Canada and NATO

Canada has been a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) since its inception in 1949.

Canada was not only a member but one of the principal initiators of the alliance. This was a marked break with Canada's pre-war isolationism, and was the first peacetime alliance Canada had ever joined. However, Canadian officials such as Hume Wrong and Lester B. Pearson and including Prime Minister Louis St. Laurent worked in favour of the alliance not only because they sought to contain the Soviet Union, as did other members, but because they hoped the treaty would help to eliminate any potential rivalries between the United States, the United Kingdom, and other European great powers (principally at the time France, but later including West Germany), where Canada would be forced to choose sides. This had long been the overriding goal of Canadian foreign policy. The main Canadian contribution to the North Atlantic Treaty was Article 2 which committed members to maintain a "free" political system and to promote economic cooperation, in addition to the more usual diplomatic and military matters. However trans-Atlantic unity in political and economic matters has not come to fruition, as European states have looked toward the European Union and its antecedents while North America has the North American Free Trade Agreement.

In terms of military commitments, Canada origianly stationed troops in Germany and Norway. During the 1950s Canada was one of the largest military spenders in the alliance and one of the few not receiving direct aid from the United States. The costs of maintaining forces in Europe combined with those defending its own vast territory and participation in the Korean War caused strain on the Canadian budget during the 1950s. Despite this Canada was not part of the inner sanctum of large countries that charted NATO policy. Canadian leaders grew disillusioned with the NATO alliance, and began to reduce Canada's commitment. In 1969 then Pime Minister Pierre Trudeau withdrew half of Canada's forces in Europe, even as many leftist intellectuals and peace activists called for a complete withdrawal from NATO. With the success of the Canadian participation in the Suez Crisis Canadian attention had shifted from conventional warfighting to peacekeeping missions, and unpopularity of the Vietnam war in Canada resulted in growing isolationism and pacifism. The remaining Canadian troops were withdrawn from Europe by the government of Brian Mulroney during the 1980s.

Given the small size of Canada's military, the importance of Canada's contribution to NATO has primarily been political rather than military. However, during the 1999 Kosovo War Canadian CF-18 jets were actively involved in bombing Yugoslavia. Currently, Canadian troops are part of the NATO-led mission in Afghanistan, ISAF.

External links

* [http://www.warmuseum.ca/cwm/disp/dis009_e.html Canada and NATO] by Dean F. Oliver
* [http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=ArchivedFeatures&Params=A245 NATO: When Canada Really Mattered] by Norman Hillmer
* [http://www.international.gc.ca/foreign_policy/nato/canada_in_nato-en.asp Canada and NATO] by Foreign Affairs Canada