James Harris Simons

James Harris "Jim" Simons (b. 1938) is an American mathematician, academic, trader, and philanthropist."'

In 1982, Simons founded Renaissance Technologies Corporation, a private investment firm based in New York with over $30 billion under management; Simons is still at the helm, as president, of what is now one of the world's most successful hedge funds.cite web
last = Lux
first = Hal
title = The secret world of Jim Simons
publisher = Institutional Investor
date = 2000-11-01
url = http://www.charttricks.com/Resources/Articles/jim_simons.pdf
accessdate = 2006-08-15 ] Simons earned an estimated $2.8 billion in 2007 [http://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/16/business/16wall.html?hp] , $1.7 billion in 2006, [cite news |title=Make Less Than $240 Million? You're Off Top Hedge Fund List |author=Jenny Anderson and Julie Creswell |date=2007-04-24 |publisher=New York Times |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/24/business/24hedge.html] $1.5 billion in 2005,cite web
last = Shell
first = Adam
title = $363M is average pay for top hedge fund managers
publisher = USA Today
date = 2006-05-26
url = http://www.usatoday.com/money/perfi/funds/2006-05-26-hedge-funds-usat_x.htm
accessdate = 2006-08-15 ] (the largest compensation among hedge fund managers that year [cite web |title=Top hedge fund manager had take-home pay of $1.5 billion in 2005 on 5% fee and 44% of gains |date=2006-05-26 |publisher=Finfacts.com |url=http://www.finfacts.com/irelandbusinessnews/publish/article_10005996.shtml] ) and $670 million in 2004. With an estimated current net worth of around $5.5 billioncite web
title=The World's Billionaires: #214 James Simons.

Simons' most influential research involved the discovery and application of certain geometric measurements, and resulted in the Chern-Simons form (aka Chern-Simons invariants, or Chern-Simons theory). In 1974, his theory was published in "Characteristic Forms and Geometric Invariants", co-authored with the differential geometer Shiing-Shen Chern. The theory has wide use in theoretical physics, particularly string theory.
date=2007-03-08
publisher=Forbes.com
url=http://www.forbes.com/lists/2007/10/07billionaires_James-Simons_5GZ7.html
accessdate=2007-05-02] , he is ranked by "Forbes" as the 57th-richest person in America.cite web
title=The 400 Richest Americans: #57 James H Simons
date=2007-09-20
publisher=Forbes.com
url=http://www.forbes.com/lists/2006/54/biz_06rich400_James-H-Simons_5GZ7.html
accessdate=2007-05-02] He was named by the Financial Times in 2006 as the "smartest" billionaire. [cite web
title=Alternative Rich List
date=2006-09-22
publisher=FT.com
url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/92d94ba6-24e4-11d8-81c6-08209b00dd01,gaid=060922005460.html
accessdate=2007-11-08]

Simons lives with his wife in Manhattan and Long Island, and is the father of five.

Simons shuns the limelight and rarely gives interviews, citing Benjamin the Donkey in "Animal Farm" for explanation: "God gave me a tail to keep off the flies. But I'd rather have had no tail and no flies." [ [http://www.thefirstpost.co.uk/index.php?menuID=2&subID=1710 Wealth is a numbers game | Features | The First Post ] ]

Early life and career

Jim Simons, the grandson of a shoe factory owner in Massachusetts,http://www.topix.net/content/trb/0406627640415189724423195224002828354358 ] received his bachelor's degree in mathematics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1958, [http://alum.mit.edu] and his PhD, also in mathematics, from the University of California, Berkeley in 1962 [ [http://genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/html/id.phtml?id=32049 The Mathematics Genealogy Project - James Simons ] ] at the age of 23. From 1961 to 1964, he taught mathematics at MIT and Harvard University. Between 1964 and 1968, he was on the research staff of the Communications Research Division of the Institute for Defense Analyses (IDA). In 1968, he was appointed chairman of the math department at Stony Brook University transforming it into one of the top ten in the nation.Fact|date=April 2007

In 1976, Simons won the American Mathematical Society's Oswald Veblen Prize in Geometry, for work that involved a recasting of the subject of area minimizing multi-dimensional surfaces and characteristic forms. This resulted in his proof of the Bernstein conjecture up to real dimension 8, and an improvement of a certain "regularity" result of Wendell H. Fleming on a generalized Plateau's problem.

