9K114 Shturm

9K114 "Shturm" ( _ru. 9К114 «Штурм»; "shturm" means "storm" (assault) in English) is SACLOS radio guided anti-tank missile system of the Soviet Union. Its GRAU designation is 9K114 [ru icon [http://www.krugosvet.ru/articles/125/1012541/1012541a21.htm Artillery] ] . Its NATO reporting name is AT-6 "Spiral". The name of the missile is actually 9M114 "Kokon" (Cocoon).

Development

The missile was developed by the Kolomna Machine Design Bureau—which was responsible for the AT-1 Snapper and AT-3 Sagger. Work on the missile began in 1967, with hopes to use the missile on Mi-24. However delays forced the design of an upgraded Falanga system (AT-2 Swatter) using SACLOS guidance as a stopgap. Testing of the missile was completed in 1974, and was accepted into service in 1976.The missile has no direct western counterpart, though it is closest to the AGM-114 Hellfire.

Description

The missile can be deployed on a variety of platforms, including the Mi-24V and from 1979-onwards the MT-LB based 9P149 tank destroyer. There is also a navalised version of the missile, with the launcher holding six missiles.

The missile is transported and launched from a glass-reinforced plastic tube. The missile uses a Soyuz NPO solid-rocket sustainer, with a small booster stage to launch the missile from its tube.

The missile is SACLOS with a radio command link. The use of a radio link allows the missile to travel much faster and further than if it were wire guided. The radio link is a VHF system with five frequency bands and two codes to minimize the risk of jamming. The system comprises a KPS-53AV 8x daylight-only direct vision sight with an integrated laser rangefinder. After the missile is launched the gunner has to keep the sight's crosshairs on the target until impact. Appropriate steering commands are transmitted to the missile via the radio link.

The missile flies above the gunner's line of sight to the target. With the range of the target determined by the laser rangefinder, the missile descends onto the target just before impact. This is done primarily to clear obstacles, instead of achieving a top-attack, and can be switched off. It is possible to engage low and slow moving helicopters with the system; however, since the missile only has a contact fuze a direct hit would be needed.

During the 1980s and 1990s a series of tests at the Aberdeen Proving Ground code-named Passive Nova 1, 2, and 3 test fired 120 AT-6 missiles purchased from different East European sources. The results where disappointing — 4% of the missiles fired at targets moving up to 15 km/h hit their targets, while 11% of the missiles fired at stationary targets hit. Tests with later models of the missiles raised the hit probability to 24%.

Soviet sources report kill ratios of 75-85% during the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. Also a Mil demonstration in Sweden in late 1995 using a Mi-28A firing Shturm and Ataka missiles also showed good results: from a hovering helicopter a Shturm was fired at a target 900 m away, and from level flight at 200 km/h an Ataka was fired at a target 4700 m away. Both missiles passed within 1 m of their targets. [http://www.enemyforces.com/missiles/shturm.htm]

It is possible there were problems with early models of the missile— Soviet stocks of the missile were rebuilt to AT-6B and C standard by 1994.

The export price of the missile in 1992 was $50,000.

General characteristics (AT-6A Spiral)

* Length: 1625 mm
* Wingspan: 360 mm
* Diameter: 130 mm
* Launch weight: 31.4 kg
* Speed: 345 m/s
* Range: 400 m to 5 km
* Guidance: Radio command link SACLOS
* Warhead: 5.3 kg HEAT 560 mm vs RHA [http://www.army-technology.com/projects/shturm/index.html]

Models

* 9M114 AT-6 "Spiral" Entered service in 1976.
** 9M114 AT-6A "Spiral" Shturm SACLOS
*** 9M114M HEAT warhead.
*** 9M114F Thermobaric warhead.
** 9M114M1 AT-6B "Spiral" Shturm SACLOS 6 km Range. 7.4 kg warhead.
** 9M114M2 AT-6C "Spiral" Shturm SACLOS 7 km Range. 7.4 kg warhead.
* 9M120/9M120F/9A220O AT-9 "Spiral-2" "Shturm-VM" - see 9M120 Ataka-V

Users

Former Soviet Republics, ;flag|Czechoslovakia;flag|Czech Republic ;flag|Indonesia ;POL;RUS;flag|Serbia;USSR

References

* Hull, A.W. , Markov, D.R. , Zaloga, S.J. (1999). "Soviet/Russian Armor and Artillery Design Practices 1945 to Present". Darlington Productions. ISBN 1-892848-01-5.
* Article "Fire in the Hills", AirEnthusiast magazine, Volume 104, March 2003
* http://www.enemyforces.com/missiles/shturm.htm
* http://www.army-technology.com/projects/shturm/index.html
* http://www.airwar.ru/weapon/aat/shturm.html

External links

* http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/row/at6spiral.htm