37th United States Congress

The Thirty-seventh United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4 1861 to March 3 1863, during the first two years of the first administration of U.S. President Abraham Lincoln.

The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the Seventh Census of the United States in 1850. Both chambers had a Republican majority.

Dates of sessions

March 4 1861 - March 3 1863
*Special session of the Senate: March 4 1861 – March 28 1861
*First session: July 4 1861 – August 6 1861
*Second session: December 2 1861 - July 17 1862
*Third session: December 1 1862 - March 3 1863 — a lame duck sessionPrevious: 36th Congress • Next: 38th Congress

Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

enate

*Democratic "(D)": 15
*Republican "(R)": 31 "(majority)"
*Unionist "(U)": 3
*vacant: 1TOTAL members: 50

House of Representatives

*Democratic "(D)": 44
*Republican "(R)": 108 "(majority)"
*Constitutional Unionist "(CU)": 2
*Unionist "(U)": 28
*Independent Democratic "(ID)": 1TOTAL members: 183

Leadership

enate

* President: Hannibal Hamlin (R)
* President "pro tempore" of the Senate: Solomon Foot (R)

House of Representatives

* Speaker: Galusha A. Grow (R)

Major events

:"Main article: Events of 1861; Events of 1862; Events of 1863"
*1861-03-04 - Abraham Lincoln became President of the United States
*1861-04-12 - Hostilities begin the American Civil War. War continues until 1865.

Major legislation

:"Main article: List of United States federal legislation in the 37th Congress
*August 5, 1861 - Revenue Act of 1861, Sess. 2, ch. 45, USStat|12|242
*May 20 1862 - Homestead Act, Sess. 2, ch. 75, USStat|12|392
*July 1, 1862 - Revenue Act of 1862, Sess. 2, ch. 119, USStat|12|432
*July 1, 1862 - Pacific Railway Act, Sess. 2, ch. 120, USStat|12|489
*July 2, 1862 - Morrill Land Grant Colleges Act, Sess. 2, ch. 130, USStat|12|503 (usc|7|301 "et seq.")
*July 17, 1862 - Militia Act of 1862, Sess. 2, ch. 201, USStat|12|597
*February 24 1863 - Arizona Territory organized, Sess. 3, ch. 56, USStat|12|664
*February 25 1863 - National Banking Act, Sess. 3, ch 58, USStat|12|665
*March 2 1863 - False Claims Act, Sess. 3, ch. 67, USStat|12|696 (usc|31|3729 "et seq.")
*March 3 1863 - Enrollment Act, Sess. 3, ch. 75, USStat|12|731
*March 3 1863 - Idaho Territory organized, Sess. 3, ch. 117, USStat|12|808

States seceded and Territories organized

ecession

Congress did not accept secession. Seceeding states lost their representation in Congress.
* Already seceeded: South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas.
* Seceeded during this Congress:
**Virginia (April 17 1861) [The text of [http://gen.1starnet.com/civilwar/vaord.htm Virginia's Ordinance of Secession] .] (See also rump Union government of Virginia [Virginia did not turn over its military to the Confederate States until June 8, 1861 and the Constitution of the Confederate States was ratified on June 19 1861.]
** Arkansas (May 6, 1861) [The text of [http://gen.1starnet.com/civilwar/arord.htm Arkansas' Ordinance of Secession] .]
** North Carolina (May 20 1861) [The text of [http://gen.1starnet.com/civilwar/ncord.htm North Carolina's Ordinance of Secession] .]
** Tennessee (June 8 1861) [The text of [http://gen.1starnet.com/civilwar/tnord.htm Tennessee's Ordinance of Secession] .] [The Tennessee legislature ratified an agreement to enter a military league with the Confederate States on May 7, 1861. Tennessee voters approved the agreement on June 8, 1861.]

Territories organized

* March 3, 1863 — Idaho Territory organized, Sess. 3, ch. 117, USStat|12|808

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.

enate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1862; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1864; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1866.

=Alabama=

*2: vacant
*3: vacant

=Arkansas=

*2: William K. Sebastian (D)
*3: Charles B. Mitchel (D)

=California=

*1: Milton S. Latham (D)
*3: James A. McDougall (D)

=Connecticut=

*3: La Fayette S. Foster (R)
*1: James Dixon (R)

=Delaware=

*1: James A. Bayard, Jr. (D)
*2: Willard Saulsbury, Sr. (D)

=Florida=

*1: vacant
*3: vacant

=Georgia=

*2: vacant
*3: vacant

=Illinois=

*2: Stephen A. Douglas (D)
*: Orville H. Browning (R)
*: William A. Richardson (D)
*3: Lyman Trumbull (R)

=Indiana=

*1: Jesse D. Bright (D)
*: Joseph A. Wright (U)
*: David Turpie (D)
*3: Henry S. Lane (R)

=Iowa=

*3: James Harlan (R)
*2: James W. Grimes (R)

=Kansas=

*3: Samuel C. Pomeroy (R)
*2: James H. Lane (R)

=Kentucky=

*2: Lazarus W. Powell (D)
*3: John C. Breckinridge (D)
*: Garrett Davis (U)

=Louisiana=

*2: vacant
*3: vacant

=Maine=

*2: William Pitt Fessenden (R)
*1: Lot M. Morrill (R)