In 1978, he left academia to run an investment fund that traded in commodities and financial instruments on a discretionary basis.

Renaissance Technologies

For over two decades, Simons' Renaissance Technologies hedge fund, which trades in markets around the world, has employed complex mathematical models to analyze and execute trades--many of them automated. Renaissance uses computer-based models to predict price changes in easily-traded financial instruments. These models are based on analyzing as much data as can be gathered, then looking for non-random movements to make predictions.

Renaissance employs many specialists with non-financial backgrounds, including mathematicians, physicists, astrophysicists and statisticians. The firm's latest fund, the Renaissance Institutional Equities Fund (RIEF),cite news
last = Baker
first = Nathaniel
title = Renaissance Readies Long-Biased Strat
publisher = Institutional Investor
date = 2005-06-24
url = http://www.iialternatives.com/?page=1&SID=520382&ISS=17199
accessdate = ] is designed to handle upwards of $100 billion. The RIEF has historically trailed the firm's more well-known Medallion fund, a separate fund that only contains the personal money of the firm's executives cite news
last = Zuckerman
first = Gregory
title = Renaissance's Man: James Simons Does The Math on Fund
pages = C1
publisher = The Wall Street Journal
date = 2005-07-01
url = http://www.trendfollowing.com/whitepaper/simons-wsj.pdf
accessdate = 2006-08-15 ]

:"It's startling to see such a highly successful mathematician achieve success in another field," says Edward Witten, professor of physics at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, N.J., and considered by many of his peers to be the most accomplished theoretical physicist alive..." (Gregory Zuckerman, "Heard on the Street, Wall Street Journal, July 1, 2005).

Simons was the IAFE's (International Association of Financial Engineers) FEOY (Financial Engineer of the Year) for 2006. In 2007 he was estimated to have personally earned $1.7bn.cite news
title = Renaissance Hedge Fund Down 7 Percent
publisher = New York Times
date = 2007-08-10
url = http://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/10/business/renaissance-wire.html?ei=5088&en=fe92534cf56cc132&ex=1344398400&adxnnl=1&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss&adxnnlx=1187539763-LG76WYh6wEGDpLNjmSZc4Q
accessdate = ]

In a statement released to shareholders, the fund announced it had sustained losses of up to 7% in the wake of the 2007 Subprime mortgage financial crisis but managed to end the month of August with a positive performance of +0.7%

Philanthropy

The wealth that Simons has amassed funds his many philanthropic pursuits. Simons is a benefactor for the mathematical sciences, supporting research projects, chairs, and conferences in the United States and abroad.

Simons and his second wife, Marilyn Hawrys Simons, co-founded the Paul Simons Foundation, a charitable organization which supports projects related to education and health, in addition to scientific research. In memory of his son Paul, he established Avalon Park, a convert|130|acre|km2|sing=on nature preserve in Stony Brook. 34-year-old Paul was killed by a car in 1996 while riding a bicycle near their home. 23-year-old son Nick drowned in 2003 while on a trip to Bali in Indonesia. Nick had worked in Nepal and the Simonses have become large donors to Nepalese healthcare through the Nick Simons Institute. [ [http://www.nepalnews.com/contents/2006/englishweekly/spotlight/mar/mar31/national2.php Nepalnews.com Mercantile Connumications Pvt. Ltd ] ] [ [http://www.thehimalayantimes.com/PrintStory.asp?filepath=aATaoanlaNaeaw2a/a2Ta0sa/Va3a/a2sgaHaoZaea/aFWata0a0qxyea3pya8poIamal US family does Rs 380 m medi-bit for Nepal ] ] Jim Simons also founded Math for America.

