Lists of office-holders

These are lists of incumbents, i.e. lists of people in various offices and positions,including heads of states or of subnational entities.

A historical discipline, archontology, focuses on the study of past and current incumbents.

Current incumbents may also be found in the countries' articles (main article and "Politics of") and the list of national leaders, recent changes in 2007 in politics, and past leaders on State leaders by year and Colonial governors by year.

Various articles group lists by title, function or topic: e.g. abdication, assassinated persons, cabinet, chancellor, ex-monarchs (20th century), head of government, head of state, lieutenant governor, mayor, military commanders, minister (and ministers by portfolio below), order of precedence, peerage, president, prime minister, Reichstag participants (1792), Secretary of State.

Heads of international organizations

* President of the European Commission
* United Nations Secretary-General
* United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
* International Monetary Fund Managing Directors
* Director-General of the World Trade Organization
* NATO Secretaries General
* FIFA presidents
* International Olympic Committee Presidents

Heads of state or government

Africa

Eastern Africa

* Burundi: Rulers of Burundi
* Comoros:
** Rulers of Comoros
** Sultans on the Comoros
* Djibouti: Rulers of Djibouti
* Eritrea: Rulers of Eritrea
* Ethiopia: Rulers of Ethiopia
* Kenya: Rulers of Kenya
* Madagascar: Rulers of Madagascar
** Monarchs of Madagascar (1787-1897)
** Colonial Heads of Madagascar
** List of Presidents of Madagascar
* Malawi (former Nyasaland, former British Central Africa Protectorate)
** Heads of State of Malawi
** Heads of Government of Malawi
** Colonial Heads of Malawi (Nyasaland)
*** Rulers of Malawi
*** Rulers of Nkamanga
*** Rulers of the Ngoni Dynasty of Jere (Qeko)
*** Rulers of the Ngoni Dynasty of Maseko (Gomani)
* Mauritius
** Governors-General of Mauritius
** Presidents of Mauritius
** Prime Ministers of Mauritius
* Mozambique
** Heads of State of Mozambique
** Heads of Government of Mozambique
** Heads of National Resistance Government of Mozambique
** Colonial Heads of Mozambique
*** Colonial Heads of Delagoa Bay
* Rwanda
** Kings of Rwanda
** Presidents of Rwanda
** Prime Ministers of Rwanda
* Seychelles
** Presidents of Seychelles
* Somalia
** Presidents of Somalia
** Prime Ministers of Somalia
** Presidents of Somaliland
** Presidents of Puntland
* Tanzania
** Presidents of Tanzania
** Prime Ministers of Tanzania
** Presidents of Zanzibar
** Prime Ministers of Zanzibar
*** Governors-General of Tanganyika
*** Presidents of Tanganyika
*** Sultans of Zanzibar
* Uganda
** Governors-General of Uganda
** Presidents of Uganda
** Prime Ministers of Uganda
** Kings of Nkole
** Kings of Buganda
* Zambia
** Presidents of Zambia
* Zimbabwe
** Munhumutapa emperors
** Presidents of Rhodesia
** Presidents of Zimbabwe

Middle Africa

* Angola
** Heads of state of Angola ("see also: "Presidents of Angola "with information specific to that post")
** Heads of government of Angola ("see also: "Prime Minister of Angola "with information specific to that post")
** List of current Angolan ministers
** Colonial heads of Angola
*** Heads of state of Democratic People's Republic of Angola
*** Heads of government of Democratic People's Republic of Angola
*** Heads of state of Cabinda
*** Heads of government of Cabinda
*** Colonial and provincial heads of Cabinda
* Cameroon
** Heads of state of Cameroon
** Heads of government of Cameroon
** Colonial heads of British Cameroon (Cameroons)
*** Heads of government of British Cameroon (Cameroons)
*** Colonial heads of French Cameroon (Cameroun)
*** Heads of government of French Cameroon (Cameroun)
*** Colonial heads of German Cameroon (Kamerun)
*** Colonial heads of Ambas Bay (Victoria Colony)
*** Rulers of Bamoun (Mum)
*** Rulers of Mandara
* Central African Republic
** Heads of state of the Central African Republic (and Central African Empire)
** Heads of government of the Central African Republic (and Central African Empire)
** Colonial heads of Central Africa (Oubangui-Chari)
* Chad
** Heads of state of Chad
** Heads of government of Chad
** Colonial heads of Chad
*** Rulers of Baguirmi
*** Rulers of Wada’i
** Kanem-Bornu emperors, see "Kanem-Bornu Empire"
* Congo, Democratic Republic of the (Zaire/'Congo-Kinshasa')
** Heads of state of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
** Heads of government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
** Heads of state of the Congo Free State
** Colonial heads of Congo
*** Rulers of Katanga
*** Rulers of Kuba
*** Rulers of Luba
*** Rulers of Ruund (Luunda)
*** Rulers of Kasongo Luunda (Yaka)
*** Rulers of Kongo
*** Kongo
** Rulers of Kongo
* Congo, Republic of the (Congo-Brazzaville)
** Heads of state of the Republic of the Congo
** Heads of government of the Republic of the Congo
*** Colonial heads of French Equatorial Africa
* Equatorial Guinea
** Heads of state of Equatorial Guinea
** Heads of government of Equatorial Guinea
** Colonial heads of Equatorial Guinea (Fernando Poo/Spanish Guinea)
* Gabon
** Heads of State of Gabon
** Heads of Government of Gabon
** Colonial Heads of Gabon
*** Rulers of Orungu
* São Tomé and Príncipe
** Heads of State of São Tomé and Príncipe
** Heads of Government of São Tomé and Príncipe
** Presidents of the Regional Government of Príncipe
** Colonial Heads of São Tomé and Príncipe

