Wikia

Wikia
Wikia, Inc.
Type Private
Founded 2004
Founder Jimmy Wales and Angela Beesley
Headquarters San Francisco, California, US
Key people Craig Palmer (CEO)
Products Wiki hosting
Employees 127 (September 2011)[1]
Website wikia.com
Alexa rank decrease 203 (November 2011)[2]
Type of site Wiki farm
Advertising Direct and ad networks
Registration Optional
Available in Multilingual
Launched 2004
Current status Active

Wikia (formerly Wikicities) is a free web hosting service for wikis (or wiki farm). It is normally free of charge for readers and editors, deriving most of its income from advertising, and publishes all user-provided text under copyleft licenses. Wikia hosts several hundred thousand wikis using the open-source wiki software MediaWiki. Its operator, Wikia, Inc., is a for-profit Delaware company founded in late 2004[3] by Jimmy Wales and Angela Beesley — respectively Chairman Emeritus and Advisory Board member of the Wikimedia Foundation — and headed by Craig Palmer as CEO.[4]

Contents

History

Wikia spent over a year going by the name "Wikicities "(inviting comparisons to GeoCities),[5] but changed its name to "Wikia" on March 27th, 2006, saying that "the name Wikicities has often caused confusion, with many people believing it was a site for city guides rather than wikis about any topic."[6] In the month before the move, Wikia announced a US$4 million venture capital investment from Bessemer Venture Partners and First Round Capital.[7] Nine months later, Amazon.com invested US$10 million in Series B funding,[8] with senior VP of business development Jeff Blackburn joining the company board.[9]

In November 2006, Wikia claimed to have spent only $5.74 on marketing, while generating 40 to 50 million page views.[9] The company later spent $2 million to purchase ArmchairGM, a sports forum and wiki, previously an independently hosted site.[9]

Wikia announced the creation of its one hundredth wiki on February 3, 2005.[10] As of July 2007, it had over 3,000 wikis in over 50 languages.[11] Wikia's growth stems not only from wikis founded on Wikia, but also from incorporating formerly independent wikis that joined Wikia over time, such as LyricWiki, The Vault, Uncyclopedia and WoWWiki.[12][13][14]

On April 7, 2010 Wikia announced the creation of its 100,000th wiki.[15] In May 2010, the company offered the removal of external ads (though not internal promotions) for a fee, but only for wikis with fewer than 20,000 page-views per month.[16]

Topics and wikis

Wikia covers a broad range of topics; almost any project not founded on hate, libel, pornography or copyright infringement is allowed, as long as it does not duplicate Wikimedia Foundation projects.[17] Many hosted wikis follow the style of Wikipedia, but offer detail beyond what is considered appropriate for a general encyclopedia. For example, a minor character in a Star Wars film may have its own article on Wookieepedia.[18] Another example is that content that is generally considered beyond the scope of information of Wikipedia articles on video games and related video game topics, such as detailed instructions, gameplay details, plot details, and so forth, are offered on video game related wikis hosted by Wikia. Gameplay concepts can also have their own articles. Wikia also allows wikis to have a point of view, rather than the neutral POV on Wikipedia. However, many wikis choose to follow a neutral point of view policy regardless.

Wikia requires all user text content to be published under a free license;[19] most use the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license, although Memory Alpha and Uncyclopedia use a noncommercial variant and some use the GNU Free Documentation License.[nb 1][20]

Questions and answers site

Wikia has struggled several times to open a question-and-answer site akin to Google Answers and similar ventures. In January 2009, the company relaunched this effort, which used the name "Wikianswers", which drew criticism from Answers.com, which had a preexisting site called WikiAnswers.[21] Answers.com CEO Bob Rosenschein stated, "Wikia is creating market confusion by associating its Q&A category with our market-leading WikiAnswers domain and site."[22]

In March 2010, Wikia re-launched "Answers from Wikia",[23] where users could create topic-specialized knowledge market wikis based upon Wikia's own Wikianswers subdomain.