In early 2006, he led a group of directors of Renaissance Technologies Corporation and of Brookhaven Science Associates in donating $13 million to fund a budget shortfall of the Brookhaven National Laboratory that would have shut down the operations of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider for 2006.

Also in 2006 Simons donated $25 million to Stony Brook University through the Stony Brook Foundation. [ [http://sbgradmag.org/node/85 Stony Brook University Receives $25 Million Donation | SBGradMag ] ] [ [http://commcgi.cc.stonybrook.edu/artman/publish/printer_1088.shtml Stony Brook Announces $25 Million Gift From Renowned Former Math Chair Jim Simons ] ] The gift is intended to benefit the Mathematics and Physics departments at the university.

On February 27, 2008, Gov. Eliot Spitzer announced a $60 million donation by the Simons Foundation to found the Simons Center for Geometry and Physics at Stony Brook, the largest gift to a public university in New York state history. [ [http://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/27/nyregion/27cnd-stonybrook.html $60 Million Gift for Stony Brook - New York Times ] ]

Autism research

The family's charitable foundation has committed $38 million to find the causes related to autism in recent years, and plans to spend another $100 million in what is becoming the largest private investment in the field of autism research, while Simons personally exerts extraordinary control over where and how his money is spent. Simons has provided DNA from his family for study (his daughter is autistic), and has given assistance in helping solve research problems. When MIT asked for brain research funding, he stipulated that the project focus on autism and include scientists of his choosing.

On June 11, 2003, the Simons Foundation hosted its first "Panel on Autism Research" in New York City, a day-long event highlighting research into the causes of autism, the accurate genomic mapping of autism, and in the study of the biochemical mechanisms that occur in people with autism. Attendees included David Amaral, Dr. Eric Courchesne, Dr. Nathaniel Heinz, Tom Insel, MD, Catherine Lord, PhD, Dr. Fred Volkmar and Dr. Paul Greengard. The Simons Foundation recently gave $10 million to two researchers at the Yale University Child Study Center to study genetic influences on autism.

Boardroom appointments

Simons serves as trustee of Brookhaven National Laboratory, the Institute for Advanced Study, Rockefeller University, and the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute in Berkeley. He is also a member of the Board of the MIT Corporation.

ee also

*Chern-Simons theory
*Chern-Simons form

Notes

External links

* [http://www.hoovers.com/renaissance-technologies-corporation/--ID__112103--/free-co-factsheet.xhtml Hoovers.com] - 'Renaissance Technologies Corporation' (corporate profile)
* [http://www.ias.edu/Newsroom/announcements/Uploads/view.php?cmd=view&id=307 IAS.edu] - 'The Simons Foundation Donates $10 million for Advanced Study: Gift Will Support the Institute's Center for Systems Biology', Institute for Advanced Study (November 21, 2005)
* [http://www.ihes.fr/EVENTS/OPENING/opening7.html IHES.fr] - 'Jim Simons' (profile)
* [http://www.sarnet.org/lib/simons.htm SARNet.org] - 'Titan's Millions Stir Up Research Into Autism: James Simons Taps Big Stars From Outside Field to Find A Genetic Explanation', Antonio Regalado, Wall Street Journal
* [http://simonsfoundation.org/ SimonsFoundation.org] - 'The primary mission of The Simons Foundation is to advance the frontiers of research in the basic sciences and mathematics'
* [http://www.turtletrader.com/trader-simons.html TurtleTrader.com] - 'Jim Simons: Renaissance Technologies Corp.'
*MathGenealogy |id=32049
* [http://www.seedmagazine.com/news/2006/09/putting_his_money_where_his_ma.php Putting His Money Where His Math Is] , Seed Magazine, by Joshua Roebke, Posted September 19, 2006
* [http://www.bloomberg.com/news/marketsmag/mm_0108_story1.html Bloomberg.com] - Jan 2008 Article on Simons/Renaissance