Northern Africa

* Algeria
** Heads of state of Algeria
** Heads of government of Algeria ("see also: "Prime Ministers of Algeria "with information specific to that post")
** Colonial heads of Algeria
*** Colonial heads of Oran
*** Rulers of Kel Ahaggar
*** Rulers of Qusantina (Constantine)
*** Rulers of Tuggurt
** Mauretania: Kings of Mauretania
** Numidia: Kings of Numidia
** Hammadid dynasty
** Rustamid dynasty
** Ziyanid dynasty
* Egypt
** Rulers of Egypt
** Heads of government of Egypt
** Colonial heads of Egypt
** Pharaohs
** Egyptian dynasties
** Bahri dynasty of Egypt
** Burji dynasty of Egypt
** Ayyubid dynasty
** Fatimid Caliphs, see "Fatimid"
** Monarchs of the Muhammad Ali Dynasty
* Libya
** Heads of State of Libya
** Heads of Government of Libya
** Colonial Heads of Libya
*** Colonial Heads of Tripolitania
*** Colonial Heads of Cyrenaica
*** Colonial Heads of Fezzan
** Cyrene: Kings of Cyrene
* Morocco
** Kings of Morocco
** Heads of Government of Morocco
*** Colonial Heads of French Morocco
*** Colonial Heads of Spanish Morocco
*** Colonial Heads of Ifni
*** Heads of State of Rif
*** Heads of Government of Rif
*** Colonial Heads of Tangier
** Marinid dynasty
** Almohad dynasty
** Almoravid dynasty of Morocco
** Banu Isam kings
** Kings of Berghouata
** Kings of Nekor, see "Kingdom of Nekor"
* Sudan (formerly Anglo-Egyptian -)
** Presidents of Sudan
** Prime Ministers of Sudan
** Presidents of Southern Sudan
** Vice-Presidents of Southern Sudan
** Kings of Makuria, see "Makuria"
** Kings of Sennar, see "Kingdom of Sennar"
** Kush
*** Kushite Kings
*** List of Egyptian viceroys of Kush
* Tunisia
** Beys of Tunis
** Presidents of Tunisia
** Carthage: Kings of Carthage
** Aghlabid dynasty
** Hafsid dynasty
** Zirid dynasty of Tunisia

outhern Africa

* Botswana (former Bechuanaland)
** Heads of state of Botswana
** Heads of government of Botswana
** Colonial heads of Botswana (Bechuanaland)
*** Rulers of baKgatla
*** Rulers of baKwêna
*** Rulers of Balete (baMalete)
*** Rulers of baNgwaketse
*** Rulers of Bangwato (bamaNgwato)
*** Rulers of baRôlông
*** Rulers of baTawana
*** Rulers of baTlôkwa
* Lesotho
** Kings of Lesotho
** Heads of Government of Lesotho
* Namibia
** Presidents of Namibia
** Prime Ministers of Namibia
*** Leaders of Damaraland
*** Leaders of East Caprivi (Lozi)
*** Leaders of Hereroland
*** Leaders of Kavangoland
*** Leaders of Namaland
*** Leaders of Ovamboland
*** Leaders of Rehoboth (Basterland)
*** Leaders of Tswanaland
* South Africa
** List of Zulu kings
** Governors-General of South Africa
** President of South Africa
** Prime Ministers of South Africa
*** Heads of State of Bophuthatswana
*** Heads of State of Ciskei
*** Heads of State of Transkei
*** Heads of Government of Transkei
*** Heads of State of Venda
*** Chief Ministers of Gazankulu
*** Chief Ministers of KwaNdebele
*** Chief Ministers of KaNgwane
*** Chief Ministers of KwaZulu
*** Chief Ministers of Lebowa
*** Chief Ministers of QwaQwa
* Swaziland
** Kings of Swaziland
** Heads of Government of Swaziland

