San Fernando Building

Infobox_nrhp | name =San Fernando Building, The
nrhp_type =


caption = San Fernando Building, 2008
location= 400-410 S. Main St., Los Angeles, California
lat_degrees = 34
lat_minutes = 2
lat_seconds = 52
lat_direction = N
long_degrees = 118
long_minutes = 14
long_seconds = 50
long_direction = W
locmapin = California
area =
built =1906
architect= Blee, John F., et al.
architecture= Renaissance
added = July 31, 1986
governing_body = Private
refnum=86002098cite web|url=http://www.nr.nps.gov/|title=National Register Information System|date=2008-04-15|work=National Register of Historic Places|publisher=National Park Service]

The San Fernando Building is a Renaissance Revival style building built in 1906 in downtown Los Angeles, California. It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1986, converted into lofts in 2000, and declared a Historic-Cultural Monument in 2002.

Architecture and construction

James B. Lankershim, a wealthy wheat farmer and miller whose father owned much of the San Fernando Valley in the late 19th Century, hired architect John F. Blee to design the building. Constructed at a reported cost of $200,000, the building opened in 1907 and was considered one of the finest office buildings in the city. The lobby has a 22-foot ceiling, and the exterior is decorated with elaborate cornice work and spandrel panels with an incised diamond motif. [cite web|title=The San Fernando Building|publisher=LA Loft.com|url=http://www.laloft.com/lofts/san_fernando/index.php] Originally a six-story structure, two additional stories, designed by Robert Brown Young & Son, were added in 1911.

Illegal gambling and police raids

The building's history includes reports of illegal gambling. The current building web site notes that the building was the site of gambling activities around 1910, resulting in multiple raids by the police. However, in each case, the gamblers were tipped off to the raids and no evidence of gambling was discovered.cite web|title=The Colorful History of the San Fernando Building|publisher=LA Loft.com|url=http://www.laloft.com/lofts/san_fernando/history.php] In 1930, the police again raided the San Fernando Building, arresting eleven men for conducting illegal lottery operations at the building, and also arresting a woman for possession of eight quarts of liquor. The "Los Angeles Times" described the building as "local headquarters for various well-known lotteries."cite news|title=Lottery Sales Offices Raided: Officers Seize Eleven Men and Many Tickets; Woman Arrested on Charge of Possessing Liquor; Canadian and Cuban Racing Venture Broken Up|publisher=Los Angeles Times|date=1930-12-20 "Thousands in Southern California and near-by points who bought lottery tickets in the hope of acquiring lucky wealth are certain of great disappointment, police announced last night, because of a raid on offices in the San Fernando Building, described as local headquarters for various well-known lotteries."] Police said they found thousands of tickets for the "Army and Navy Veterans of Canada Sweepstakes", the "Cuban Sweepstakes", and other chance-taking ventures, including baseball pools and "bank-clearings guessing ventures."

Other points of interest in building's early history

In addition to its association with gambling and lotteries, the San Fernando Building was known for many legitimate businesses operating there. Other highlights from the building's early history include:
*In 1907, the Los Angeles Realty Board and the California State Realty Federation, responsible for investigating real estate fraud and other "queer deals", moved into the building. [cite news|title=Realty Board Moves: Now in San Fernando Building, Fourth and Main Streets -- Ready to Investigate Queer Deals|publisher=Los Angeles Times|date=1907-10-27]
*In 1913, physicians and surgeons formed the city's first cooperative telephone exchange at the San Fernando Building. The system was intended to provide 24-hour communication between doctors and patients, freeing doctors to attend the theater or make an out-of-town trip. [cite news|title=Doctor's Phone System: Exchange Is Installed in San Fernando Building to Give Doctors Greater Freedom|publisher=Los Angeles Times|date=1913-04-27]
*The California Film Exchange, housing film stock from Hollywood's early motion pictures, was located in Unit 110 of the building. In October 1913, a fire broke out destroying some 150 motion pictures. The fire was caused by an overheated motor, leading to two explosions when the flames reached chemicals stored at the exchange. Three individuals, including a fireman, were hospitalized, and the night operator of the physicians' telephone exchange located above the film office narrowly escaped the flames. The fire led to calls to prohibit the storage of highly flammable films in downtown office buildings. [cite news|title=Overheated: Film Exchange Stock Burned; Explosions Spread Flames and Three Men Are taken to Hospitals; San Fernando Building Damaged; Fire Chief Wants Surgeon for Firemen Exclusively|publisher=Los Angeles Times|date=1913-10-30] [cite news|title=Lessons from Fire: Building Publication Urges That Storage of Picture Films in Downtown District Be Prohibited|publisher=Los Angeles Times|date=1913-11-23]
*In 1917, the "Half Century Association" was founded and established its headquarters on the seventh floor of the San Fernando Building. The association was organized for the purpose of "breaking down the unjust age limit" set by government and private business for civil and private service and "to do for the man who has passed the half-century mark what the Y.M.C.A. does for the young men of the country." [cite news|title=Seeks Justice for Men Past Fifty: Half-Century Association Opens Headquarters; Seven Hundred Members Working to Better Conditions for Aged -- Three-quarters of Supporters are Well-to-do Business Men of Los Angeles|publisher=Los Angeles Times|date=1917-11-18]
*The U.S. Army operated its Los Angeles recruiting station at the corner of Fourth and Main in the San Fernando Building during World War I.cite news|title=Enlist Today: Must Rush Recruiting To Fill Army Quota|publisher=Los Angeles Times|date=1917-06-29] [cite news|title=City to Help Get Recruits: Big Two-Weeks' Campaign for Regular Army Men; Government will Advertise Widely for Soldiers; To Get Superior Education and Travel Abroad|publisher=Los Angeles Times|date=1919-06-12] [cite news|title=Soldiers Wanted to Fill Jobs Overseas: Call for Recruits to Go to Europe Is Telegraphed to Officers Here|publisher=Los Angeles Times|date=1919-08-27] When the United States entered the war in the spring of 1917, the "Los Angeles Times" reported that "the offices in the San Fernando Building were crowded during the day with applicants for enlistment in the National Guard and Reserve Corps." The building served as the Army's recruiting center again during World War II, as the "Times" reported on Hollywood actors joining in "the long service induction line in the San Fernando Building." [cite news|title=Army Induction Line Proves 'Old Home Week' for Actors|publisher=Los Angeles Times}date=1943-02-11]

