List of Quercus species

The genus Quercus (oak) contains about 600 species,^[1] some of which are listed here.

Subgenus Quercus

Section Quercus

The white oaks (synonym sect. Lepidobalanus or Leucobalanus). Europe, Asia, north Africa, North America. Styles short; acorns mature in 6 months, sweet or slightly bitter, inside of acorn shell hairless.

• Quercus alba — White Oak — eastern North America
• Quercus aliena — Oriental White Oak — eastern Asia
• Quercus arizonica — Arizona White Oak — # southwestern U.S., nw. Mexico
• Quercus austrina — Bluff Oak — southeastern North America
• Quercus berberidifolia — California Scrub Oak — # California
• Quercus bicolor — Swamp White Oak — eastern & midwestern North America
• Quercus boyntonii — Boynton's Post Oak — south central North America
• Quercus brantii — Persian oak — south west Asia
• Quercus carmenensis — Carmen Oak — Coahuila and Texas
• Quercus chapmanii — Chapman Oak — # southeastern North America
• Quercus chihuahuensis — Chihuahua oak — northern Mexico and Texas
• Quercus cornelius-mulleri — Muller Oak — # southwestern North America
• Quercus copeyensis — # Costa Rica, Panama
• Quercus cubana - # western Cuba
• Quercus dalechampii — southeastern Europe
• Quercus depressipes — Davis Mountain Oak — # Texas
• Quercus deserticola — # Mexico
• Quercus dilatata — Moru Oak — # Himalayas
• Quercus douglasii — Blue Oak — California
• Quercus dumosa — Coastal Scrub Oak — # southern California
• Quercus durata — Leather Oak — # California
• Quercus engelmannii — Engelmann Oak — # southwestern California
• Quercus faginea — Portuguese oak — # southwestern Europe
• †Quercus furuhjelmi - Lived in Paleogene times
• Quercus fusiformis — Texas Live Oak or Plateau Live Oak — # south central North America
• Quercus gambelii — Gambel Oak — southwestern North America
• Quercus garryana — Oregon White Oak or Garry Oak — western North America
• Quercus geminata — Sand Live Oak — # southeastern North America
• Quercus glaucoides — # Mexico
• Quercus grisea — Gray Oak — # south central North America
• Quercus havardii — Havard Oak, Shinnery oak, Shin Oak — south central North America
• Quercus hinckleyi — Hinckley Oak — # Texas, northwestern Mexico
• Quercus hondurensis — Honduras Oak — # Honduras
• Quercus ilex — Holly Oak or Holm Oak — # southern Europe, northwestern Africa
• Quercus insignis — Mexico, Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Panama
• Quercus intricata — Coahuila Scrub Oak — # two isolated localities in west Texas, northern Mexico
• Quercus john-tuckeri — Tucker's Oak — # southwestern North America
• Quercus laceyi — Lacey Oak — Edwards Plateau of Texas, northern Mexico
• Quercus lanata — Woolly-leaved Oak — # Himalayas
• Quercus leucotrichophora — Banj Oak — # Himalayas
• Quercus lobata — Valley Oak or California White Oak — California
• Quercus lusitanica — Gall Oak or Lusitanian Oak — Iberia, North Africa
• Quercus lyrata — Overcup Oak — eastern North America
• Quercus macrocarpa — Bur Oak — eastern and central North America
• Quercus mohriana — Mohr Oak — # southwestern North America
• Quercus michauxii — Swamp Chestnut Oak — eastern North America
• Quercus minima — Dwarf Live Oak — # southeastern North America
• Quercus mongolica — Mongolian Oak — eastern Asia
• Quercus muehlenbergii — Chinkapin Oak — eastern, central, and southwestern US (West Texas and New Mexico), northern Mexico
• Quercus nigra — Water Oak — South Eastern U.S.
• Quercus oblongifolia — Mexican Blue Oak — # southwestern U.S., nw. Mexico
• Quercus oglethorpensis — Oglethorpe Oak — southeastern North America
• Quercus oleoides — # from Costa Rica into Mexico
• Quercus peduncularis — # Central America
• Quercus petraea — Sessile Oak — Europe, Anatolia
• Quercus polymorpha — Monterrey Oak, Mexican White Oak — # Mexico and extreme S. Texas
• Quercus prinoides — Dwarf Chinkapin Oak — eastern North America
• Quercus prinus — Chestnut Oak — eastern North America (= Quercus montana)
• Quercus pubescens — Downy Oak — Europe, Anatolia
• Quercus pungens — Sandpaper Oak — # south central North America
• Quercus robur — Pedunculate Oak or English Oak — Europe, West Asia
• Quercus rugosa — Netleaf Oak — # southwestern U.S., nw. Mexico
• Quercus sadleriana — Deer Oak — # sw. Oregon, northern California
• Quercus stellata — Post Oak — eastern North America
• Quercus toumeyi — Toumey Oak — # southwest New Mexico, southeastern Arizona, northern Mexico
• Quercus turbinella — Shrub Live Oak or Scrub Live Oak — # southwestern North America
• Quercus vaseyana — Vasey Oak — # southwestern North America
• Quercus virginiana — Southern Live Oak — # southeastern North America