Western Africa

* Benin (former Dahomey)
** Heads of state of Benin
** Heads of government of Benin
** Colonial heads of Benin (Dahomey and Porto-Novo)
*** Colonial heads of São João Baptista de Ajudá
*** Rulers of Hogbonu (Ajashe/Porto-Novo)
** Bariba (Borgu) states
*** Rulers of the Bariba state of Kandi
*** Rulers of the Bariba state of Kwande
*** Rulers of the Bariba state of Nikki
*** Rulers of the Bariba state of Paraku
** Berba states
*** Rulers of the Berba state of Gwande
** Ewe states
*** Rulers of the Ewe state of Agwe
** Fon states
*** Rulers of the Fon state of Alada (Allada)
*** Rulers of the Fon state of Danhome (Agbome) (Dahomey)
*** Rulers of the Fon state of Savi Hweda
** Gurmanche states
*** Rulers of the Gurmanche state of Jugu (Sugu)
** Mahi states
*** Rulers of the Mahi state of Fitta
*** Rulers of the Mahi state of Savalu
** Yoruba states
*** Rulers of the Yoruba state of Dassa
*** Rulers of the Yoruba state of Icha
*** Rulers of the Yoruba state of Ketu
*** Rulers of the Yoruba state of Sabe
* Burkina Faso (former Upper Volta)
** Heads of state of Burkina Faso
** Heads of government of Burkina Faso ("see also:" Prime Minister of Burkina Faso "with information specific to that post")
** Colonial heads of Burkina Faso (Upper Volta)
** Mossi States:-
*** Rulers of the Mossi state of Gurunsi
*** Rulers of the Mossi state of Gwiriko
*** Rulers of the Mossi state of Liptako
*** Rulers of the Mossi state of Tenkodogo
*** Rulers of the Mossi state of Wogodogo
*** Rulers of the Mossi state of Yatenga
*** Rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Bilanga
*** Rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Bilayanga
*** Rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Bongandini
*** Rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Con
*** Rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Kuala
*** Rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Macakoali
*** Rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Nungu
*** Rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Pama
*** Rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Piela
* Cameroon
** Heads of state of Cameroon
** Prime Minister and Head of Government of Cameroon
** Political leaders of Cameroon
* Cape Verde
** Heads of state of Cape Verde
** Heads of government of Cape Verde ("see also:" Prime Minister of Cape Verde "with information specific to that post")
** Colonial heads of Cape Verde
* Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast)
** Heads of state of Côte d'Ivoire
** Heads of government of Côte d'Ivoire
** Colonial heads of Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast)
* The Gambia
** Heads of State of The Gambia ("see also" Governors-General of The Gambia)
** Heads of Government of The Gambia
** Colonial Heads of The Gambia
* Ghana: Rulers of Ghana
** Emperors of Ghana
* Guinea
** Heads of State of Guinea
** Heads of Government of Guinea
** Colonial Heads of Guinea
* Guinea-Bissau
** Heads of State of Guinea-Bissau
** Heads of Government of Guinea-Bissau
** Colonial Heads of Portuguese Guinea
*** Colonial Heads of Bissau
*** Colonial Heads of Cacheu
* Liberia
** Presidents of Liberia
** Agents and Governors of Liberia
*** Colonial Heads of Maryland
*** Colonial Heads of Mississippi
*** Colonial Heads of Port Cresson and Bassa Cove
* Mali (former French Sudan)
** Heads of State of Mali
** Heads of Government of Mali
** Colonial Heads of Mali
** Emperors of Mali, see "Mali Empire"
** Kings of Mali, see "Mansa"
** Songhai emperors, see "Songhai Empire"
* Mauritania
** Heads of State of Mauritania
** Heads of Government of Mauritania
** Colonial Heads of Mauritania
* Niger
** Heads of State of Niger
** Heads of Government of Niger
* Nigeria
** Governors-General of Nigeria
** Presidents of Nigeria
** Heads of State of Biafra
** List of Sultans of Sokoto
* Senegal
** Presidents of Senegal
* Sierra Leone
** Governors-General of Sierra Leone
** Presidents of Sierra Leone
** Heads of Government of Sierra Leone
* Togo
** Heads of State of Togo
** Heads of Government of Togo

