England v United States (1950)

On 29 June 1950, at the 1950 FIFA World Cup in Brazil, the United States defeated England 1–0 in a group match. This unexpected result has led to the match being described as the "Miracle on Grass",^[1] in reference to the 1980 Miracle on Ice, in which the US ice hockey team beat the Soviet Union.^[2][3] The match was played in Belo Horizonte at Estádio Independência. The game and the U.S. team were profiled by author Geoffrey Douglas in his book The Game of Their Lives, which was made into a film of the same name (later renamed as The Miracle Match).

Background

At the time, the English considered themselves the "Kings of Football", with a post-war record of 23 wins, 4 losses, and 3 draws. They had beaten the Italians 4–0 and the Portuguese 10–0 in Lisbon two weeks before that. Conversely, the Americans had lost their last seven international matches (including the 1934 World Cup and 1948 Summer Olympics) by the combined score of 45–2, including losses to Italy (7–1), Norway (11–0) and Northern Ireland (5–0). The odds were 3–1 the English would win the Cup, and 500–1 for the U.S.^[4]

England had Stanley Matthews available, who was widely considered one of the best players in the world at the time, but he had not played with the English team in the three international matches prior to the World Cup (in fact, he had joined the team late, having been touring Canada as part of another group of English internationals). As such, the selection committee (consisting entirely of Arthur Drewry, then president of the English/Wales Football League and later the president of FIFA), opted to stay with the team that had just defeated Chile. As there were no substitutes allowed in those days, Matthews watched the game with the other reserves.

The American team consisted of semi-professional players, most of whom had other jobs to support their families. Walter Bahr was a high school teacher, Frank Borghi drove a hearse for his uncle's funeral parlor,^[5] and others worked as mail carriers or dishwashers.^[6] The team had also been hastily assembled, and had only been able to train together once, and that was the day before they left for Brazil, which happened to be against the touring English team featuring Matthews.^[7] Three players—Joe Maca, Ed McIlvenny, and Joe Gaetjens—were added to the roster just prior to that game.^[8] "We have no chance," recently-appointed coach Bill Jeffrey told the press.^[9]

England and the U.S. were in Group 2 of the first round robin, along with Spain and Chile.

First half

England won the toss and elected to kick off. Within ninety seconds, Stanley Mortensen sent a cross from the left wing to Roy Bentley, who let off a shot that was barely pushed aside by U.S. goalkeeper Frank Borghi. By the twelfth minute, England had six clear shots on goal but could not convert, with two shots hitting the post, one just going over the top, and another brilliantly saved by Borghi.

The U.S. struggled to move to the offense, and finally managed a shot on goal in the twenty-fifth minute, which was blocked by English goalkeeper Bert Williams. The English counterattacked with three successive clear shots at the goal in minutes 30, 31, and 32, but failed to score. Mortensen twice went over the crossbar, and Tom Finney's header to the top corner was tipped away by Borghi.

In the thirty-seventh minute, Bahr took a long shot from twenty-five yards out, but as Williams moved to his right to intercept, Gaetjens dived headlong and grazed the ball enough to put it to the left of the English goalkeeper, whose momentum prevented him from changing direction, and into the back of the net. The crowd exploded as the U.S. improbably led 1–0. As the half drew to a close, Finney had a chance to tie the score, but the whistle blew before he could shoot.

Second half

With renewed confidence, the U.S. played tougher as the second half opened, creating another scoring opportunity in the 54th minute. In the 59th minute England was awarded a direct free kick but Mortensen's shot was well saved by Borghi. But England began threatening again, and it was fifteen minutes before the Americans were able to get another shot. With eight minutes left, Charlie Colombo brought down Mortensen with an illegal tackle at the edge of the penalty area. England pleaded for a penalty kick, but the referee ruled it was outside the box. On the resulting free kick, Jimmy Mullen headed the ball for what he thought was a goal, failing to notice that Borghi had tipped it away at the last second, denying the English the chance to tie the game.

England had no more chances on goal and the game ended in victory for the U.S. team.

According to the official history of the English Football Association, American newspapermen reported that England scored two legitimate goals—shots that clearly passed beyond the goal line—but were not given as goals.^[10]

Remaining matches

England lost their next match and failed to qualify for the Final Round, finishing the First Round with a record of 1–0–2.

The U.S. lost their next match 5–2, versus Chile, ending their 1950 World Cup run with a First Round record of 1–0–2. They would not qualify for the World Cup again until 1990.

Spain advanced from Group 2 of the First Round, finishing last in next/Final Round. Uruguay won the 1950 World Cup.

John Souza, the U.S. inside right forward, was selected to the World Cup All-Star team by the Brazilian sports newspaper Mundo Esportivo, and remained the only American player selected to a World Cup All-Star team until Claudio Reyna in 2002.^[11]

Aftermath

Newspaper headlines in most World Cup nations trumpeted the shocking upset, except in the United States and England.

