Jueju

Jueju

Jueju (traditional Chinese: 絕句; simplified Chinese: 绝句; pinyin: Juéjù; Wade-Giles: Chüeh2chü4) is a style of jintishi, or "Modern form poetry", that grew popular among Chinese poets in the Tang Dynasty (618-907), although traceable to earlier origins. Jueju poems are always quatrains, or, more specifically, a matched pair of couplets, with each line consisting of five or seven syllables each.[1]

The five-syllable-long form is called wujue (Chinese: 五絕; pinyin: Wŭjué) and the seven-syllable-long form qijue (Chinese: 七絕; pinyin: Qījué).[2]

Contents

History

The origins of the jueju style are uncertain. The wujue form may have developed from the pentasyllabic yuefu song form, dominant in the Six Dynasties period, as it carried over into shi composition. The result is a hybrid of yuefu quatrain and shi quatrain.[3] Indeed, many Tang dynasty wujue poems were inspired by these yuefu songs.[2]

The jueju style was very popular during the Tang dynasty. Many authors composing jueju poems at the time followed the concept of "seeing the big within the small" (Chinese: 小中見大; pinyin: Xiăozhōng jiàndà), and thus wrote on topics of a grand scale; philosophy, religion, emotions, history, vast landscapes and more.[2]

Authors known to have composed jueju poems include Du Fu,[4] Du Mu,[5] Li Bai,[6] Li Shangyin,[7] Wang Changling[8] and Wang Wei.[9]

Form

Traditional literary critics considered the jueju style to be the most difficult form of jintishi. Limited to exactly 20 or 28 characters,[10] writing a jueju requires the author to make full use of each character to create a successful poem. This proved to encourage authors to use symbolic language to a high degree.[2]

Furthermore, tonal meter in jueju, as with other forms of Chinese poetry, is a complex process. It can be compared to the alternation of stressed and unstressed syllables in sonnets. A poet writing a jueju or similar lüshi-style poem needs to alternate level and oblique tones both between and within lines.[11]

Example

This poem is called "Spring Lament" (Chinese: 春怨; pinyin: Chūn yuàn) and was written by Jin Changxu (Chinese: 金昌緒; pinyin: Jīn Chāngxù).[12]

Traditional Chinese
Simplified Chinese
English translation

春怨

打起黃鶯兒
莫教枝上啼
啼時驚妾夢
不得到遼西

春怨

打起黄莺儿
莫教枝上啼
啼时惊妾梦
不得到辽西

"Spring Lament"

Hit the yellow oriole
Don't let it sing on the branches
When it sings, it breaks into my dreams
And keeps me from Liaoxi!

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Tian (in Cai 2007), p. 143
  2. ^ a b c d Egan (in Cai 2007), pp. 199-201
  3. ^ Egan 1993, p. 124
  4. ^ Egan (in Cai 2007), pp. 216-217
  5. ^ Egan (in Cai 2007), pp. 217-219
  6. ^ Egan (in Cai 2007), pp. 210-212, 216
  7. ^ Egan (in Cai 2007), p. 219
  8. ^ Egan (in Cai 2007), pp. 213-215
  9. ^ Egan (in Cai 2007), pp. 205-209
  10. ^ Egan 1993, p. 84
  11. ^ Cai (in Cai 2007), pp. 169-172
  12. ^ Egan (in Cai 2007), p. 204

References

External links


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем написать реферат

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Jueju — chinesisch 絕句 / 绝句 Juéjù ist eine Gedichtsform aus der Tang Zeit. Das Jueju ist eine Form des Jintishi. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Form 2 Töne 3 Reime …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Classical Chinese poetry forms — Poet on a Mountaintop by Shen Zhou, about 1500 CE (Ming Dynasty). Main articles: Chinese poetry and Classical Chinese poetry Classical Chinese poetry forms are those poetry forms, or modes, which typify the traditional Chinese poems written in… …   Wikipedia

  • Chinese poetry — Quatrain on Heavenly Mountain by Emperor Gaozong Chinese poetry is poetry written, spoken, or chanted in the Chinese language, which includes various versions of Chinese language, including Classical Chinese, Standard Chinese, Mandarin Chinese,… …   Wikipedia

  • Du Mu — (Tu Mu) (803–852)    One of the leading poets of the late TANG DYNASTY, Du Mu was best known for his jueju brief quatrains that generally focused on sensual descriptions that were popular in the second half of the Tang dynasty. Sometimes called… …   Encyclopedia of medieval literature

  • Li Bai — Este es un nombre chino; el apellido es Lǐ(李). Li Bai. Li Bai (chino: 李白, pinyin: Lǐ Bái, Wade Giles: Li Pai) (701 762) fue un poeta chino considerado el mayor poeta romántico de la dinastía Tang. El carácter 白, pronunciado bái en mandarín… …   Wikipedia Español

  • Wang Wei — Wang Wei. Wang Wei (chino: 王維, pinyin: Wang Wei, wade Giles: Wang Wei) (701 761) fue un poeta chino. Conocido a veces como el Buda poeta , oriundo de la provincia Shanxi, fue un famoso poeta, músico, pintor y estadista, de la Dinastía Tang.… …   Wikipedia Español

  • SHI — La langue chinoise répond difficilement aux exigences de l’expression analytique, à cause de la polyvalence grammaticale de tous ses mots – qui leur confère en revanche autonomie et puissance suggestive; l’imprécision des phrases entraîne la… …   Encyclopédie Universelle

  • Li Bai — For other uses, see Li Bai (disambiguation). Li Po redirects here. For other uses, see Li Po (disambiguation). This is a Chinese name; the family name is 李 (Lǐ​). Li Bai Li Bai chanting a poem, by Liang K ai (13th century) Born 701 Sui Ye …   Wikipedia

  • History of Chinese art — Chinese art is art that, whether ancient or modern, originated in or is practiced in China or by Chinese artists or performers. Early so called stone age art dates back to 10,000 BC, mostly consisting of simple pottery and sculptures. This early… …   Wikipedia

  • Chinese literature — History of Literature Bronze Age literature Sumerian Egyptian Akkadian Classical literatu …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”