Americas

Caribbean

* Antigua and Barbuda
** Governors-General of Antigua and Barbuda
** Prime Ministers of Antigua and Barbuda
* Bahamas
** Governors-General of the Bahamas
** Heads of Government of the Bahamas
** Colonial Heads of the Bahamas
* Barbados
** Governors-General of Barbados
** Prime Ministers of Barbados
* Cuba
** Presidents of Cuba
** Premiers of Cuba
** Colonial Heads of Cuba
* Dominica
** Presidents of Dominica
** Prime Ministers of Dominica
* Dominican Republic
** Presidents of the Dominican Republic
* Grenada
** Governors-General of Grenada
** Prime Ministers of Grenada
** Colonial Heads of Grenada
** Colonial Heads of the Windward Islands
* Haiti
** List of French Governors of Saint-Domingue
** Presidents of Haiti
* Jamaica
** Governors-General of Jamaica
** Prime Ministers of Jamaica
* Saint Kitts and Nevis
** Governors-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis
** Prime Ministers of Saint Kitts and Nevis
* Saint Lucia
** Governors-General of Saint Lucia
** Prime Ministers of Saint Lucia
* Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
** Governors-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
** Prime Ministers of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
* Trinidad and Tobago
** Governors-General of Trinidad and Tobago
** Presidents of Trinidad and Tobago
** Prime Ministers of Trinidad and Tobago

Central America

* Belize
** Governors-General of Belize
** Prime Ministers of Belize
** Maya rulers of Caracol, see "Caracol"
* Costa Rica
** Presidents of Costa Rica
* El Salvador
** Presidents of El Salvador
* Guatemala
** Presidents of Guatemala
** Maya rulers of Tikal, see "Tikal"
* Honduras
** Presidents of Honduras
** Maya kings of Xukpi, see "Copán"
* Nicaragua
** Presidents of Nicaragua
* Panama
** Presidents of Panama

North America

* Canada
** Office-holders of Canada
* Mexico
** Presidents of Mexico
** Aztec emperors, see "Hueyi Tlatoani"
** Maya rulers of Calakmul, see "Calakmul"
** Maya rulers of Palenque, see "Palenque"
** Maya rulers of Tonina, see "Tonina"
** Toltec rulers
** Viceroys of New Spain
* United States
** Office-holders of the United States

outh America

* Argentina
** Presidents of Argentina
* Bolivia
** Presidents of Bolivia
* Brazil
** Brazilian monarchs
** Presidents of Brazil
*** Governors of Distrito Federal
*** Governors of Minas Gerais
*** Governors of Rio de Janeiro
**** Mayors of Rio de Janeiro
*** Governors of São Paulo
* Chile
** Presidents of Chile
** Kings of Easter Island
** Royal Governors of Chile
* Colombia
** Presidents of Colombia
*** List of Governors of the Department of Quindío
* Ecuador
** Presidents of Ecuador
** Heads of State of Ecuador
* Guyana
** Governors-General of Guyana
** Presidents of Guyana
** Prime Ministers of Guyana
* Uruguay
** Presidents of Uruguay
* Paraguay
** Presidents of Paraguay
* Peru
** Presidents of Peru
** Incan emperors, see "Inca Empire"
** Viceroys of Peru
* Suriname
** Presidents of Suriname
* Venezuela
** Presidents of Venezuela

Asia

Central Asia

* Kazakhstan
** Göktürk kagans
* Kyrgyzstan
** Khans of Kara-Khitai, see "Kara-Khitan Khanate"
* Tajikistan
** Presidents of Tajikistan

Eastern Asia

* China & dependencies
** Chinese sovereigns
** Table of Chinese monarchs
** People's Republic of China
*** President of the People's Republic of China
*** Premier of the People's Republic of China
*** Hong Kong
**** Governor of Hong Kong (under British rule, now replaced by Chief Executive)
**** Chief Executive of Hong Kong
*** Macau
**** Governor of Macau (under Portuguese rule, now replaced by Chief Executive)
**** Chief Executive of Macau
** Republic of China (Taiwan)
*** President of the Republic of China
*** Premier of the Republic of China
*** Governors and Chairpersons of Taiwan, see "Taiwan Province"
** Tibet
*** List of imperial ambans in Tibet
** The Table of Chinese monarchs China
** List of kings of Tibet China
* Japan
** Rulers of Japan (Emperors, Regents, Shoguns and Prime Ministers)
** Emperors of Japan
** Prime Minister of Japan
** Ashikaga shogunate
** Kamakura shogunate
** Tokugawa shogunate
** List of Emperors of Japan
* Mongolia
** Grand Khan of Mongolia
** Prime Minister of Mongolia
* Korea
** Rulers of Korea
** North Korea
*** Presidents of North Korea
*** Premiers of North Korea
** South Korea
*** Presidents of South Korea
** Rulers of Korea
* Taiwan (Republic of China)
** See "China" entry above.

