- Cinema of Central Asia
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The Cinema of Central Asia refers to the cinema of the five Central Asian countries (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan). Central Asian cinema can further be divided into three historical periods, Soviet Central Asian film (1919–1987), a New Wave of Central Asian film (1988–1992), and the modern period of film of the independent Central Asian countries (1992–present).
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Cinema of Kazakhstan
The cinema of Kazakhstan was recognized as a hub of Soviet documentaries and "Eastern style" romantics. Almaty,Kazakhstan is the starting place of the Kazakh "New Wave" of perestroika-era cinema (see Rashid Nugmanov). The independent film in Kazakhstan now is characterized by historical epics, such as Sergei Dvortsevoy's "Tulip".
Cinema of Kyrgyzstan
Early Kyrgyz film can be characterized by Russian-language Soviet films, such as "The First Teacher" by Andrei Konchalovsky. Later Kyrgyz films, such as Beshkempir were filmed in the Kyrgyz language and dealt with themes of urban and rural differences in Kyrygyzstan.
Cinema of Tajikistan
Tajik cinema in the Soviet era was marked by propaganda and an emphasis on secularism. Since Tajikistan's independence, Tajik cinema has grown into its own. Because of the Tajik Civil War from 1992–1997, virtually all of Tajik cinema before the new millennium was made abroad. Drawing from cinematic traditions in the East, West, and South (particularly from Iranian cinema), Tajik directors have been able to create influential films about the social and historical conditions of their land. Some major films include Bakhtyar Khudojnazarov's [Kosh ba kosh]. The cinema of Tajikistan is held back by a lack of government funding.
Cinema of Turkmenistan
Turkmen cinema has historically been highly regulated by the state government and has been reflective of the political trends. Cinema in Turkmenistan was completely abolished by President Saparmurat Niyazov in the year 2000. Several important films were created in the 1990s including Little Angel, Make Me Happy by director Sapar Usmanov.
Cinema of Uzbekistan
Uzbek film has a long list of films produced in the Soviet era and the modern era. Many films are now influenced by the Cinema of India. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Uzbek cinema firmly turned its orientation to the East, with films criticizing the Soviet past, including Yusup Usmanov's The Orator. (See Cinema of Uzbekistan).
Further reading
1. Ten Years Under the Winds of Different Ideologies (Gulnara Abikeeva)http://www.kinokultura.com/CA/A2tenyears.html
2. Central Asian Films (Jared Rapfogel) http://www.sensesofcinema.com/2003/feature-articles/central_asian_films/
3. Young Kazakh Filmmakers: New “New Wave” on the Road (Jane Knox-Voina) http://www.kinokultura.com/2010/27-knoxvoina.shtml
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