Last Year at Marienbad

Infobox Film | name = Last Year at Marienbad


caption =
director = Alain Resnais
producer = Pierre Courau
Raymond Froment
writer = Alain Robbe-Grillet
starring = Delphine Seyrig
Giorgio Albertazzi
Sacha Pitoëff
music = Francis Seyrig
cinematography = Sacha Vierny
editing = Jasmine Chasney
Henri Colpi
distributor =
released = flagicon|France June 25, 1961
flagicon|USA March 7, 1962
runtime = 94 min
language = French
budget =
preceded_by =
followed_by =
amg_id = 1:28413
imdb_id = 0054632

"L'année dernière à Marienbad" (translated as "Last Year in Marienbad" in the UK and "Last Year at Marienbad" in North America) is a 1961 French movie directed by Alain Resnais, starring Delphine Seyrig, Giorgio Albertazzi, Sacha Pitoëff. The screenplay is by Alain Robbe-Grillet. [ According to Thomas Beltzer, in Last Year at Marienbad: An Intertextual Meditation (http://www.sensesofcinema.com/contents/00/10/marienbad.html), the film script may have been based in part on "The Invention of Morel," a science fiction novel published in 1940 by the Argentine writer Adolfo Bioy Casares. The "Invention of Morel" is about a fugitive, hiding out alone on a deserted island who one day awakens to discover that the island is miraculously filled with anachronistically dressed people who, according to the text, “dance, stroll up and down, and swim in the pool, as if this were a summer resort like Los Teques or Marienbad." He later learns that they are creations of an inventor, Morel, whose recording machine captured the exact likenesses of a group of friends, which are "played" over and over again.]

It is famous for its enigmatic narrative structure, in which truth and fiction are difficult to distinguish, and the exact temporal and spatial relationship of the events is open to question. The dream-like nature of the film has fascinated and baffled audiences and critics, some hailing it as a masterpiece, others finding it incomprehensible.

Plot

To say the film has a plot is not quite accurate. It depicts the repetitive, almost mathematical interactions of three characters and even at the end of the film, the sequence of events remains unclear. Only the relationship of the three central characters, who remain nameless, is firm.

The film is set at an elite social gathering at a chateau. A man (known only as 'X') approaches a woman (known as 'A') and asks "Didn't we meet at Marienbad last year?" The woman is non-committal and demure. "Didn't you say you would leave your husband and we would run away together?" he asks. Again, she says "No," but they continue to talk as if they perhaps had indeed made plans. When a second man (known as 'M'), who may be A's husband, approaches, the conversation ends somewhat awkwardly and the characters move on.

As the film progresses, the relationship of the characters and the sequence of events is not made clear. Instead images and events such as the conversation above are repeated several times, but in different places in the chateau and its grounds. Several sequences involve the men at the chateau passing the time with various games (such as Nim and target shooting). There are numerous tracking shots of the chateau's corridors, with ambiguous voiceovers.

Production and style

Among the notable images in the film is a scene in which two characters (and the camera) rush out of the chateau and are faced with a tableau of figures arranged in a geometric garden; although the people cast long dramatic shadows, the trees in the garden do not. The dreamlike quality of this image is reminiscent of the works of Max Ernst, Giorgio de Chirico, Yves Tanguy, and Paul Delvaux.Fact|date=March 2007 The effect was created by painting the shadows of the human figures onto the ground.Fact|date=March 2007

Marienbad is a town in the Czech Republic (it is not clear whether the film's setting is meant to be Marienbad or somewhere else). Resnais filmed the scenes within several different chateaux and their grounds, including the Nymphenburg Palace and Schleissheim Palace, both in Bavaria. He edited them together to produce a disorientating space that does not make geographical sense. Some additional footage was shot at an indoor studio.

A's wardrobe was designed by Coco Chanel. [ [http://www.laweekly.com/film+tv/good-rep/alain-resnais-last-year-at-marienbad-returns/18262/ LA Weekly - Film+TV - Alain Resnais' Last Year at Marienbad returns - J. Hoberman - The Essential Online Resource for Los Angeles ] ]

Awards and acclaim

The film was nominated for the 1963 Academy Award for Writing Original Screenplay (Alain Robbe-Grillet), and it won the Golden Lion at the 1961 Venice Film Festival. In 1963 Adonis Kyrou declared the film a total triumph in his influential "Le Surréalisme au Cinéma" (p.206), recognizing the ambiguous environment and obscure motives within the film as representing many of the concerns of surrealism in narrative cinema.

Less reverently, Harry Medved (with Randy Dreyfuss and Michael Medved) accorded the film an entry in "The Fifty Worst Films of All Time". It was also the subject of a satire by Vic Morrow.

Influence

Peter Greenaway has acknowledged the formative influence of "Last Year at Marienbad" upon his oeuvre, and went as far as recruiting the film's cinematographer, Sacha Vierny, in a number of his projects. The film's style has influenced the look of several commercials (including those in the late 1980s for Calvin Klein 's Obsession) and the music video for "To the End" by the British rock band Blur, which is a direct pastiche of the film.

"Last Year at Marienbad" also forms a thematic basis for "Marienbad My Love," a novel about a cinematographer who commits himself to creating a science-fiction-themed tribute to the film. The book, by Mark Leach, incorporates prose that reflects some of the narration and dialogue of the film. [ [http://www.filmstew.com/showArticle.aspx?ContentID=17399 / Making a Mess of Marienbad]

References

ee also

* Cutting on action

Further reading

*Ado Kyrou, "Le Surréalisme au Cinéma" (Paris: Le Terrain Vague, 1963)
*Jean-Louis Leutrat, "L'Année dernière à Marienbad" (London: British Film Institute, 2000)

External links

*imdb title|id=0054632|title=Last Year at Marienbad
* [http://www.film-philosophy.com/vol9-2005/n39shapiro.html Review of Jean-Louis Leutrat, "L'Année dernière à Marienbad"]

###@@@KEY@@@###succession box
title=Golden Lion winner
years=1961
before="Le Passage du Rhin"
after="Ivan's Childhood"
tied with "Family Diary"