outheastern Asia

* Brunei
** Sultans of Brunei
* Cambodia
** King of Cambodia
** Khmer emperors, see "Khmer Empire"
* Indonesia
** Presidents of Indonesia
** Kings of Mataram, see "Kingdom of Mataram"
* Malaysia
** Yang di-Pertuan Agong
** Prime Ministers of Malaysia
** Sultans of Malacca, see "Sultanate of Malacca"
* Philippines
** Spanish Royal Governor of the Philippines
** American Governor-General of the Philippines
** Presidents of the Philippines
** Datus, Rajas, and Sultans of the Philippine Islands, see "Sultanate of Sulu" and "History of the Philippines"
* Singapore
** President of Singapore
** Prime Minister of Singapore
* Thailand
** Prime Ministers of Thailand
** Kings of Thailand
** Chakri dynasty
** Kings of Ayutthaya, see "Ayutthaya kingdom"
** Kings of Haripunchai, see "Haripunchai"
** Kings of Lanna, see "Lanna"
** Kings of Sukhothai, see "Sukhothai kingdom"
* Vietnam
** Vietnamese dynasties
** Nguyen Dynasty
** Prime Minister of Vietnam
** Kings of Vietnam, see "History of Vietnam"
** Ly Dynasty

outhern Asia

* Afghanistan
** Afghan Transitional Administration personnel
** Leaders of Afghanistan
** Heads of Government of Afghanistan
*** Rulers of Kabul
*** Rulers of Herat
*** Rulers of Kandahar
*** Rulers of Peshawar
*** Rulers of Ghazni
** Ghaznavid emperors, see "Ghaznavid Empire"
** Shahi dynasty
* Bangladesh
** Presidents of Bangladesh
** Prime Ministers of Bangladesh
* Bhutan
** Kings of Bhutan
* India
** President of India
** Prime Minister of India
** Governors, Lieutenant Governors and Administrators of Indian States and Union Territories
** Chief Ministers of Indian States
* Iran: Rulers of Iran
* Nepal
** Kings of Nepal
* Sri Lanka
** Presidents of Sri Lanka
** Prime Ministers of Sri Lanka

Western Asia

* Armenia
** List of Kings of Ani
** List of Armenian Kings
** Shaddadid dynasty
* Cyprus
** Kings of Cyprus
*** Officers of the Kingdom of Cyprus
* Georgia
** Bagrationi dynasty
** List of Georgian kings
** Emirs of Tbilisi
* Iraq
** Civilian Administrator of Iraq
** President of Iraq
** Prime Ministers of Iraq
** Kings of Iraq
*** Rulers of Adiabene
** Kings of Assyria
** Kings of Babylon
** Akkad
*** Kings of Akkad
*** Gutian kings
** Annazid dynasty
** Abbasid Caliphs
** Sumer
*** Kings of Sumer
*** Rulers of Lagash
* Israel
** Prime Minister of Israel
** President of Israel
** Rulers of Israel and Judah
** Kings of Israel
** Kings of Judah
** Kings of Judea
** High Priests of Israel
** Crusader States
** Kings of Jerusalem
*** Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem
**** Princes of Galilee
***** Lords of Toron
**** Counts of Jaffa and Ascalon
***** Lords of Ramla
***** Lords of Ibelin
**** Lords of Oultrejordain
**** Lords of Sidon
*** Officers of the Kingdom of Jerusalem
* Jordan (formerly Transjordan)
** Kings of Jordan
** Rulers of Nabatea
* Kuwait
** Emirs of Kuwait
** Al-Sabah
* Lebanon
** Presidents of Lebanon
** Prime Ministers of Lebanon
** Kings of Tyre
** Counts of Tripoli
*** Officers of the County of Tripoli
* Oman (formerly Muscat (and Oman))
** Sultans of Oman
* Qatar
** Emirs of Qatar
* Saudi Arabia
** Sharif of Mecca
** Kings of Saudi Arabia
* Syria
** Presidents of Syria
** Prime Ministers of Syria
** Kings of Syria
** Rulers of Damascus
** Zengid dynasty
** Princes of Antioch
*** Officers of the Principality of Antioch
** Emirs of Shaizar
** Ghassanid kings
** Rulers of Aleppo
** Hanilgalbat: Kings of Hanilgabat, see "Hanilgalbat" and "Mitanni"
** Kings of Ugarit
* Turkey / Ottoman Empire
** List of Ottoman Sultans
** Presidents of Turkey
** Prime Ministers of Turkey
** Pretenders of the Ottoman Empire
** Monarchs of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
** Marwanid dynasty
** Seljuk sultans of Rüm
** Kings of Arzawa
** Kings of Diaokhi
** Kings of Bithynia
** Kings of Cappadocia
** Kings of Galatia
** Kings of the Hittites
** Kings of Kommagene
** Kings of Lydia
** Osroene
** Attalid Kings of Pergamon
** Kings of Urartu
** Counts of Edessa
** Byzantine Emperors
** Latin Emperors of Constantinople
* United Arab Emirates
** Prime Ministers of the United Arab Emirates
* Yemen
** Presidents of Yemen
** Prime Ministers of Yemen
** Presidents of North Yemen
** Prime Ministers of North Yemen
** Presidents of South Yemen
** Prime Ministers of South Yemen