There was only one American journalist even at the World Cup: Dent McSkimming of the St. Louis Post-Dispatch, who could not get the newspaper to pay for the trip, and had taken time off work to cover the event.^[12] His report of the match was the only one to appear in any major American newspaper.^[13]

In England, newspapers at the time were generally small, and only had a single page devoted to sports. Because the English cricket team happened to suffer their first-ever defeat to the West Indies the very same day, that was the major story in most publications.^[11] However, in publications that did report the World Cup match, so unexpected was the result that it was presumed that the 1–0 scoreline was a typing error and so it was reported that England had won on a scoreline of 10–0 or 10–1.^[14]

Afterwards, a number of books and newspapers in England suggested that the U.S. team had arrived "through Ellis Island", meaning that the team was made up of imported players, but eight of the starting eleven were American-born. The other three, Gaetjens, McIlvenny, and Maca, were not U.S. citizens but had declared their intentions to gain citizenship and according to the rules of the United States Soccer Football Association at the time were allowed to play. The U.S. was cleared of any wrongdoing by FIFA in a hearing on 2 December 1950.^[11]

England's blue kit, which had made its debut in this match, was never worn again.^[15] Walter Bahr erroneously notes that England has never had a blue kit since then,^[16] but a blue away kit was worn again in 1959 during a 1–4 loss to Peru.^[17]

The United States and England did not play another World Cup match against each other until the 2010 FIFA World Cup, which ended in a 1–1 draw.

The match

29 June 1950 18:00 BRT	United States	1 – 0	England	Estádio Independência, Belo Horizonte Attendance: 10,000 Referee: Generoso Dattilo (Italy)
	Gaetjens  38'	Report

United States

England

UNITED STATES: GK Frank Borghi DF Harry Keough DF Joe Maca MF Walter Bahr MF Ed McIlvenny (c)[N 1] MF Charlie Colombo FW Frank Wallace FW Gino Pariani FW Joe Gaetjens FW John Souza FW Ed Souza Manager: William Jeffrey

ENGLAND: GK Bert Williams DF Alf Ramsey DF John Aston DF Billy Wright (c) MF Laurie Hughes MF Jimmy Dickinson FW Wilf Mannion FW Tom Finney FW Jimmy Mullen FW Stan Mortensen FW Roy Bentley Manager: Walter Winterbottom

Quotations

• Wilf Mannion: "Bloody ridiculous. Can't we play them again tomorrow?"^[18]
• Harry Keough: "Boy, I feel sorry for these bastards. How are they ever going to live down the fact we beat them?"^[1]
• Harry Keough: "They developed the game. And us coming in and beating them had to be a blow to them."^[19]

Footnotes

1. ^ Although Bahr was the normal captain, McIlvenny was selected for the role "because he was British".^[11]

Further reading

• Douglas, Geoffery (1996). The Game of Their Lives. New York: Henry Holt and Company. ISBN 0-8050-3875-2. 

References

1. ^ ^{a b} Lewis, Michael (August 2000). "Miracle on Grass". Soccer Digest. Archived from the original on 2009-06-29. http://web.archive.org/web/20090629144426/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0FCN/is_3_23/ai_63917331/. Retrieved 2009-06-24. 
2. ^ "England v USA". London: The Independent. 2008-05-27. http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/england-v-usa-834996.html?ino=1. Retrieved 2009-06-24. 
3. ^ Biderman, David (June 24, 2009). "Beating Spain Would Be Another U.S. ‘Miracle’". The Wall Street Journal. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970204621904574246780066743714.html. Retrieved 2009-06-24. 
4. ^ Douglas, p. 5
5. ^ Douglas, p. 14
6. ^ Lopez, Tobias (22 February 2004). "Walter Bahr remembers". Archived from the original on 29 May 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20060529025748/http://ussoccerplayers.com/exclusives/469509.html. 
7. ^ Wangerin, David (2008). Soccer in a Football World: The Story of America's Forgotten Game. Temple University Press. p. 110. ISBN 1592138853. http://books.google.com/?id=sNAOW7iGJE8C&pg=PA176-IA3&dq=ed+mcilvenny&cd=1#v=onepage&q=ed%20mcilvenny. 
8. ^ Schaerlaeckens, Leander (February 26, 2010). "Chasing Gaetjens". ESPNsoccernet. http://soccernet.espn.go.com/world-cup/story/_/id/4937012/ce/us/real-story-1950-world-cup-hero?cc=5901&ver=us. Retrieved 2010-02-26. 
9. ^ Douglas, p. 16
10. ^ England: The Official F.A. History, Niall Edworthy, Virgin Publishers, 1997, ISBN 1-85227-699-1.^{[page needed]}
11. ^ ^{a b c d} Jose, Colin. "The Real Story about the 1950 U.S. World Cup Team". National Soccer Hall of Fame. http://national.soccerhall.org/ColinJose/The%20Real%20Story%20about%20the%201950%20U.S.%20World%20Cup%20Team.htm. 
12. ^ Douglas, p. 4
13. ^ Douglas, p. 141
14. ^ Wheelock, Sean (8 May 2002). "States of euphoria". BBC. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport3/worldcup2002/low/team_pages/usa/newsid_1964000/1964700.stm. Retrieved 2008-10-13. 
15. ^ "England's Blue kit 1950". England Football Online. 28 February 2009. http://www.englandfootballonline.com/teamunif/Unif1950A.html. Retrieved 2010-05-31. 
16. ^ "US-England rematch evokes spirit of 1950 Cup shocker". Agence France-Presse. May 27, 2010. http://sport.id.msn.com/world-cup-2010/article.aspx?cp-documentid=4113254. Retrieved 2010-05-31. ^{[dead link]}
17. ^ "England's Away Kit 1959". England Football Online. 28 February 2009. http://www.englandfootballonline.com/teamunif/Unif1958A.html. Retrieved 2010-05-31. 
18. ^ Winter, Henry (2001-02-01). "Hammers in profit with no loss of principle". Daily Telegraph. http://www.unison.ie/irish_independent/stories.php3?ca=94&si=354980&issue_id=3846.  (registration required)
19. ^ Carter, Kelley (June 8, 2010). "Harry Keough was there when U.S. played England". ESPN. http://espn.go.com/espn/page2/index?id=5268654. Retrieved 3 October 2011.