34th Infantry Regiment (United States)

Infobox Military Unit
unit_name= 34th Infantry Regiment


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dates= 1916-
country= United States
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branch= U.S. Army
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nickname= Leyte Dragons
patron=
motto="Toujours en Avant" (Always Forward)
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battles=World War I
World War II
Korean War
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notable_commanders= Aubrey S. 'Red' Newman
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identification_symbol_label=Distinctive Unit Insignia
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identification_symbol_2_label=US Regiments
previous=33rd Infantry Regiment
next=35th Infantry Regiment

The 34th Infantry Regiment (nickname 'Leyte Dragons') is a Regular Army infantry regiment of the United States Army. It saw combat in World War I, in the Pacific Theater of Operations in World War II, and was the first full American regiment deployed in combat in the Korean War. The 1st and 3rd Battalions of the 34th are now basic training formations attached to the 165th Infantry Brigade at Fort Jackson, South Carolina.

Predecessors

There was a 34th Infantry Regiment in the War of 1812, constituted on 29 January 1813 by enrolling several militia companies from Maine (then Massachusetts) into regular service. [cite news | last = Close | first = Dean | title = War of 1812 vet finally honored | work = Cedar Valley Times | date = 2005-02-28 | url = http://www.iagenweb.org/benton/news/cedar_valley_times.htm | accessdate = 2008-08-20] This regiment served under General George Izard on the Lake Champlain frontier. [cite web | last = Millard | first = James P. | title = Lake Champlain, Lake George and Richelieu River History Timeline, Part VII(a)–The War and its Aftermath: 1814 and Beyond | url = http://www.historiclakes.org/Timelines/timeline7.html | accessdate = 2008-08-20] In October 1815 it was consolidated into the Regiment of Light Artillery.

At the outbreak of the American Civil War, Congress increased the Regular Army by authorizing the creation of nine new, three-battalion infantry regiments. After the war, the battalions of those regiments were reorganized as separate regiments. The 3rd Battalion, 16th Infantry became the 34th Infantry Regiment on 21 September 1866. In 1869 Congress reduced the peacetime army from 41 infantry regiments to 25. The 34th and 11th Regiments were consolidated on 6 April to form the current 16th Infantry Regiment.

Origins; World War I; interwar period

The current 34th Infantry Regiment was organized at El Paso, Texas on 15 July 1916, four months into the Punitive Expedition into Mexico led by Major General John J. Pershing. The 34th's original cadre was drawn from the 7th, 20th and 23rd regiments. The regiment was assigned to border patrol and National Guard training duties.

With the American entry into World War I in April 1917 the Army expanded and shifted to preparation for war in Europe. The 34th was assigned to the 7th Division, which arrived in France on 27 August 1918. On 9 October the division went into line in Lorraine with the 34th on its left. It saw significant action in the Puvenelle sector before the armistice on 11 November. With the rest of the division, the 34th then took up occupation duty in Germany during negotiations of the Treaty of Versailles. The regiment returned to the United States in June 1919.

In the 1920s and 1930s, the 34th Infantry was based at Fort George G. Meade, Maryland, where it served as the Army's first testbed motorized infantry regiment.

On 28 July 1932 regular forces were assembled in Washington, D.C. under the direct command of the Army Chief of Staff, General Douglas MacArthur, to break up the Bonus Army, a protest group largely made up of unemployed World War I veterans seeking pensions from the Herbert Hoover administration. A battalion of the 34th was in reserve while the main action wss conducted by the 3rd Cavalry and 12th Infantry. [cite book | last = Laurie | first = Clayton D. | coauthors = Cole, Ronald H. | title = The Role of Federal Military Forces in Domestic Disorders, 1877-1945 | publisher = DIANE Publishing | date = 1999 | page = 379 | isbn = 0788177478]

