Lunatic

Lunatic

A lunatic (colloquially: "looney" or "loon") is a commonly used term for a person who is mentally ill, dangerous, foolish or unpredictable: a condition once called lunacy.

Linguistic roots

The word "lunatic" is borrowed from Latin "lunaticus", which gains its stem from "luna" for moon, which denotes the traditional link made in folklore between madness and the phases of the moon. This probably refers to the symptoms of cyclic mood disorders such as bipolar disorder or cyclothymia, the symptoms of which may also go through phases. As yet there no evidence whatsoever for any causal link between phases of the moon and the progression of mood disorder symptoms. Correlation has been observed in distant parts.

Mental institutions used to be called "lunatic asylums" or colloquially, "loony bins".

In Russian, Polish and Czech, a lunatic refers to a sleepwalker, literally "one who walks under the moon" or "moon walker".

In Romanian, a word with the meaning of "lunatic" is "zănatic", derived from Latin "dianaticus", from Diana, the Roman goddess of the Moon." [http://dexonline.ro/search.php?cuv=zanatic zănatic] " at "Dicţionarul explicativ al limbii române", Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică "Iorgu Iordan", Editura Univers Enciclopedic, 1998.]

Lunar hypothesis

In a 1999 Journal of Affective Disorders article, a hypothesis was suggested indicating that the phase of the moon may in the past have had an effect on bipolar patients by providing light during nights which would otherwise have been dark, and affecting susceptible patients through the well-known route of sleep deprivation.Fact|date=May 2008 With the introduction of electric light, this effect would have gone away, as light would be available every night, explaining the negative results of modern studies. They suggest ways in which this hypothesis might be tested.

Use of the term "lunatic" in legislation

In England and Wales the Lunacy Acts 1890 - 1922 referred to lunatics, but the Mental Treatment Act 1930 changed the legal term to "Person of Unsound Mind", an expression which was replaced under the Mental Health Act 1959 by mental illness. "Person of unsound mind" was the term used in 1950 in the English version of the European Convention on Human Rights as one of the types of person who could be deprived of liberty by a judicial process. The 1930 act also replaced Asylum with Mental Hospital. Criminal Lunatics became Broadmoor Patients in 1948 under the National Health Service Act. The terms are still used by journalists, especially in tabloid newspapers.

Lunar Distance

The term "lunatic" was also used by supporters of John Harrison and his marine chronometer method of determining longitude to refer to proponents of the Method of Lunar Distances, advanced by Astronomer Royal Nevil Maskelyne. Fact|date=May 2008

Later, members of the Lunar Society of Birmingham called themselves "lunaticks". In an age with little street lighting, the society met on or about the night of the full moon.Fact|date=May 2008

ee also

* Bedlam
* Mental illness

References

External links

* [http://www.mhsource.com/expert/exp1010504e.html Does the full moon have any effects on mood?] (cites research studies: 2 negative, 1 positive)
* Raison CL, Klein HM, Steckler M. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10363673&dopt=Abstract The moon and madness reconsidered.] "J Affect Disord." 1999 Apr;53(1):99-106
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/kent/6723911.stm Crackdown on lunar-fuelled crime] - BBC News, 5 June 2007


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  • lunatic — LUNÁTIC, Ă, lunatici, ce, adj. 1. (Despre oameni, adesea substantivat) Somnambul. ♦ (Despre somn, privire, mers etc.) De somnambul. ♦ (Rar) Care are vedenii; sperios, fricos. 2. (Rar) Fantastic, halucinant, ireal. ♦ Cu idei ciudate; cu… …   Dicționar Român

  • Lunatic — Lu na*tic, a. [F. lunatique, L. lunaticus, fr. luna the moon. See {Lunar}.] 1. Affected by lunacy; insane; mad; crazy; demented. [1913 Webster] Lord, have mercy on my son; for he is lunatic. Wyclif (Matt. xvii. 15). [1913 Webster] 2. Of or… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • lunatic — lu·na·tic / lü nə tik/ n: an insane person used esp. formerly lunatic adj Merriam Webster’s Dictionary of Law. Merriam Webster. 1996. lunatic …   Law dictionary

  • Lunatic — Lu na*tic, n. A person affected by lunacy; an insane person, esp. one who has lucid intervals; a madman; a person of unsound mind. [1913 Webster] The lunatic, the lover, and the poet, Are of imagination all compact. Shak. [1913 Webster] …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Lunatic — ist eine französische Hip Hop Gruppe aus Hauts de Seine (92). Ihre Mitglieder, Booba (Boulogne Billancourt) und Ali (Issy les Moulineaux) hatten ihr Debüt mit der Single Le crime paie aus dem Sampler Hostile hip hop. Die beiden Rapper beschreiben …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • lunatic — [adj] crazy, mad absurd, baked*, balmy*, bananas*, bonkers*, cracked, crazed, daft, demented, deranged, dippy*, flaky*, flipped out*, foolish, freaked out*, fried*, idiotic, insane, irrational, kooky*, loco, maniac, maniacal, nonsensical, nutty* …   New thesaurus

  • lunatic — adj insane, mad, crazy, crazed, demented, deranged, maniac, non compos mentis …   New Dictionary of Synonyms

  • lunatic — ► NOUN 1) a person who is mentally ill (not in technical use). 2) an extremely foolish person. ORIGIN Latin lunaticus, from luna moon (from the belief that changes of the moon caused intermittent insanity) …   English terms dictionary

  • lunatic — [lo͞o′nə tik] adj. [ME lunatik < OFr lunatique < LL lunaticus, moon struck, crazy < L luna, the moon: see LIGHT1] 1. suffering from lunacy; insane 2. of or characterized by lunacy 3. of or for insane persons 4. utterly foolish n …   English World dictionary

  • Lunatic —  Pour l’article homonyme, voir Lunatic (album).  Lunatic Pays d’origine  France …   Wikipédia en Français

  • lunatic — {{11}}lunatic (adj.) late 13c., affected with periodic insanity, dependent on the changes of the moon, from O.Fr. lunatique, lunage insane, or directly from L.L. lunaticus moon struck, from L. luna moon (see LUNA (Cf. Luna)). Cf. O.E. monseoc… …   Etymology dictionary

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