The Shell Grotto

There is also a Shell Grotto in Margate.

The Shell Grotto (sometimes called the Shell Hermitage) is a late 18th century stone built, slate roofed grotto decorated with shells and animal bones on the interior. It stands on a prominent ridge 700 ft above sea level, within the boundary Pontypool Park, Torfaen in South Wales. It is considered to be the best surviving grotto in Wales. It is an important local landmark commanding fantastic views south towards the Severn Estuary. A little further along the same ridge can be found the Folly Tower.

History

The precise age of the building is unknown but it was originally built by the Hanbury family (local ironmasters and original owners of the Pontypool Park estate) as a summerhouse. The basic construction of local red sandstone and conical stone tiled roof is thought to have been built around the time John Hanbury’s death in 1784.

The grotto has a fan vaulted roof (with six fans rising from six pillars) and the interior is covered with thousands of shells interspersed with minerals and real stalactites. The floor incorporates animal bones and teeth forming circles, stars and diamonds.

During the early 1800s John’s son, Capel Hanbury Leigh, undertook extensive renovations of the family house and park’s grounds. It is thought that Molly, wife of Capel Hanbury Leigh, was responsible for interior shell decoration.

There is no direct evidence that the shell interior was Molly’s invention, but it is known that she was an avid collector of shells. The shell decoration within grottoes was common during the 19th century and it follows that Molly may have followed the trend and begun the work to place the shells in the grotto.

The Hanbury family used the grotto for picnics during nearby shoots throughout the 19th century. During 1882 the then Prince of Wales (later Edward VII), is said to have picnicked at the grotto during a shoot.

Restoration

During the 20th century the grotto began to fall into a state of disrepair and by the early 1990s the building was beginning to suffer from the elements as well as vandals. The roof of the grotto had collapsed, and some of the outer walls were beginning to crumble. Public access to the grotto was stopped during the 1970s.

Without renovation the grotto could have been lost totally. Initial reviews of the cost of renovating the property were very high and the local council sought external financial assistance to match their own budget.

Although some minor restoration to the roof was undertaken in January 1992, the grotto continued to suffer and the external walls were quickly becoming a major issue. It was during [1992 and 1993 that the intervention of the Welsh Heritage Authority, Cadw, and the European Regional Development Fund, that enough donations were secured to cover complete restoration of the building.

The exterior of the building was restored over eight months during 1993 and 1994 which included repairs to damaged stone work, renovation of the chimney, roof timber replacement, a new roof, a replacement door and new windows and shutters.

The summer of 1994 saw completion of the exterior work, at a cost of £75,000. Although the exterior was now complete the magnificent shell interior was in complete disarray, due mainly to the incursion of the elements, the collapsed roof and vandals. It was also the case that the maintenance had also caused some internal deterioration.

1995 kicked off with a campaign to raise funds to match the local council’s resources to restore to former glories the interior of the grotto. Donations were secured once again from Cadw and from the Heritage Lottery Fund in Wales.

Restoration of the shell interior commenced in 1996 and a specialist team of conservators (St Blaise Ltd.) did the restoration of the intricate plaster and shell work. Repairs to the ceiling, pillars, walls and floors was a slow process taking four months to complete.

A detailed photographic record had been taken of the shell interior some years earlier and this was valuable in ensuring that the repairs were true to character. Many of the shells and minerals that had been dislodged had been stored away and these, together with replacement material, were used in the careful restoration process. British shells provide the majority of the shells used and include mussels, cockles, periwinkles and limpets, accompanied by a few examples of exotic species such as pearl oyster, conch and cowrie.

The restoration of one of the finest shell grottoes in Wales was completed in December 1996, enabling residents and visitors to Pontypool to once again visit this magnificent hilltop Grotto and enjoy the splendour of the shell interior and the panoramic views.The placing of the shells and the reinstatement of new roof work was an art in itself and was very much left to the skill of the conservator. To create patterns which worked well into the existing designs, and to entwine the ivy in between the minerals and round the door post so they looked as if it had grown and invaded the building was a great challenge but ultimately extremely successful.The root work around walls and ceiling was riddled with worm. To stabilise these almost hollow structures a resin and solvent mixture was painstakingly injected into the holes with a hypodermic needle. When the solvent evaporated the resin hardened making the whole root solid.

The rustic chairs were carefully restored by piecing in new segments which were missing, repairing broken sections, and scraping back layers of modern paint. The chairs had originally been painted, the dull green colour being analysed under the microscope and dated to the middle 19th Century. With the new pieces of wood needing to be painted, it was decided to repaint all chairs in a specially mixed colour to match the original.

Access & opening times

Visiting the grotto involves a steep climb over uneven ground so access can be difficult.

The grotto is open May to September - Saturdays, Sundays and Bank Holidays - 14:00 - 17:00For further information on the Shell Grotto, contact the Pontypool Park Manager on 01495 764688

References

* Pontypool Museum "The Shell Grotto - Pontypool Park".

External Links

* [http://www.torfaen.gov.uk/ServiceDirectory/Services/ShellGrotto.aspx Information on Shell Grotto from Torfaen Borough County]
* [http://www.insidethebirdhouse.co.uk/Insidethebirdhouse/Shell%20Grotto.html Photographs of the interior of the grotto]