Maria Regina Martyrum

Maria Regina Martyrum
Fritz Koenig's sculpture the Apocalyptic Woman on the façade of Maria Regina Martyrum
Basic information
Location	Charlottenburg-Nord, a locality of Berlin
Geographic coordinates	52°32′25″N 13°17′55″E / 52.540317°N 13.2985°E / 52.540317; 13.2985Coordinates: 52°32′25″N 13°17′55″E / 52.540317°N 13.2985°E / 52.540317; 13.2985
Affiliation	Roman Catholic
Province	Ecclesiastical Province of Berlin (German)
District	Archdiocese of Berlin, Deanery of Spandau, St. Joseph parish
Year consecrated	5 May 1963
Website	St. Joseph parish (German)
Architectural description
Architect(s)	Friedrich Ebert, Hermann Jünemann and Hans Schädel
Completed	1963
Specifications
Materials	concrete

Maria Regina Martyrum (German: Katholische Gedenkkirche Maria Regina Martyrum; literally in Catholic Commemorative Church of Mary Queen of the Martyrs) is the Roman Catholic memorial church of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Berlin in Berlin, borough Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf, in the locality of Charlottenburg-Nord. The church was built on behalf of the German Catholics to honour the Martyrs of Freedom of Belief and Conscience from the years 1933–1945. It is located 20 min of walk from the place of execution of Nazi resistants and opponents within the Plötzensee Prison, now the memorial Gedenkstätte Plötzensee.

The Church

Maria Regina Martyrum – the campanile

The episcopal ordinariate of the then Roman Catholic Diocese of Berlin commissioned Friedrich Ebert, Hermann Jünemann and Hans Schädel^[1] to build the church.^[2] In 1960 Cardinal Julius Döpfner laid the cornerstone, and in 1963 he – together with Alfred Bengsch, then Catholic bishop of Berlin, and Louis-Marie-Fernand de Bazelaire, then Archbishop of Chambéry in France – consecrated the church. The church also serves as a parochial church for the Catholic St. Joseph parish (Berlin-Spandau).

Crypt: The graves of martyrs in front of the Pietà.

The campanile of the church is a landmark at the entrance to the ceremonial courtyard, paved with cobblestone and surrounded by walls covered with slabs of black and grey basalt. The sober interior of the upper church, covered by an even ceiling, impresses with its indirect illumination. The building is regarded an outstanding example of combining church architecture and sculpture.

The low church (crypt), originally a single room, has been divided by a gold-coated wall of concrete. The front part is dedicated solely to the memory of the martyrs, symbolised by three graves. In the right grave the ashes of Erich Klausener are reposing, the first martyr of Berlin's Catholic diocese in the Nazi period. The left grave is dedicated to Provost Bernhard Lichtenberg, meanwhile resting in Berlin's Cathedral of St. Hedwig's. The middle, only symbolic, grave commemorates all those martyrs, whom the Nazis denied to have a grave. Carmelite nuns and visitors celebrate services and the former hold canonical hours in the rear room of the crypt.

Since March 2008 the commemorative church, which does not belong to a parish, is headed by a rector of the Jesuites.

Furnishings

Upper church, view to the altar wall.

Upper church: A tripartite sculpture Apocalyptic Woman by Fritz Koenig is hanging on the long façade of the upper church. Inside on the altar wall there is a monumental fresco by Georg Meistermann. A seated wooden Madonna from southern France, created around 1320, is shown at the altar. In the confession chapel there is a sculpture of a Man of Sorrows from southern Germany, around second half of the 15th c.^[3] The Bonn-based organ constructor Johannes Klais created the organ on 5 May 1963.

Crypt: A memorial, graves of martyrs and a bronze Pietà of Fritz Koenig, which are dominating the room, are located in the middle of the front room of the crypt.^[3]

Ceremonial Court: Stations of the Cross from bronze and an open air altar by Otto Herbert Hajek, composed of two pillars from concrete, are flanking the entrance gate and the campanile. A bronze relief of Johannes Dumanski depicting the Holy Family at its Flight into Egypt decks the narrow side of the courtyard.^[3]

The Carmel

Theo Wieland and Klaus Worring built next to the church a Carmelite Nunnery, the first of its kind in Berlin, which was opened in 1984. It offers room for 24 nuns and provides a public chapel for canonical hours. The erection of the Carmelite convent was facilitated by the episcopal ordinariate. There is a monastery shop too.

Ecumenical Activities

There is a close Ecumenical cooperation with the nearby Protestant Church of Plötzensee, which is also designed as a memorial for the victims of National Socialism. This cooperation is especially dedicated to remember the martyrs of Plötzensee. The most important ecumenical memorial events of these churches are the Ecumenical Plötzensee Days every January and the annual anniversary of the assassination-attempt of 20 July 1944.

References

• Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler / Georg Dehio: 22 vols., new ed. by Dehio-Vereinigung, Berlin and Munich: Deutscher Kunstverlag, 2000, vol. 8: Berlin, pp. 151seq. ISBN 3-42203071-9.
• Maria-Theresia Smith, Catholic Commemorative Church Maria Regina Martyrum, Regensburg: Schnell & Steiner, ¹1989, (Kleine Kunstführer; 1703e), 32 pp.

External links

• Carmelite Convent (Berlin), official website
• Catholic St. Joseph Parish (Berlin-Spandau), official website

Notes

1. ^ Schädel was then the architect in charge of the reconstruction and maintenance of the cathedral of Würzburg, which had been destroyed in the Second World War.
2. ^ Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler / Georg Dehio: 22 vols., new ed. by Dehio-Vereinigung, Berlin and Munich: Deutscher Kunstverlag, 2000, vol. 8: Berlin, p. 151. ISBN 3-42203071-9.
3. ^ ^{a b c} Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler / Georg Dehio: 22 vols., new ed. by Dehio-Vereinigung, Berlin and Munich: Deutscher Kunstverlag, 2000, vol. 8: Berlin, p. 152. ISBN 3-42203071-9.