=Maryland=

*3: James A. Pearce (D)
*: Thomas H. Hicks (U)
*1: Anthony Kennedy (U)

=Massachusetts=

*1: Charles Sumner (R)
*2: Henry Wilson (R)

=Michigan=

*1: Zachariah Chandler (R)
*2: Kinsley S. Bingham (R)
*: Jacob M. Howard (R)

=Minnesota=

*1: Henry M. Rice (D)
*2: Morton S. Wilkinson (R)

=Mississippi=

*1: vacant
*2: vacant

=Missouri=

*1: Trusten Polk (D)
*: John B. Henderson (U)
*3: Waldo Porter Johnson (D)
*: Robert Wilson (U)

=New Hampshire=

*2: John P. Hale (R)
*3: Daniel Clark (R)

=New Jersey=

*1: John R. Thomson (D)
*: Richard S. Field (R)
*: James W. Wall (D)
*2: John C. Ten Eyck (R)

=New York=

*1: Preston King (R)
*3: Ira Harris (R)

=North Carolina=

*3: Thomas L. Clingman (D)
*2: Thomas Bragg (D)

=Ohio=

*1: Benjamin F. Wade (R)
*3: Salmon P. Chase (R)
*: John Sherman (R)

=Oregon=

*2: Edward D. Baker (R)
*: Benjamin Stark (D)
*: Benjamin F. Harding (D)
*3: James W. Nesmith (D)

=Pennsylvania=

*1: Simon Cameron (R)
*: David Wilmot (R)
*3: Edgar Cowan (R)

=Rhode Island=

*1: James F. Simmons (R)
*: Samuel G. Arnold (R)
*2: Henry B. Anthony (R)

=South Carolina=

*2: vacant
*3: vacant

=Tennessee=

*1: Andrew Johnson (D)
*2: Alfred O. P. Nicholson (D)

=Texas=

*2: John Hemphill (D)
*1: Louis T. Wigfall (D)

=Vermont=

*1: Solomon Foot (R)
*3: Jacob Collamer (R)

=Virginia=

*1: James M. Mason (D)
*: Waitman T. Willey (U)
*2: Robert M. T. Hunter (D)
*: John S. Carlile (U)

=Wisconsin=

*1: James R. Doolittle (R)
*3: Timothy O. Howe (R)

House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives elected statewide at-large, are preceded by an "A/L," and the names of those elected from districts, are preceded by their district numbers. Many of the congressional district numbers are linked to articles describing the district itself. Since the boundaries of the districts have changed often and substantially, the linked article may only describe the district as it exists today, and not as it was at the time of this Congress.

=Alabama=

*ushr|Delaware|AL|A/L: George P. Fisher (U)

=Florida=

*ushr|Florida|AL|A/L: Vacant

=Georgia=

=Illinois=

=Indiana=

=Iowa=

=Kansas=

*ushr|Kansas|AL|A/L: Martin F. Conway (R)

=Maine=

=Ohio=

=Oregon=

*ushr|Oregon|AL|A/L: Andrew J. Thayer (D)
*: George K. Shiel (D)

=Texas=

=Vermont=

=Virginia=

=Wisconsin=

Non-voting members

Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

enate

*replacements: 12
** Democratic: 6 seat net loss
** Republican: 1 set net gain
** Unionist Party: 5 seat net gain
*deaths: 4
*resignations: 4
*expulsions: 9
*withdrawals: 4
*vacancy: 11
*interim appointments: 4
*seats from newly admitted states: 2
*Total seats with changes: 20

House of Representatives

*replacements: 19
** Democratic: 1 seat net gain
** Republican: 3 seat net loss
** Constitutional Unionist: 1 seat net loss
** Unionist Party: 1 seat net gain
*deaths: 4
*resignations: 13
*expulsions: 3
*contested election: 3
*Total seats with changes: 23

Employees

*Architect of the Capitol: Thomas U. Walter

enate

*Secretary:
** Asbury Dickens of North Carolina elected December 12 1836
** John W. Forney of Pennsylvania elected July 15 1861
*Sergeant at Arms:
** Dunning R. McNair of Pennsylvania, elected March 17 1853
** George T. Brown of Illinois, elected July 6 1861
*Chaplain
** Phineas D. Gurley, "Presbyterian", elected December 15 1859
** Byron Sunderland, "Presbyterian", elected July 10 1861

House of Representatives

*Clerk: Emerson Etheridge of Tennessee
*Sergeant at Arms: Edward Ball of Ohio
*Doorkeeper: Ira Goodnow of New York
*Postmaster: William S. King of Minnesota
*Messenger to the Speaker: Thaddeus Morrice
*Chaplain of the House: Thomas H. Stockton, "Methodist"

Notes

References

External links

* [http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/amlaw/lwsllink.html Statutes at Large, 1789-1875]
* [http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/amlaw/lwsjlink.html Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress]
* [http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/amlaw/lwhjlink.html#anchor2 House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress]
* [http://www.gpoaccess.gov/serialset/cdocuments/hd108-222/index.html Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress]
* [http://clerk.house.gov/art_history/house_history/index.html U.S. House of Representatives: House History]
* [http://www.senate.gov/pagelayout/reference/two_column_table/stats_and_lists.htm U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists]

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