Continental Tiara series

Tiara series
Type	Piston aircraft engine
Manufacturer	Teledyne Continental Motors
First run	1960s
Major applications	Piper PA-36 Pawnee Brave Robin HR100 Transavia PL-12 Airtruk

The Continental Tiara series are a family of air-cooled, horizontally opposed aircraft engines. Designed and built by Continental Motors/TCM, the Tiara series were commercially unsuccessful, costing the company millions of dollars.^[1]

Design and development

Continental began development of the Tiara series in 1965.^[2] At the time, CAE, Continental Motor's turbine engine subsidiary, had developed the T65, a small turboshaft engine which was being considered by Bell for its new Model 206 helicopter. Faced with having to fund the production tooling for the T65 in order to keep the price reasonable, or funding the Tiara series, Continental's corporate management chose to invest in the Tiaras.^[2]

While the Tiara series were basically traditional boxer engines, they did have some unique features.^[1] The engines had high rotational speeds, 0.5:1 gearing was used to reduce propeller speed, with the camshaft forming an extension of the propeller shaft.^[1][3] The propeller shaft featured the Hydra-Torque drive to reduce the shaft's vibrations.^[1] The engines were available with four, six- and eight-cylinders. All were fuel-injected, with turbocharging being optional.

The engines' fuel consumption was high, which became a disadvantage during the 1970s "Fuel crisis" era.^[2] In addition, the Tiaras' performance was not significantly improved over existing engines, making it difficult for aircraft manufacturers to justify the costs of certificating their products for the engines.^[2] These problems led Continental to finally discontinue the engines in 1980.^[1]

Series

Reference: Continental, Teledyne Continental Motors, TCM (US); Rolls-Royce (UK) Part 1: Introduction and O-110 through OL-300^[3]

Four-cylinder

Tiara 4-180 (O-270)

180 hp. Four-cylinder, 271 cu in capacity

Six-cylinder

Tiara 6-260 (O-405)

260 hp. 406 cu in capacity

Tiara 6-285 (O-405)

285 hp. 406 cu in capacity

Tiara 6-320 (O-405)

300 hp. 406 cu in capacity

Tiara T6-260 (O-405)

260 hp 406 cu in capacity, turbocharged

Tiara T6-285 (O-405)

285 hp 406 cu in capacity, turbocharged

Tiara T6-320 (O-405)

300 hp 406 cu in capacity, turbocharged

Eight-cylinder

Tiara 8-380 (O-540)

380 hp, 541 cu in

Tiara T8-450 (O-540)

450 hp, 541 cu in, turbocharged

Applications

Tiara 4

Tiara 6

• Cerva CE.44 Couguar
• Cierva CR.640 (not built)
• Piper PA-36-285 Pawnee Brave
• Robin HR100/285TR Tiara
• Spencer S-12-EAir Car (prototype)
• Transavia PL-12 T-320 Airtruk
• Trident Trigull (prototypes)

Tiara 8

Specifications (Tiara 6-285-A)

Data from FAA TDC^[4]

General characteristics

• Type: 6-cylinder, horizontally opposed piston engine
• Bore: 4.875 in (124 mm)
• Stroke: 3.625 in (92 mm)
• Displacement: 406 in³ (6.65 L)
• Dry weight: 375 lb (170 kg) dry

Components

• Fuel system: Fuel Injected
• Fuel type: 100/100LL avgas
• Oil system: 5 US quart (4.7 L), wet sump
• Cooling system: Air-cooled

Performance

• Power output: 285 hp (212 kW) @ 4000 rpm
• Compression ratio: 9.0:1

See also

Related lists

• List of aircraft engines
  

References

1. ^ ^{a b c d e} Gunston, p.191
2. ^ ^{a b c d} Leyes, p.119
3. ^ ^{a b} Continental, Teledyne Continental Motors, TCM (US); Rolls-Royce (UK) Part 1: Introduction and O-110 through OL-300
4. ^ Federal Aviation Administration, Type Certificate Data Sheet No. E12CE, Revision 8, May 31, 1977

• Gunston, Bill (1999). The Development of Piston Aero Engines, 2nd Edition. Sparkford, Somerset, England, UK: Patrick Stephens, Haynes Publishing. pp. 191. ISBN 0-7509-4478-1. 
• Leyes II, Richard A.; William A. Fleming (1999). The History of North American Small Gas Turbine Aircraft Engines. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution. pp. 119. ISBN 1-56347-332-1. http://books.google.com/books?id=V0SnFt8JGokC&pg=PA119&lpg=PA119&dq=Tiara++History+of+North+American+Small+Gas+Turbine+Aircraft+Engines&source=bl&ots=N3zTeHsVpF&sig=GxMBLP788CJCagJKkmUUKes1v3M&hl=en&ei=dAQ3S4uiD8yutgfb4bCGCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CAgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=&f=false. 
• Smith, Herschel (1986). A History of Aircraft Piston Engines. Sunflower University Press. pp. 206. ISBN 0-89745-079-5. 

External links

• Teledyne Continental Motors
• FLIGHT International, 15 August 1968
• New Continental engine, FLIGHT International, 12 February 1970
• World Aero-engine industry, FLIGHT International, 20 June 1974