Section Mesobalanus

Europe, Asia, north Africa. Styles long; acorns mature in 6 months, bitter, inside of acorn shell hairless (closely related to sect. Quercus and sometimes included in it).

• Quercus canariensis — Mirbeck's Oak or Algerian Oak — # North Africa & Spain
• Quercus dentata — Daimyo Oak — eastern Asia
• Quercus frainetto — Hungarian Oak or Italian Oak — southeastern Europe
• Quercus macranthera — Caucasian Oak or Persian Oak — western Asia
• Quercus pontica — Armenian Oak — western Asia
• Quercus pyrenaica — Pyrenean Oak — southwestern Europe
• Quercus vulcanica — Kasnak Oak — southwestern Asia

Section Cerris

Europe, Asia, north Africa. Styles long; acorns mature in 18 months, very bitter, inside of acorn shell hairless or slightly hairy.

• Quercus acutissima — Sawtooth Oak — eastern Asia
• Quercus alnifolia — Golden Oak — # Cyprus
• Quercus calliprinos — Palestine Oak — # southwestern Asia
• Quercus castaneifolia — Chestnut-leaved Oak — Caucasus, Iran (Persia)
• Quercus cerris — Turkey Oak — southern Europe, southwestern Asia
• Quercus coccifera — Kermes Oak — # southern Europe
• Quercus infectoria — Aleppo Oak, Cyprus Oak — southern Europe, southwestern Asia
• Quercus libani — Lebanon Oak — southwestern Asia
• Quercus macrolepis — Vallonea Oak — # southwestern Asia
• Quercus semecarpifolia — Brown Oak or Kharshu Oak — # Himalayas
• Quercus suber — Cork Oak — # southwestern Europe, northwestern Africa
• Quercus trojana — Macedonian Oak — # southeastern Europe
• Quercus variabilis — Chinese Cork Oak — eastern Asia

Section Protobalanus

The intermediate oaks. Southwest USA & northwest Mexico. Styles short, acorns mature in 18 months, very bitter, inside of acorn shell woolly.

• Quercus cedrosensis — Cedros Island Oak — # Baja California
• Quercus chrysolepis — Canyon Live Oak — # southwestern North America
• Quercus palmeri — Palmer Oak — # sw. Oregon, California, western Arizona
• Quercus tomentella — Island Oak — # California offshore islands
• Quercus vaccinifolia — Huckleberry Oak — # southwestern North America

Section Lobatae

The red oaks (synonym sect. Erythrobalanus). North, Central & South America. Styles long, acorns mature in 18 months, very bitter, inside of acorn shell woolly.