OpenServing

OpenServing was a short-lived Web publishing project owned by Wikia, founded on December 12, 2006,[24][25] and abandoned, unannounced, in January 2008.[26] Like Wikia, OpenServing was to offer free wiki hosting, but it would differ in that each wiki's founder would retain any revenue gained from advertising on the site.[24][27][28] OpenServing used a modified version of the Wikimedia Foundation's MediaWiki software created by ArmchairGM, but was intended to branch out to other open source packages.[24][29]

According to Wikia co-founder and chairman Jimmy Wales, the OpenServing site received several thousand applications in January 2007.[30] However, after a year, no sites had been launched under the OpenServing banner. Angela Beesley, a co-founder and vice president of Community at Wikia described OpenServing as "never very popular or successful", and said Wikia's efforts had been refocused on wikia.com, to which openserving.com redirects.[26]

ArmchairGM

ArmchairGM was a sports forum and wiki site created by Dan Lewis, Aaron Wright, Robert Lefkowitz and developer David Pean. Launched in early 2006, the site was initially US-based, but sought to improve its links to sports associated with Britain over its first year. Its MediaWiki-based software included a Digg-style article-voting mechanism, blog-like comment forms with "thumbs up/down" user feedback, and the ability to write multiple types of posts (news, opinions, or "locker room" discussion entries).

In late 2006, the site was bought by Wikia for $2 million.[31] After the purchase was made, the former owners applied ArmchairGM's architecture to other Wikia sites.

For Super Bowl XLI, the site made charity donations for every comment posted. The main hub of this commenting was in a live blog.[32] An ArmchairGM contributor operating under the pseudonym Manny Stiles auctioned his blogging services on eBay in early 2007. Tampa Bay Devil Rays President Matt Silverman bought the 33 year old blogger's work for $535, before adding another $1000. The money went to AIDS awareness.[33]

On March 20, 2008, Sports Illustrated added a section to their website called the SI Vault Wiki, pointing to the ArmchairGM encyclopedia.[34]

From September 2010 to February 2011, Wikia absorbed the site's encyclopedia articles and blanked all of its old blog entries, effectively discontinuing ArmchairGM in its original form.

On 1 August 2011, ArmchairGM's codebase was open-sourced.[35]

Software and hardware

Wikia runs a modified version of MediaWiki[36] on Linux (Red Hat, Debian and Ubuntu) servers. The Wikia file store as of June 2011 includes over 8 million files stored on SSD.[37]

Search engines

Wikiasari

Wikia Inc. initially proposed creating a copyleft search engine; the software (but not the site) was named "Wikiasari" by a November 2004 naming contest.[nb 2] The proposal became inactive in 2005.

Search Wikia

Main article: Wikia Search

The "public alpha" of Wikia Search web search engine was launched on January 7, 2008[38] from the USSHC underground data center.[39] This roll-out version of the search interface was roundly panned by reviewers in technology media.[40] The project was ended in March 2009.[41]

Current search engine

Late in 2009, a new search engine was established to index and display results from all sites hosted on Wikia.[42]

Company

Wikia, Inc. is based in San Francisco (500 Third Street, SoMa district), California, US[43] The company was originally incorporated in Florida in December 2004 and re-incorporated in Delaware as Wikia, Inc. on January 10, 2006.

Angela Beesley has served since the beginning as Wikia's Vice-President of Community Relations.[44] Gil Penchina, a previous angel investor[44] and former vice president and general manager at eBay, was hired as CEO on June 5, 2006.[45] Michael E. Davis, a former business partner of Wales who served for years as a founding member of the Wikimedia Foundation board and was that organization's Treasurer, was named Treasurer and Secretary of Wikia in January 2006.

In October 2011, Wikia announced that Craig Palmer, the former CEO of Gracenote, would replace Penchina as CEO, and that Jennifer Betka would commence in the new position of senior vice president of marketing.[4]

Wikia has technical staff in the USA, but also has an office in Poznań, Poland in 2006. Explaining his choice of location, Wales commented "It's about reasonable salaries and high quality. You can find cheaper programmers in other parts of the world, but the quality's not there!"[11]

Wikia derives income from advertising. The company initially used Google AdSense,[46] but moved on to Federated Media before bringing ad management in-house.[47]

Controversy

Advertising and use of free content

Wikia has sometimes expanded by acquiring an existing wiki's domain name, user lists, and databases, from a founder or co-founder in return for money and stock options.[48] The original wiki is then shut down without consulting its editors or wider community, and the domain redirected to Wikia's version of the project. In at least two cases[nb 3][49] the content was under a non-commercial license, raising the question of whether the wikis could legitimately be sold to Wikia for commercial use.[50] In 2009, Wikia added an extension where users could create magazines of content pages, through partner MagCloud;[51] however, this was not disabled on wikis with a "Noncommercial" clause on their license, which would break the license.

