powers. It eventually led into a situation where Sami people were freely exploited, some of them forced to pay taxes to all surrounding powers at the same time, including to the Birkarls from Swedish Finland. [For Latin and Russian texts of the treaty, see S. N. Valk, ed., "Gramoty Velikogo Novgoroda i Pskova" (Moscow and Leningrad: AN SSSR, 1949), pp. 69-79.]

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