Barthélemy Faujas de Saint-Fond

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He rose to be president of the seneschal's court in Montélimar (1765), where he acquitted himself with distinction. However, he became disenchanted with law and wished to pursue his love of nature that had begun earlier in his life. His favorite pastime was visiting the mountain regions in the Alps and Massif Central. There be began to study the forms, structure, composition and superposition of rocks.

In 1775 in the Velay he discovered a rich deposit of pozzuolana, that was eventually mined by the government. In 1776 he established a relationship with Buffon, who recognised the value of his scientific efforts immediately. Invited by Buffon to Paris, Faujas ceased his legal work and was appointed assistant naturalist to the natural history museum by Louis XVI. Later, he was appointed royal commissioner for mines.

One of his most important works was "Recherches sur les volcans éteints du Vivarais et du Velay", which appeared in 1778. This publication documented his astute observations allowing Faujas to develop a theory about the origin of volcanoes. In his capacity of commissioner for mines Faujas travelled to most European countries where he closely observed the natural environment and the rock formations. Faujas was the first to recognize the volcanic nature of the basaltic columns of Fingal's Cave, on Staffa. The island was visited in 1772 by Sir Joseph Banks, who remarked that the stone was a coarse kind of basalt, very much resembling the Giant's Causeway in Ireland as noted in (Pennant's "Tour in Scotland and Voyage to the Hebrides"). Faujas' "Voyage en Angleterre, en Écosse et aux Îles Hébrides" (1787) contains anecdotes about Sir Joseph Banks and Dr. John Whitehurst, including an amusing account of "The Dinner of an Academic Club" (the Royal Society), which was translated into English (2 vols., 1799).

In 1785, Faujas was named king's commissioner to factories, armories, and royal forests. This brought a salary of 4,000 livres, and 2,000 livres for travelling expenses, in addition to his 6,000 livres for the assistant naturalist post.

Faujas was appointed the first professor of geology at the Jardin des Plantes in 1793, a post he held until he was nearly eighty years of age. He retired in 1818 to the estate of Saint-Fond in Dauphiné. Faujas had a keen interest in the balloon experiments of the Montgolfier brothers, and published the very complete 2 volume work, "Description des expériences de la machine aérostatique de MM. Montgolfier, &c." (1783, 1784). He also contributed many scientific memoirs to the "Annales" and the "Mémoires" of the museum of natural history. Among his other works are: "Histoire naturelle de la province de Dauphiné" (1787, 1782), "Minéralogie des volcans" (1784), and "Essai de géologie" (1803–1809).

The mineral faujasite is named after him

References

* [http://num-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/view/authors/Faujas_de_Saint-Fond,_Barth=E9lemy.html Digitized books by Faujas at the Universities of Strasbourg] .
* [http://international.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?intldl/ascfrbib:@OR(@field(NUMBER+@od2(rbfr+0082))) "Description des Expériences de la Machine Aérostatique" at the Library of Congress] .
*1911
* [http://www.annales.org/archives/x/faujas.html Biography at "Annales des Mines" (French)]