• Quercus acerifolia — Maple-leaved Oak or Mapleleaf Oak — south central North America
• Quercus agrifolia — Coast Live Oak — # California, northern Baja California
• Quercus arkansana — Arkansas Oak — Southeastern North America
• Quercus buckleyi — Texas Red Oak — southwestern North America
• Quercus canbyi — Canby Oak or Mexican Red Oak — # Mexico
• Quercus castanea — # Mexico
• Quercus coccinea — Scarlet Oak — eastern North America
• Quercus costaricensis — # Costa Rica, Panama
• Quercus cualensis — # Mexico (Sierra Madre del Sur)
• Quercus depressa — Mexico
• Quercus eduardii — Mexico
• Quercus ellipsoidalis — Northern Pin Oak — eastern North America
• Quercus emoryi — Emory Oak — # southwestern U.S., northern Mexico
• Quercus falcata — Southern Red Oak or Spanish Oak — southeastern North America
• Quercus gravesii — Chisos Red Oak or Graves Oak — Mexico, southwestern North America (Texas)
• Quercus graciliformis — Chisos Oak — # Extreme SW North America
• Quercus georgiana — Georgia Oak — southeastern North America
• Quercus hintoniorum — # Mexico
• Quercus hirtifolia — # Mexico
• Quercus humboldtii — Andean Oak — # northern South America (Colombia)
• Quercus hypoleucoides — Silverleaf Oak — # southwestern North America
• Quercus hypoxantha — # Mexico
• Quercus ilicifolia — Bear Oak — eastern North America
• Quercus iltisii — # Southern Mexico
• Quercus imbricaria — Shingle Oak — eastern North America
• Quercus incana — Bluejack Oak — southeastern North America
• Quercus inopina — Sandhill Oak — # southeastern North America
• Quercus kelloggii — California Black Oak — California, sw. Oregon
• Quercus laevis — Turkey Oak — southeastern North America
• Quercus laurifolia — Laurel Oak — # southeastern North America
• Quercus laurina — # Mexico
• Quercus marilandica — Blackjack Oak — eastern North America
• Quercus myrtifolia — Myrtle Oak — # southeastern North America
• Quercus nigra — Water Oak — # eastern North America
• Quercus pagoda – Cherrybark Oak — southeastern North America
• Quercus palustris — Pin Oak — eastern North America
• Quercus parvula — Santa Cruz Island Scrub Oak — # Santa Cruz Island California
• Quercus phellos — Willow Oak — eastern North America
• Quercus pumila — Runner Oak — # southeastern North America
• Quercus rapurahuensis — Talamanca Oak — # Costa Rica, Panama
• Quercus rhysophylla — Loquat-leaf Oak — # Mexico
• Quercus rubra — Northern Red Oak — eastern North America
• Quercus salicifolia — # Mexico
• Quercus sapotifolia — # southern Mexico, Central America
• Quercus shumardii — Shumard Oak — eastern North America
• Quercus tardifolia — Lateleaf Oak — # two small clumps in Chisos Mountains of Texas
• Quercus texana — Nuttall's Oak — south central North America (Lower Mississippi River Valley)
• Quercus velutina — Black Oak or Eastern Black Oak or Dyer's Oak — eastern North America
• Quercus wislizeni — Interior Live Oak — # California
• Quercus xalapensis — Mexico

Subgenus Cyclobalanopsis

The ring-cupped oaks (synonym genus Cyclobalanopsis). Eastern and southeastern Asia. They are distinct from subgenus Quercus in that they have acorns with distinctive cups bearing concrescent rings of scales; they commonly also have densely clustered acorns, though this does not apply to all of the species. About 150 species.