Europe

Eastern Europe

* Belarus
** List of Belarusian rulers
* Czech Republic
** Bohemia
** Czech lands
** Rulers of Bohemia (Czech lands)
** Presidents of the Czech Republic
** Prime Ministers of the Czech Republic
** Czechoslovakia
** List of Prime Ministers of Czechoslovakia
** List of Presidents of Czechoslovakia
* Hungary
** Hungarian Rulers
** Prime Ministers of Hungary
** List of Hungarian rulers
* Moldova
** Presidents of Moldova
** Prime Ministers of Moldova
* Poland
** Polish rulers, Timeline of rulers of Poland
** Polish Prime Ministers
** Presidents of Poland
** Dukes of Silesia
** Dukes of Mazovia
** Dukes of Greater Poland
** Dukes of Leczyca
** Dukes of Sieradz
** List of Polish rulers
** Duchy of Cieszyn
** Dukes of Pomerania
* Romania
** Prime Ministers of Romania
** Presidents of Romania
**
** Kings of Romania
** Dacian kings
** Rulers of Wallachia
** Rulers of Moldavia
** Rulers of Transylvania
* Russia and the Soviet Union
**
** Leaders of the Soviet Union
** President of the Soviet Union
** Premier of the Soviet Union
** President of Russia
** Prime Minister of Russia
** Khans of the Golden Horde
** List of Kazan khans
** List of Khazar rulers
** Rulers of Kievan Rus'
** Grand Prince of Tver
* Slovakia
** Historic rulers of Slovakia
** Presidents of Slovakia
** Prime Ministers of Slovakia
** Parliament leaders of Slovakia
* Ukraine
** Rulers of Kievan Rus'
** List of rulers of Halych and Volhynia
** Hetmans of Ukrainian Cossacks
** List of Crimean khans
** President of Ukraine
** Prime Minister of Ukraine

Northern Europe

* Denmark
** Danish monarchs
** Prime Ministers of Denmark
** List of dubious Danish kings
** Faroe Islands
** Faroese monarchs
** Prime Ministers of the Faroe Islands
** Governor of the Faroe Islands
** Greenland
** Prime Ministers of Greenland
** Governors of Greenland
** Inspectors of Greenland
* Estonia
** Estonian rulers
** Ministers of Defence of Estonia
** Prime Ministers of Estonia
** Presidents of Estonia
** State Elders of Estonia
* Finland
** Prime Minister of Finland
** President of Finland
** Finnish rulers
** Provincial Governors of Finland
* Iceland
** Presidents of Iceland
** Prime Ministers of Iceland
** Icelandic rulers
** List of lawspeakers, see Lawspeaker
* Ireland: Rulers of Ireland
* Latvia
** Presidents of Latvia
** Prime Ministers of Latvia
* Lithuania
** List of Lithuanian rulers
** Presidents of Lithuania
** Prime Ministers of Lithuania
* Norway
** Norwegian monarchs
*** Line of succession to the Norwegian Throne
** Norwegian Prime Ministers
** Norway
*** List of Norwegian monarchs
*** Kings of Agder, see "Sørlandet"
*** Kings of Hadeland
*** Kings of Hedmark
*** Kings of Oppland
*** Kings of Sogn
*** Kings of Solør
*** Kings of Toten
*** Kings of Vestfold
*** Kings of Vingulmark
*** Earls of Lade, see "Trøndelag"
* Sweden
** Swedish monarchs
** Prime Minister of Sweden
** Swedish Field Marshals
** County Governors of Sweden
** Swedish semi-legendary kings
** Mythological kings of Sweden
** Kings of Geatland

* Blekinge Governors * Dalarna Governors * Gävleborg Governors * Gotland Governors * Halland Governors * Jämtland Governors * Jönköping Governors

