Karl Josef von Bachmann

Karl Joseph Anton Leodegar Freiherr von Bachmann (3 March 1734 – 3 September 1792) was a Swiss aristocrat and soldier.

Family and Early life

Karl Joseph von Bachmann was born in an aristocratic Swiss family from Nafels. His father was Marechal de Camp (Field Marshal) Karl Leonhard von Bachmann and his brother was the future General Niklaus Franz von Bachmann. As many of his ancestors and relatives he entered the service of the French King as an officer of the Swiss regiments of France.

Military career in France

In 1749 he entered French service as a Cadet, was soon promoted to Ensign in the company of his father (in Regiment de Castella) and in 1750 was promoted Captain of the Grenadiers of the same Regiment. In 1756 he became commander of two companies of the Regiment. In 1762 he was promoted to Major of the Regiment Waldner von Freudenstein.During this period he fought in various enagemnts of the Seven Years War.In 1764 he became Lieutenant Colonel and was transferred to the Regiment of the Swiss Guard, where he kept his rank though officially he was Major of the Regiment. In 1768 he obtained the rank of Brigadier and in 1780 those of Marechal de Camp, while still serving as Major of the Swiss Guards.In 1778 he received the Royal and Military Order of Saint Louis. In 1792 he became also the owner of a company of the Swiss Guard Regiment.

Death

Major Bachmann was in command of the Swiss Guard during the 10th of August Insurrection, when revolutionaries stormed the palace of the Tuileries. He escorted King Louis XVI and the Royal Family to the National Assembly where they sought refuge.

Arrested by the revolutionaries he was accused of treason for ordering the Swiss Guard to resist the storming of the royal palace and thereby offending the "Majesty of the People". Bachmann refused to acknowledge the tribunal which was trying him, as the Swiss soldiers in French service were entitled to be tried by their own courts. His trial was interrupted in the late afternoon of 2 September 1792 when the September Massacres of hundreds of political prisoners took place at the Conciergerie and Abbaye prisons. A lynch mob invaded the courtroom where Major Bachmann and other Swiss Guards were being tried before the official Tribunal of 17 August. The crowd retreated when ordered to clear the room by the presiding judges and Bachmann "passed through their shambles unharmed on his way to the scaffold". [cite book |title=The French Revolution |author=M.J. Sydenham |page=p. 121]

Bachmann was then sentenced to death, and guillotined on the 3 September 1792. He stepped on to the scaffold still wearing the red uniform of the Swiss Guard and his countenance struck those who watched on so much that he was remembered by the French poet Lamartine in one of his works.

The Dying Lion in Lucerne

His name is also engraved on the monument of the "Dying Lion" in Lucerne, by Bertel Thorvaldsen, where he figures as second on the list of the fallen.

External Links and Sources

* [http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/d/D23297.php Karl Josef Anton Leodegar von Bachmann] , "Historical Dictionary of Switzerland"