Mongolian nationality law

The flag of Mongolia

The Mongolian nationality law is a nationality law determines who is a citizen of Mongolia.

Current law

Current citizenship law is guided by the 1992 Constitution of Mongolia and, more importantly, the Law of Mongolia on Citizenship.^[1][2]

Obtaining citizenship

If both of the parents of a child are Mongolian - irrespective of where the child is born - than the child is automatically Mongolian. A child born to one Mongolian parent inside of Mongolia is also considered Mongolian.

A child who is within the territory of Mongolia whose parents are not identified is a Mongolian citizen.^[2]

Foreigners may apply for citizenship through the President's office as well, or through a Mongolian embassy.^[3]

Mongolians who are adopted by foreigners have "the right to choose his/her own nationality" according to the Family law of Mongolia, Chapter 7, Article 58.9.^[4]

History

Before 1992, in the Mongolian People's Republic, citizenship by birth was determined by the nationality of the parents.^[5] Any child born anywhere with at least one parent with Mongolian citizenship is also a citizen of Mongolia. Before the fall of the Soviet Union, dual citizenship between the two countries was accepted. The statute was agreed upon by the Mongolian Council of Ministers on 30 December 1974, and detailed further by an Instruction on the Fulfillment of the Statute confirmed on 11 April 1975.^[5]

Loss of citizenship

Citizenship can be renounced through the President's Office.^[6] However, the Mongolian government has been historically unwilling to let educated Mongolians renounce their citizenship.^[7]

The involuntary loss of citizenship - exile - is banned under the constitution.^[1][6]

References

1. ^ ^{a b} "The Constitution of Mongolia". Government of Mongolia. 13 January 1992. http://www.pmis.gov.mn/law/english/pdf/constitution_mongolia.pdf. Retrieved 20 December 2008. ^{[dead link]}
2. ^ ^{a b} "LAW OF MONGOLIA ON CITIZENSHIP". Japanese Embassy in Mongolia. 5 June 1995. http://www.mn.emb-japan.go.jp/jp/ryouji/immig_laws/on_citizenship.pdf. Retrieved 20 December 2008. 
3. ^ "Citizenship Laws of the World". United States Office of Personnel Management. March 2001. http://www.opm.gov/EXTRA/INVESTIGATE/is-01.PDF. Retrieved 2008-12-22. 
4. ^ Washington D.C. Mongolian embassy. Child Adoption. Accessed 20 December 2008.
5. ^ ^{a b} Butler, William Elliott (1982). The Mongolian Legal System: Contemporary Legislation and Documentation. BRILL. pp. 843. ISBN 9024726859, 9789024726851. http://books.google.com/books?id=MOP5LP3VGdIC&pg=PA843&lpg=PA843&dq=citizenship+law+of+Mongolia&source=web&ots=7VXmM91Nw-&sig=ZPI0GdEWE32lOJseKcMQ9LL_jm0&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=7&ct=result. 
6. ^ ^{a b} MultipleCitizenship.com. MONGOLIA. Accessed 20 December 2008.
7. ^ Tan, Vivian. After generations away, Kazakhs come home to an independent country. 09 Aug 2007, Reuters AlertNet. Accessed 20 November 2008.