* Kalmar Governors * Kronoberg Governors * Norrbotten Governors * Skåne Governors * Stockholm Governors * Södermanland Governors * Uppsala Governors

* Värmland Governors * Västerbotten Governors * Västernorrland Governors * Västmanland Governors * Västra Götaland Governors * Örebro Governors * Östergötland Governors

* United Kingdom: Rulers of the United Kingdom

outhern Europe

* Albania
** Prime Ministers of Albania
** Presidents of Albania
** Kings of Albania
** Princes of Albania
** Monarchs of Albania
** Kingdom of Albania"
* Andorra
** Co-Princes of Andorra
*** Bishop of Urgell
* Bosnia and Herzegovina
** List of rulers of Bosnia
* Bulgaria
** Bulgarian monarchs
** Presidents of Bulgaria
** Prime Ministers of Bulgaria
** Kings of Odrysia
** Moesia: Roman governors of Lower Moesia
* Croatia
** List of rulers of Croatia
** Presidents of Croatia
** Prime Ministers of Croatia
*** Governors and Heads of State of Fiume
*** Heads of State of Krajina
*** Heads of Government of Krajina
* Greece: Rulers of Greece
* Italy: Rulers of Italy
* Kosovo: Presidents of Kosovo
* Malta
** Presidents of Malta, 1974-present
** Prime Ministers of Malta, 1921-1933, 1947-1958, 1962-present
** Monarchs of Malta, 1090-1798, 1800-1974
** Counts of Malta, 1190-1427
** Grand Masters of Malta, 1530-1798
** Governors and Governors-General of Malta, 1813-1974
** Nobility of Malta
* Montenegro
** Rulers of Montenegro
** President of Montenegro
** Prime Minister of Montenegro
* Portugal
** Portuguese monarchs
** Duke of Braganza
** Prime Ministers of Portugal
** Presidents of Portugal
** List of Portuguese monarchs
* San Marino
** Captains Regent of San Marino, 1900-present
** Captains Regent of San Marino, 1700-1900
** Captains Regent of San Marino, 1500-1700
** Captains Regent of San Marino, 1243-1500
* Serbia
** Presidents of Serbia
** Prime Ministers of Serbia
** Monarchs of Serbia
** List of Serbian monarchs
** Princes of Zeta
* Slovenia
** Presidents of Slovenia
** Prime Minister of Slovenia
* Spain
** Rulers of Spain
** Prime Ministers of Spain
* Vatican City
** Popes
** Cardinal Secretary of State

Western Europe

*Austria
** Rulers of Austria
** Emperors of Austria
** Foreign Ministers of Austria-Hungary
** Ministers-President of Austria
** Federal Presidents of Austria
** Chancellors of Austria (Vice Chancellors of Austria)
** Habsburg
** Babenberg
** Margraves, dukes, and archdukes of Austria
** Dukes of Styria, see "Styria (duchy)"
** Dukes of Carinthia, see "Carinthia (duchy)"
* Belgium
** Belgian monarchs
** Prime Ministers of Belgium
** Governors of the Habsburg Netherlands
** Minister-President of the Brussels-Capital Region
** List of Ministers-President of the Flemish Community
** List of Ministers-President of the Walloon Region
** List of Ministers-President of the French Community
** List of Ministers-President of the German-speaking Community
* France: Rulers of France
* Germany: Rulers of Germany
* Liechtenstein
** Princes of Liechtenstein
** Liechtenstein Heads of Government
* Luxembourg
** Prime Ministers of Luxembourg
** Grand Duke of Luxembourg
** List of Counts and Dukes of Luxembourg
* Monaco
** Princes of Monaco
*** Succession to the Monegasque Throne
** Ministers of State
* Netherlands
** Dutch monarchy
** Prime Ministers of the Netherlands
** Governors of the Habsburg Netherlands
** Low Countries (Netherlands, Belgium):
** Rulers of East Frisia
** Rulers of Frisia
** Prince of Orange
** Duke of Brabant
** Lords and margraves of Bergen op Zoom
** Dukes and counts of Guelders
** Duke of Lower Lorraine
** Count of Bouillon
** Count of Flanders
** Count of Hainaut
** Count of Holland
** Counts of Leuven
** Bishop of Utrecht
** Marquis of Namur
* Switzerland
** Members of the Swiss Federal Council
*** Presidents of the Confederation
*** Heads of the Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sports, see "Military of Switzerland"
*** Heads of the Department of Foreign Affairs: see "International relations of Switzerland"
*** Heads of the Department of Home Affairs
*** Heads of the Federal Department of Finance
*** Heads of the Federal Department of Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications
*** Heads of the Federal Department of Economic Affairs
*** Heads of the Federal Department of Justice and Police
** Federal Chancellors of Switzerland
** Presidents of the Swiss National Council
** Presidents of the Swiss Council of States
** Members of the Swiss National Council
** Members of the Swiss Council of States
** Chief Justices of the Swiss Supreme Court
** Presidents of the Swiss Diet (before 1848)
** 2005 office-holders in Switzerland

