History of Dutch religion

:"This article concerns the religious development among the Ethnic Dutch, for articles concerning religion in the countries they inhabit; see Religion in Belgium and/or Religion in the Netherlands."

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Traditional religion within the Dutch ethnicity:

Prior to the arrival of Christianity, the ancestors of the Dutch adhered a form of Germanic paganism augmented with various Celtic elements, due to the close proximity of various Celtic tribes and the general cultural blend of the region. At the start of the 6th century the first (Hiberno-Scottish) missionaries arrived. They were later replaced by Anglo-Saxon missionaries, who eventually succeeded in converting most of the inhabitants by the 8th century. [ [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01505a.htm The Anglo-Saxon Church] - Catholic Encyclopedia article] Germanic/Frankish mythology influenced Christianity, and various stories of Dutch folklore can trace origins to it. [For example Sinterklaas.]

Christianity then dominated Dutch religion until the early 16th century, when the Protestant Reformation began to form. Early protestantism in the form of Lutheranism did not gain much support among the Dutch, but Calvinism, introduced two decades later, did. It began its spread in the Westhoek and the County of Flanders, where secret sermons were held in the outside, called "hagenpreken" ("hedgerow orations") in Dutch. Gradually discontent among the Dutch grew, and erupted in 1566 with the so-called "Beeldenstorm", a surge of iconoclasm, which quickly spread among all Dutch regions and finally resulted in what would become the Dutch revolt.

The ruler of the Dutch regions, Philip II of Spain, felt it was his duty to fight Protestantism, and, after the wave of iconoclasm, sent troops to crush the rebellion and make the Low Countries a Catholic region once more. [The Dutch Republic Its Rise, Greatness, and Fall 1477-1806, ISBN 0-19-820734-4] The Protestants, many part of the merchant elite, in the Southern Low Countries (Flanders, Brabant) fled North "en masse". An extreme example was the population of the city of Hondschoote, which dropped from 18,000 to a mere 385 inhabitants. Antwerp, the most powerful Dutch city, lost more than half its citizens to this exodus.. [The Dutch Republic Its Rise, Greatness, and Fall 1477-1806, ISBN 0-19-820734-4]

Most of the Dutch protestants were now concentrated in the free Dutch provinces above the river Rhine, while the Catholic Dutch were situated in the Spanish occupied or dominated South. After the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, protestantism did not spread South, resulting in a religious situation, lasting to this day.

Contemporary Dutch are generally nominally Christians. [A 2004 study conducted by Statistics Netherlands shows that 50% of the population claim to belong to a Christian denomination, 9% to other denominations and 42% to none. In the same study 19% of the people claim go to church at least once a month, another 9% less than once a month, 72% hardly ever or never. [http://www.cbs.nl/nr/rdonlyres/775b8373-86f8-4a17-8872-c4ecfbcb2766/0/2006a3pub.pdf Statistical Yearbook of the Netherlands 2006, page 43] ] [Nl icon [http://www.cbs.nl/nl-nl/menu/themas/mens-maatschappij/leefsituatie/publicaties/artikelen/archief/2003/2003-1361-wm.htm Religion in the Netherlands] , by Statistics Netherlands.] People of Dutch ancestry in the United States are generally more religious than their European counterparts; for example the numerous Dutch communities of western Michigan remain strongholds of the Reformed Church in America, and the Christian Reformed Church, both descendants of the Dutch Reformed Church.

References

ee also

*Dutch people
*Dutch culture