Selected species

• Quercus acuta — Japanese Evergreen Oak. # Japan, Korea.
• Quercus albicaulis — # China.
• Quercus argentata — # Malaysia, Indonesia.
• Quercus argyrotricha — # Guizhou (China).
• Quercus augustinii — # China, Vietnam.
• Quercus austrocochinchinensis — # China, Vietnam, Thailand.
• Quercus austroglauca — # China.
• Quercus bella — # China.
• Quercus blakei — # China, Vietnam, Laos.
• Quercus camusiae — # China, Vietnam.
• Quercus championii — # China, Taiwan.
• Quercus chapensis — # China, Vietnam.
• Quercus chevalieri — # China, Vietnam.
• Quercus chingsiensis — # China.
• Quercus chungii — # China.
• Quercus daimingshanensis — # China.
• Quercus delavayi — # China.
• Quercus delicatula — # China.
• Quercus dinghuensis — # China.
• Quercus disciformis — # China.
• Quercus edithiae — # China, Vietnam.
• Quercus elevaticostata — # Fujian (China).
• Quercus fleuryi — # China, Vietnam, Laos.
• Quercus gambleana — # China, India.
• Quercus gemelliflora — # Malaysia, Indonesia.
• Quercus gilva — # Japan, Taiwan, China.
• Quercus glauca — Ring-cupped Oak. # From Afghanistan to Japan and Vietnam.
• Quercus helferiana — # China, India, Burma/Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam.
• Quercus hondae — # Kyūshū (Japan).
• Quercus hui — # China.
• Quercus hypophaea — # Taiwan.
• Quercus jenseniana — # China.
• Quercus jinpinensis — # China.
• Quercus kerrii — Kerr's Oak. # Vietnam, Thailand, possibly China.
• Quercus kiukiangensis — # China.
• Quercus kouangsiensis — # China.
• Quercus lamellosa — # Himalayas.
• Quercus lineata — # Malaysia, Indonesia.
• Quercus litoralis — # China.
• Quercus litseoides — # China.
• Quercus lobbii — # China, India.
• Quercus longinux — # Taiwan.
• Quercus lowii — # Borneo.
• Quercus lungmaiensis — # Yunnan (China).
• Quercus merrillii — # Sabah and Sarawak (Malaysia), Palawan (Philippines).
• Quercus morii — # Taiwan.
• Quercus motuoensis — # China.
• Quercus multinervis — # China.
• Quercus myrsinifolia — Bamboo-leaf Oak. # China, Japan, Korea, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam.
• Quercus neglecta — # China, Vietnam.
• Quercus ningangensis — # China.
• Quercus obovatifolia — # China.
• Quercus oxyodon — # Assam, Myanmar, China, Bhutan, Nepal.
• Quercus pachyloma — # China, Taiwan.
• Quercus patelliformis — # China.
• Quercus pentacycla — # China.
• Quercus phanera — # China.
• Quercus poilanei — # China, Vietnam, Thailand.
• Quercus rex — # China, Vietnam, India, Laos, Myanmar.
• Quercus salicina — # Japan, South Korea.
• Quercus saravanensis — # China, Laos, Vietnam.
• Quercus schottkyana — # China.
• Quercus semiserrata — # China, Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Thailand.
• Quercus sessilifolia — # Japan, Taiwan, China.
• Quercus sichourensis — # Yunnan (China).
• Quercus stenophylloides — # Taiwan.
• Quercus stewardiana — # China.
• Quercus subhinoidea — # China.
• Quercus subsericea — # Malaysia, Indonesia.
• Quercus sumatrana — # Indonesia
• Quercus thorelii — # China, Laos, Vietnam.
• Quercus tomentosinervis — # China.
• Quercus treubiana — # Sumatra, Borneo.
• Quercus xanthotricha — # China, Laos, Vietnam.
• Quercus yingjiangensis — # China.

Notes

# Species with evergreen foliage ("live oaks") are tagged #. Note that the change from deciduous to evergreen character (or vice-versa) has evolved on numerous occasions in Quercus, and does not necessarily indicate that the species concerned are closely related.

External links

• Flora of North America — Quercus
• Flora of China — Quercus
• Flora of China — Cyclobalanopsis
• Americanredoak.info

Sources

• Ohwi, J. Flora of Japan, 1984. ISBN 978-0874747089
• Soepadmo, E., Julia, S., & Rusea G. Fagaceae. In Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak, Volume 3, 2006. Soepadmo, E., Saw, L.G. eds. Government of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. ISBN 983-2181-06-2

References

1. ^ David J. Mabberley. 1987. The Plant-Book first edition (1987). Cambridge University Press: UK. ISBN 0-521-34060-8