Oceania

Australasia

* Australia
** Monarchs of Australia
** Governors-General of Australia
** Cabinet of Australia
*** Prime Ministers of Australia
*** Deputy Prime Ministers of Australia
*** Attornies General of Australia
*** Ministers for Defence
*** Ministers for Foreign Affairs
*** Treasurers of Australia

* Premiers of New South Wales * Premiers of Queensland * Premiers of South Australia * Premiers of Tasmania * Premiers of Victoria * Premier of Western Australia * Heads of Government of Norfolk Island * Chief Minister of the Northern Territory * Chief Minister of the Australian Capital Territory

* Governors of New South Wales * Governors of Queensland * Governors of South Australia * Governors of Tasmania * Governors of Victoria * Governor of Western Australia * Administrative Heads of Norfolk Island * Administrator of the Northern Territory * Administrative Heads of Jervis Bay * Administrative Heads of Australian Antarctic Territory * Administrative Heads of Macquarie Island

* Cocos Islands
** King of the Cocos Islands
* New Zealand
** Governors-General of New Zealand
** New Zealand Cabinet
*** Prime Ministers of New Zealand
*** Deputy Prime Ministers of New Zealand
*** Ministers of Finance
*** Ministers of Foreign Affairs
** Speakers of the House of Representatives
** Māori Kings and Queens

* Mayors of Auckland * Mayors of Christchurch * Mayors of Dunedin * Mayors of Wellington

Melanesia

* Fiji
** Chairmen of Fiji's Great Council of Chiefs
** Chief Justice of Fiji
** Colonial Governors of Fiji
** Fijian Heads of State
** Foreign Ministers of Fiji
** Governors-General of Fiji
** House of Representatives of Fiji - current membership (2004)
** Ministers for Fijian Affairs
** Presidents of Fiji
** Prime Ministers of Fiji
** Senate of Fiji - current membership (2004)
** Speakers of the Fijian House of Representatives
** Vice-Presidents of Fiji
* Papua New Guinea
** Prime Ministers of Papua New Guinea

Micronesia

* Nauru
** Presidents of Nauru, see "Politics of Nauru"

Polynesia

* Cook Islands
** Prime Ministers of the Cook Islands
* Samoa
** Samoan Heads of State
** List of Rulers of Samoa
** Members of the Council of Deputies of Samoa
** Prime Ministers of Samoa
** Chief Justice of Samoa
** Finance Ministers of Samoa
** Foreign Affairs Ministers of Samoa
** Health Ministers of Samoa
** Education Ministers of Samoa
** Public Works Ministers of Samoa
** Fono Aoao Faitulafono o Samoa - current membership (2006)

Other lists

Ministers by portfolio

* Defence minister
* List of ministers of the environment
* Finance minister
* Foreign minister
** List of foreign ministers in 1950
** List of foreign ministers in 2002
** List of foreign ministers in 2003
** List of foreign ministers in 2004
* Interior minister

Municipal leaders

Religious leaders

Christian

* List of current patriarchs
* List of Patriarchs, Archbishops and Bishops
* Anglican Communion
** Archbishop of Canterbury
** List of Archbishops of Canterbury
** Anglican Primates
* Roman Catholic
** Catholic Popes
** Grand Masters of the Teutonic Knights
** Grand Masters of the Knights Templar
** Grand Masters of the Knights Hospitaller
*** Priors of St John of Jerusalem in England
** Grand Masters of the Livonian Brothers of the Sword
* Other denominations
** General of The Salvation Army
** Moderator of the United Church of Canada

Judaism

* Chief Rabbis
* Chief Rabbis of Israel

Islam

* Caliphate
* Shia Imam

Buddhist

* Dalai Lama
* Panchen Lama
* Karmapa
* Shamarpa
* Sakya Trizin
* Supreme Patriarch of Thailand
* Supreme Patriarch of Cambodia
* Supreme Patriarch of Laos

Others

* President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
* Pontifices maximi

External links

* [http://www.archontology.org/ Archontology, by Oleg Schultz]
* [http://www.rulers.org/ Rulers, by B. Schemmel] - detailed lists (including regional and religious leaders) from 1700.
* [http://www.worldstatesmen.org/ World Statesmen, by Ben Cahoon]