Viktor Vinogradov

Viktor Vladimirovich Vinogradov (Russian: Виктор Владимирович Виноградов; 12 January 1895, Zaraysk - 4 October 1969, Moscow) was a Russian linguist and philologist who presided over Soviet linguistics after World War II.

Vinogradov's teachers at the Petrograd Institute of History and Philology included Lev Shcherba and Aleksey Shakhmatov, but it was Charles Bally's ideas that influenced him most profoundly during his formative years. He made his mark as a scholar of Russian literature with a series of works examining the style and language of Russian classical writers, including Alexander Pushkin (1935, 1941), Nikolai Gogol (1936), Mikhail Lermontov (1941), and Anna Akhmatova (a family friend, 1925).

From the standpoint of linguistics, Vinogradov set out as a good-natured critic of the Russian Formalists who was on friendly terms with many of them. After moving from Leningrad to Moscow in 1929, he was implicated in the "Slavists conspiracy" and exiled to Vyatka in 1934. Two years later, he was allowed to settle somewhat closer to the capital, in Mozhaysk, only to be exiled to Siberia after Hitler's invasion of Russia in 1941. His father, an Orthodox priest, was purged in 1930.

After Stalin became alarmed with the management of Soviet linguistics by Nicholas Marr and his followers, Vinogradov found himself appointed Director of the Linguistics Institute (1950). Honors were heaped on him with profusion: he was elected into the Soviet Academy of Sciences and was awarded a Stalin Prize. This sudden reversal of fortune made him willing to gratify the authorities, as was demonstrated by his participation in the notorious Sinyavsky-Daniel trial. Vinogradov's rise to power cemented his followers (Sergei Ozhegov, Natalia Shvedova) into the dominant academic school of Soviet linguistics. The Russian Language Institute, which he administered from 1958, still bears his name.

Sources

* "This article is based on a translation of the equivalent article of the Russian Wikipedia on 6 July 2008".