Historic designations

The building was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1986 and was designated a Historic-Cultural Monument (HCM #728) by the Los Angeles Cultural Heritage Commission in 2002. [Citation | last = Los Angeles Department of City Planning | date = 2007-09-07 | title = Historic - Cultural Monuments (HCM) Listing: City Declared Monuments | place = | publisher = City of Los Angeles | edition = | url =http://www.cityprojectca.org/ourwork/documents/HCMDatabase090707.pdf | accessdate = 2008-06-29 ]

Conversion to loft space

In the 1980s and 1990s, the area surrounding the San Fernando Building had become part of LA's "skid row." In 1998, Gilmore Associates announced plans to convert the San Fernando Building and two other early 20th Century buildings located nearby (the Hellman and Continental Buildings) into 230 lofts. Gilmore's plan to convert a block of skid row into upscale lofts was initially met with skepticism as one expert described the location as desolate and opined that the lack of such nearby amenities as a grocery store could make the project "a tough sell." [cite news|author=Melinda Fulmer|title=Rental Units Are Proposed for Downtown; Housing: Gilmore Associates wants to turn a mostly vacant stretch of 4th Street into 250 market-rate apartments|publisher=Los Angeles Times|date=1998-12-01] However, the "Los Angeles Times" saw the project as having the potential to change the downtown area: "That distant sound of hammers you hear is coming from the corner of Spring and 4th, where developer Tom Gilmore has initiated an amazing project. ... Gilmore has assembled an entire block of buildings extending along 4th Street, from Spring to Main. It includes the 12-story Continental Building, generally regarded as the city's first skyscraper; the Farmers and Merchants Bank complex, and the San Fernando Building, built by potentate developer James B. Lankershim." [cite news|author=Robert A. Jones|title=The Distant Sound of a Miracle|publisher=Los Angeles Times|date=1998-12-06]

The San Fernando Building was the first of the three buildings to reopen in August 2000, and by March 2001, the building was 93% leased to tenants paying rents between $790 and $6,000 per month.cite news|author=Karen Lindell|title=As more of L.A.'s historical buildings are converted to residential units, people are leaving the sprawl of suburbia for the diverse and vibrant heart of downtown|publisher=Los Angeles Times|date=2001-03-04] [cite news|author=Jason Mandell|title=Old Bank Draws Five Years of Interest: Gilmore's Project Has Made Major Strides, but Much Work Remains|publisher=LA Downtown News Online|date=2003-11-17|url=http://www.downtownnews.com/articles/2003/11/17/news/news01.txt] The converted buildings consisted of large, open lofts with high ceilings and no interior walls except for the bathrooms. The conversion was designed by architect Wade Killefer, who noted: "What lends these buildings to residential use is lots of windows and high ceilings, offering wonderful light." The combined project became known as the Old Bank District lofts. [cite web|title=Downtown L.A. Lofts|publisher=LA Loft.com|url=http://www.laloft.com/lofts/]

The gentrification of skid row has drawn criticism from homeless advocates. Alice Callaghan of Las Familias Del Pueblo said, "Skid row is the last place in the community where a person can go if they have no money and no family." Callaghan criticized developers swooping in to buy the area's affordable housing stock: "For them to come and take irreplaceable housing stock for people who have no choice about where to live, so they can have some Disneyland Manhattan experience, is outrageous and immoral."

Pete's Cafe and Bar, an upscale bar and restaurant, operates on the ground floor of the building in space occupied during World War I by the Army's recruiting station. [cite web|title=Pete's Cafe and Bar|publisher=Pete's Cafe and Bar|url=http://www.petescafe.com/] cite news|author=Steve Lopez|title=POINTS WEST; A Skid Row Bistro Sounds Pretty Good, Despite Reservations|publisher=Los Angeles Times|date=2002-09-06]

ee also

*List of Registered Historic Places in Los Angeles

References