César Gaviria

This name uses Spanish naming customs; the first or paternal family name is Gaviria and the second or maternal family name is Trujillo.

César Gaviria
César Gaviria in 2009.
7th Secretary General of the Organization of American States
In office 15 September 1994 – 15 September 2004
Preceded by	João Clemente Baena Soares
Succeeded by	Miguel Ángel Rodríguez Echeverría
36th President of Colombia
In office 7 August 1990 – 7 August 1994
Preceded by	Virgilio Barco Vargas
Succeeded by	Ernesto Samper Pizano
Colombian Minister of Government
In office May 1987 – February 1989
President	Virgilio Barco Vargas
Preceded by	Fernando Cepeda Ulloa
Succeeded by	Raúl Orejuela Bueno
Colombian Minister of Finance and Public Credit
In office 7 August 1986 – May 1987
President	Virgilio Barco Vargas
Preceded by	Hugo Palacios Mejía
Succeeded by	Luis Fernando Alarcón Mantilla
Member of the Chamber of Representatives of Colombia
In office 20 July 1974 – 20 July 1986
Constituency	Risaralda Department
President of the Chamber of Representatives of Colombia
In office 20 July 1984 – 20 July 1985
Preceded by	Hernando Gómez Otálora
Succeeded by	Daniel Mazuera Gómez
Personal details
Born	César Augusto Gaviria Trujillo March 31, 1947 (1947-03-31) (age 64) Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
Nationality	Colombian
Political party	Liberal
Spouse(s)	Ana Milena Muñoz de Gaviria
Children	Simón Gaviria Muñoz María Paz Gaviria Muñoz
Alma mater	University of the Andes
Occupation	Politician, economist
Religion	Roman Catholic

César Gaviria Trujillo (born March 31, 1947) is a Colombian politician and a Latin American statesman. He served as President of Colombia from 1990 to 1994, and Secretary General of the Organization of American States from 1994 until 2004.

Biography

Early life

Born in Pereira, Gaviria has been an important figure in Colombian politics for over 30 years. He was first elected to Congress in 1974. He served in Virgilio Barco's government, first as minister of finance and later as minister of the interior.

As a student, Gaviria spent a year as an exchange student in the United States with AFS Intercultural Programs.

Before entering politics, he studied at Universidad de los Andes in the 1960s. He established AIESEC there, and then in 1968 he was elected President of AIESEC in Colombia. This began his public service career.

At 23 he was elected councilman of his hometown in Pereira. Four years later he became the city's mayor. In 1974 he was elected into the Chamber of Representatives, of which he was president in the 1984-985 period. Three years later he became co-chair of the Colombian Liberal Party.

He was the debate chief of Luis Carlos Galán during Galan's 1989 presidential campaign, which was cut short by Galan's assesination. After this tragedy, Gaviria was then proclaimed as Galan's political successor.

Presidency

In 1990 he was elected President of Colombia for the Liberal Party. During his government a new constitution was adopted in 1991. As president, Gaviria also led the fight against the Cali drugs cartel and various guerrilla factions.

Under his presidency, the prison La Catedral was built under Pablo Escobar's specifications and Pablo Escobar was imprisoned there, where Escobar continued to control his drug empire, judging and killing inside the prison several crime partners. On July 20, 1992, Pablo Escobar fled the prison after learning that he was going to be moved to a different prison. On December 2, 1993, the notorious drug lord was gunned down by Colombian police, a triumph for the Gaviria administration.

Secretary General of the OAS

Cesar Gaviria heading the OAS session (left) and then US Secretary of State, Colin Powell.

In 1994, Gaviria was elected Secretary General of the OAS (his period beginning after the end of his presidential term in August 1994). Reelected in 1999, he worked extensively on behalf of Latin America. Between October 2002 and May 2003, he served personally as international facilitator of the OAS mesa process aimed at finding a solution to the internal Venezuelan political crisis between President Hugo Chávez and the Coordinadora Democrática opposition, moving to Caracas for six months to do so.^[1]

Adviser and scholar

After leaving the OAS Gaviria became a founding partner at the international advisory firm The Otun Group, located in New York City providing political risk and strategic advice to corporations, investment professionals and individuals with operations and investments in Latin America.

At the same time Columbia University appointed Gaviria as a Senior Research Scholar for both the School of International and Public Affairs, SIPA and Columbia Business School, where he advised students on topics related to the Western Hemisphere.

Current

Returning to Colombia in early 2005 after several visits in late 2004, Gaviria once again became active in politics, and was proclaimed as the sole chief of the Colombian Liberal Party in June 2005.

On April 27, 2006, his sister Liliana Gaviria was killed by unknown gunmen. Apparently Liliana was coming home in her car when several people in a red Mazda 626 intercepted her and her bodyguard. It is believed that the gunmen tried to kidnap her and in an exchange of fire with the bodyguard she received a shot to her heart (through the abdomen). Her body, which also presented a head bruise, was recovered 3 kilometers away from her house alongside a car. President Álvaro Uribe has offered 1,000,000,000 pesos (around 350,000 euros, or 500,000 USD) for any information regarding the location of the persons responsible for her death.

Colombia's four failed peace talks[1]
Year	President	Ended because
1982-1985	Belisario Betancur	Most Supreme Court Justices were killed when M-19 commandos and the Army fought for control of the building
1986-1990	Virgilio Barco Vargas	FARC ambush killed 26 soldiers in Caquetá
1990-1992	César Gaviria Trujillo	FARC attack on the Senate President. FARC kidnapping and killing of an ex-cabinet member.
1998-2002	Andrés Pastrana Arango	FARC kidnapping of Senator

Gaviria is a member of the Club of Madrid,^[2] an independent non-profit organization composed of 81 democratic former Presidents and Prime Ministers from 57 different countries.

In addition President Gaviria has been involved in activities related to the seas and was featured recently on Vanity Fair Magazine as a member of the NGO Oceana. In Colombia, Gaviria is well known as an art collector, and some years ago, opened his gallery Nueveochenta in Bogotá.

Notes

1. ^ "Why did the Colombia Peace Process Fail?" (PDF). The Tabula Rasa Institute. http://www.trinstitute.org/ojpcr/5_1azcarate.pdf. Retrieved 2006-02-26.  [PDF file]

Sources

1. ^ Andrew F. Cooper, and Thomas Legler (2005), "A Tale of Two Mesas: The OAS Defense of Democracy in Peru and Venezuela," Global Governance 11(4)
2. ^ The Club of Madrid is an independent non-profit organization composed of 81 democratic former Presidents and Prime Ministers from 57 different countries. It constitutes the world´s largest forum of former Heads of State and Government, who have come together to respond to a growing demand for support among leaders in democratic leadership, governance, crisis and post-crisis situations. All lines of work share the common goal of building functional and inclusive societies, where the leadership experience of the members is most valuable.

• Biography in Spanish by Fundación CIDOB

Diplomatic posts
Preceded by João Clemente Baena Soares	Secretary General of the Organization of American States 1994-2004	Succeeded by Miguel Ángel Rodríguez

Persondata
Name	Gaviria, Cesar
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	March 31, 1947
Place of birth	Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
Date of death
Place of death