World War II

On 15 July 1940, following maneuvers in Tennessee in which the 1st Battalion had served as a tank battalion, cadre from the 34th Infantry formed the 70th Tank Battalion, now the 70th Armor Regiment. [cite book | last = Jensen | first = Marvin | title = Strike Swiftly: The 70th Tank Battalion from North Africa to Normandy to Germany | publisher = Presidio Press | date = 1997 | pages = 7-8 ] That same month, the 34th was attached to the 8th Infantry Division when that unit was activated at Fort Jackson. [cite book | title = "These are My Credentials!": The Story of the 8th Infantry Division, 1798-1944 |publisher = Stars & Stripes | date = 1944 | url = http://www.lonesentry.com/gi_stories_booklets/8thinfantry/index.html | accessdate = 2008-08-20] The 34th was designated the outstanding regiment of the Carolina Maneuvers of 1941.

In November 1941 the regiment was detached from 8th Division and assigned to the Philippine Department to reinforce the islands, as the prospects of war with Japan increased. The 34th was at San Francisco awaiting embarkation on 7 December when the attack on Pearl Harbor brought the United States into the war. [cite web | last = Yarnall | first = Paul R. | title = Locations of the United States Army December 7 1941 | publisher = NavSource Naval History | date = 2003-11 | url = http://www.navsource.org/Naval/usarmy.htm | accessdate = 2008-08-20] The regiment was reassigned to the Hawaiian Department and its convoy rerouted to Oahu, where it arrived on 21 December. The 34th was put in department reserve and assigned to the defense of the island.

On 12 June 1943 the 34th was assigned to the 24th Infantry Division, replacing the 298th Infantry, a Hawaiian National Guard unit that had been severely depleted the previous year when its ethnic Japanese soldiers were reassigned to the 100th Infantry Battalion (Separate). In September the division shipped out to Australia for training.

The 34th served as division reserve during the Operation Reckless landings at Tanahmerah Bay, Netherlands New Guinea on 22 April 1944. The regiment was brought ashore and assisted in mopping-up operations around the Hollandia airdrome.

In early June the 34th was attached to the 41st Infantry Division, whose assault on Biak Island was meeting unexpected resistance. A two-day assault by the 34th captured Sorido and Brooke airdromes, major objectives in the campaign.

Three 34th Infantry soldiers received the Medal of Honor for service in World War II, all posthumously:
* †Captain Francis B. Wai, Leyte, 20 October 1944 [cite web | title = Asian American Medal of Honor Recipients Inducted into Pentagon Hall of Heroes | publisher = Army Public Affairs | url = http://www4.army.mil/ocpa/read.php?story_id_key=1803 | accessdate = 2008-05-19]
* Private Harold H. Moon, Jr., Leyte, 21 October 1944
* Sergeant Charles E. Mower, Capoacan, Leyte, 3 November 1944

† Wai originally received the Distinguished Service Cross. It was upgraded to the MOH during a 1998 review of war records of Asian-American and Pacific Islander soldiers.

Campaign credits

*World War I
**Lorraine
*World War II
**New Guinea
**Leyte (with arrowhead)
**Luzon
**Southern Philippines
*Korean War
**United Nations Defensive
**United Nations Summer-Fall Offensive
**Korea Summer-Fall 1953

ee also

*Aubrey Newman
*Battle of Corregidor (1945)
*Battle of Leyte
*Battle of Pusan Perimeter
*William F. Dean

Notes

References

* [http://www.jackson.army.mil/165thBDE/index.htm 165th Infantry Brigade website]
*cite web | title = 34th Regimental History | publisher = 1st Battalion, 34th Infantry Regiment | url = http://www.jackson.army.mil/134/history.htm | accessdate = 2008-08-20
*cite web | last = US Armed Forces Far East Command | first = Military History Section HQ | title = 3rd Battalion, 34th Infantry Regiment History | publisher = 3rd Battalion, 34th Infantry Regiment | url = http://www.jackson.army.mil/334/history.htm | accessdate = 2008-08-20

External links

* [http://www.history.army.mil/art/P-P/USAIA/Follow.htm Prints and Posters: The U.S. Army in Action–"Follow me!"]