Once on Wikia, wiki communities have complained of inappropriate advertisements, or advertising in the body text area.[52] There is no easy way for individual communities to switch to conventional paid hosting, as Wikia usually owns the relevant domain names. If a community leaves Wikia for new hosting, the company typically continues to operate the abandoned wiki using its original name and content, adversely affecting the new wiki's search rankings, for advertising revenue.[53]

Wikia and the Wikimedia Foundation

Wikia has been accused of unduly profiting from a perceived association with Wikipedia.[54] Although Wikia has been referred to in the media as "the commercial counterpart to the non-profit Wikipedia",[55][56] Wikimedia[57] and Wikia staff[58] call this description inaccurate.

In 2006, the Wikimedia Foundation shared hosting and bandwidth costs with Wikia, and received some donated office space from Wikia during the fiscal year ending June 30, 2006. At the end of fiscal year 2007, Wikia owed the Foundation US$6,000. As of June 2007, two members of the Foundation's Board of Directors also served as employees, officers, or directors of Wikia.[59] In January 2009, Wikia subleased two conference rooms to the Wikimedia Foundation for the Wikipedia Usability Initiative.[60] According to a 2009 email by Erik Möller, deputy director of the Wikimedia Foundation, bid averaging was used "as a way to arrive at a fair market rate".[61]

Domain and skin assimilation

The main page of a Wikia site with the defunct "Monaco" skin.
An article as seen with Wikia's new skin.

Wikia has merged separately founded wikis, such as Uncyclopedia, to subdomains of wikia.com against contributors' wishes, citing a need to boost its attractiveness to advertisers.[62] The company intended to merge Memory Alpha, WoWWiki, and Zelda Wiki in a similar fashion;[63][64] the proposal was successfully opposed by users of all three sites.[65][66][67] Zelda Wiki is still an independent wiki, while WoWWiki and Memory Alpha were merged but allowed to keep their domain names.

In June 2008, Wikia adopted a new skin, Monaco, intending to implement it as the default on almost all hosted wikis.[68] The skin had an uneven reception, with issues over the prominent branding, in-content format-altering ads, and the mandatory nature of the change.[69] Many wiki users felt the choice of skin default should remain their own. The switch went ahead, but some wikis retained Monobook as their default. In September 2008, the Transformers Wikia moved content to their own server, citing the format-altering ads and mandatory changes as reasons for their departure.[70][71] WikiFur moved likewise in August 2009.[72]

In May 2009, Wikia removed the ability of individual users to choose a skin other than Monaco or Monobook, claiming a testing burden and relative lack of features. Soon after, Wikia removed the option to set the default skin to Monobook, with the exception of certain large wikis, namely, Uncyclopedia.[73]

In August 2010, Wikia announced a new mandatory skin change, this time to a new look nicknamed "Oasis".[74] The new skin omitted several features, such as the popular shoutbox.[75] On September 23, 2010, Wikia introduced the new skin in public beta with the option to be the default skin for certain wikis, like Muppet Wiki.[76] Wikia also revealed the official name of the new skin, Wikia.[77] The Wikia skin became the default skin on Wikia on November 3, 2010. Wikia also changed the Terms of Use, prohibiting any modification that changes the default layout of the skin.[78] As a result of the skin change, some users have proposed to move their wikis to another wiki farm and have created an "Anti-Wikia Alliance" with comments against the new skin, links to wiki farms and a database to keep all the moving wikis.[79] Some wikis, like Guildwiki,[80] have moved from Wikia to Curse.com, but decided to leave a presence on Wikia, but with a different purpose from their main site on a new host.[81] Some large wikis like Halopedia,[82][83] Club Penguin Wiki,[84][85] WikiSimpsons[86] and Grand Theft Wiki[87] have already moved, while others such as MicroWiki,[88] SmashWiki [89], WoWWiki[90] and The Vault[91] have all moved from Wikia also. The new look has been described by Wikia as "sleek" and is supposed to be helpful to new users,[92] but many of the changes have drawn criticism from older users.[93] One such criticism is the greatly reduced width of page content, causing infoboxes and other templates to break the page if they go beyond the fixed margin. Because of this, subdomains such as Marvel Database[94] and DozerfleetWiki[95] have put notices on their front pages strongly encouraging users to switch their personal preferences to Monobook to make the sites easier to use.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Most content on Wikia was licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License until June 19, 2009, at which point most wikis were relicensed to CC-BY-SA.
  2. ^ The name was derived from the Hawaiian word for "quick" and asari, Japanese for "rummaging search".
  3. ^ The acquisition of uncyclopedia.org from Jonathan Huang in July 2006 and gamewikis.org from Phil Nelson in October 2007

References

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  36. ^ Wikia's Subversion repository
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