Japanese Chilean

Infobox Ethnic group
group= flagicon|JapanJapanese Chileanflagicon|Chile
"Japonés Chileno"
"Nikkei Chirejin"
poptime=3,800 (official count), estimates from 5,000 to 10,000, the largest subgroup of East Asians in Chile.
popplace=Arica, Iquique, Antofagasta, La Serena, Valparaíso, Santiago,
langs=Chilean Spanish, Japanese
rels=Christianity, Mahayana Buddhism, Shinto
related=Japanese people, Japanese Americans, Japanese Canadians, Japanese Mexicans, Japanese Peruvians, Koreans

Japanese Chilean (Spanish: "Japonés Chileno" or "Nipo-chileno"; Japanese: "日系チリ人 Nikkei Chirejin") is a Chilean with ethnic origin from Japan.

History

The number of Japanese settlers in Chile never went above 900 between 1910 and 1940. Among those who entered the nation, there was a wide diversity of persons ranging from professionals and businessmen to laborers re-migrating from neighboring countries, especially Peru, where it has the second largest Japanese population in Latin America and the whole world. They were possibly isolated in the nitrate-rich north and attracted particularly to the southern regions of Valparaíso and Santiago. They found employment in a variety of jobs as salaried workers and in small business interests, especially as barbers. The early Nikkei community was largely male. The majority of Issei men married Chilean women. Their children, the Nisei, were raised with the belief of “If they are going to live in Chile, let them be Chilean.”

However, World War II once more motivated anti-Japanese sentiments and interrupted the Nikkei’s process of integration into Chilean society. Starting in early 1943, several dozen Japanese Chileans were forced to move from strategically sensitive areas (such as copper mines) to the national interior. Meanwhile, the Japanese community received bigger unity, offering mutual support in the face of wartime oppositions. These ties would later resurface after the war with the organization of the Japanese Beneficence Society ("Sociedad Japonesa de Beneficencia").

By the 1990s, Chilean Nikkei enjoyed middle-class status, a high educational level, and employment in white-collar jobs. Contrary to trends in other Latin American countries with a Nikkei population, only less than 5% of the ethnic Japanese population has gone to Japan to work as "dekasegis". The small size of the Japanese community, its lack of unity, and the increase of mixed marriages call into question the future of the Chilean Nikkei.

Language

Most Japanese Chileans only speak Spanish. Only a selected number can speak Japanese, while those with higher education speak English. There are even a number of Japanese Chilean schools that offer English-language teaching to the recent Japanese residents.

Religion

The majority of Japanese Chileans are Roman Catholic Christians, while the rest are Buddhists.

Prominent Japanese Chileans

* Michio Nishihara Toro musician
* Carlos Ominami senator
* Camilo Mori painter
* Yoshiro Sato TV producer
* Hernán Takeda filmmaker
* Tatukichi Sakurada Endo former baseboller
* Takaomi Saito musician
* Hirohito y su Conjunto

External Link

* [http://www.discovernikkei.org/wiki/index.php/Migration_Historical_Overview_Chile Migration Historical Overview - Chile]