Korean barrel drum

The Korean barrel drum is a shallow, barrel-shaped drum used in several types of Korean music, one of the many traditional Korean drums.This variety of drum has a round wooden body that is covered on both ends with animal skin.Fact|date=September 2008 They are categorized as "hyekbu" (혁부, linktext|革|部) which are instruments made with leather, and has been used for "jeongak" (Korean court music) and folk music.cite web|url=http://www.nfm.go.kr/data/full.cgi?v_kw_str=&v_db=1&v_doc_no=00000822&opt_s=1 |title=북 (鼓)|publisher=National Folk Museum of Korea |language=Korean ]

History

The barrel drums used for court music are usually fixed with nails on the rims, while ones used for folk music are usually tied up with leather straps to form the shape. Performers in the court music usually beat these drums with a single drumstick (called "bukchae", 북채) in one hand or two hands together, while drummers in the folk music commonly use a drumstick in their right hand while hitting the other side with their open left hand.cite web|url=http://100.empas.com/dicsearch/pentry.html?s=K&i=237379&v=45 |title=북|publisher=Empas / EncyKorea |language=Korean ] In the past, the "jong" (종, bell) was also referred to as "soebuk" (쇠북, metal drum) and included in the drum category.

Barrel drums have been used for Korean music since the period of the Three Kingdoms of Korea (57 BC – 668 AD) in light of mural paintings in Anak Tomb of Goguryeo (37 BC – 668 AD) and records of Book of Sui on the kingdoms, Goguryeo and Baekje (18 BC – 660 AD). In the 3rd of Anak Tomb, two types are depicted in the paintings titled "Juakdo" (주악도, linktext|奏|樂|圖, "painging of playing music") and "Haengryeoldo" (행렬도, linktext|行|列|圖, "painting of marching") such as "ipgo" (입고, linktext|立|鼓) and "damgo" (담고, linktext|擔|鼓) respectively. The "ipgo" is a buk that performers beat as standing, while the "damgo" is a drum that drummers strike while carrying it on their shoulder.

During the Unified Silla period (668 – 935), "daego" (대고, linktext|大|鼓) or " keunbuk", meaning "a big drum", was used along with a percussion instrument named "bak" (박, linktext|拍) in music played by "Samhyeon samjuk" (삼현삼죽, 三絃三竹) which comprises samhyeon, three string intruments such as "geomungo", "gayageum", and "hyangbipa" and "samjuk" such as "daegeum", "junggeum" and "sogeum".cite web|url=http://101.encyber.com/search_w/ctdetail.php?masterno=469154&contentno=469154 |title=삼현삼죽 (三絃三竹) |publisher=Doosan Encyclopedia |language=Korean] In the Goryeo period (918 – 1392), as dangak and aak were introduced to Korea from China, a lot of drums such as "janggu", "gyobanggo", "jingo" began to be used for the court music.

While there are twenty types of "buk" used in the present Korean traditional music, most commonly used buk are "jwago" to perform "Samhyeon yukgak" (삼현육각, 三絃六角), "yonggo" for marching music, "gyobango" for "bukchum" (북춤, drum dance), "beopgo" for Buddhist ritual ceremonies, "sogo" used by Namsadang, and street musicians, "soribuk" or called "gojangbuk" for pansori, "maegubuk" (or called "nongakbuk") used for nongak, and "motbanggo" used by farmers as working.

Usages

There are two forms of undecorated "buk" used in Korean folk music: the "buk" used to accompany "pansori", which has tacked heads, is called a "sori-buk" (소리북), ^{[http://www.gukakgi.co.kr/board/upload/1077934742_drum_3.gifphoto]} while the "buk" used to accompany "pungmul" music, which has laced heads, is called "pungmul-buk" (풍물북). ^{[http://blog.joins.com/usr/i/j/ijinb/10/%ED%92%8D%EB%AC%BC%EB%B6%81.gifphoto]} The "sori-buk" is played with both an open left hand and a stick made of birch that is held in the right hand, with the stick striking both the right drumhead and the wood of the drum's body. The "pungmul-buk" is one of the four instruments used in "samul nori", a modern performance version of "pungmul". [http://www.culturebase.net/artist.php?1208] It is played by striking a single stick (usually with the right hand) on only one of its heads.

Due to its similarity in shape and construction, the "yonggo" (hangul: 용고; hanja: ; literally "dragon drum"), which is a barrel drum with tacked heads decorated with painted dragon designs and used in the military wind-and-percussion music called "daechwita", is sometimes also classified as a form of "buk". It is struck with two padded sticks.

A modern set of "buk" (usually four) is called "modeum buk" (모듬북). ^{[http://www.kugakki.com/shopimages/hogeon2017/0070000000392.jpgphoto]} They are typically placed horizontally on wooden stands and played with sticks. ^{[http://cfs.flvs.daum.net/files/56/4/10/38/6999815/thumb.jpgphoto]}

Gallery

ee also

*Traditional Korean musical instruments

References

*"The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians", 2nd ed. S.v. "Puk," by Robert C. Provine. [http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music/52473?q=puk+korean&search=quick&pos=2&_start=1#firsthit]
*
*

Bibliography

* Samguk Sagi
* Goryeosa
* Book of Sui
* Akhak Gwebeom
* 민요와 향토악기 (장사훈, 상문당, 1948)
* 국악개요 (장사훈, 정연사, 1961)
* 한국음악사전 (대한민국예술원, 1985)
* 국악대사전 (장사훈, 세광음악출판사, 1984)

External links

* [http://www.ncktpa.go.kr/html/jsp/eng_2006/d00_gugak/d20_ins_pre_view.jsp?gugak_id=221 "Buk" page] from NCKTPA site

Video

* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DQ3APm0Fd9M Video showing "sori-buk" used in "pansori"]
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E8z2QZGaZq8 Video showing "pungmul-buk" used in "samulnori"]
* [http://tvpot.daum.net/clip/ClipView.do?clipid=99267&searchType=0&page=1&rowNum=10&sort=wtime&svctype=1&q=%EB%8C%80%EC%B7%A8%ED%83%80 Video showing "yonggo" used in "daechwita"]