- List of monarchs of Luxembourg
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The territory of Luxembourg was ruled successively by counts, dukes and grand dukes. It was part of the medieval Kingdom of Germany, and later the Holy Roman Empire until it became a sovereign state in 1815.
Contents
Counts of Luxembourg
Elder House of Luxembourg
Main article: House of LuxembourgImage Name Date of birth Date of death Reign Relationship with predecessor Siegfried 922 28 October 998 963
to
28 October 998Henry I 964 27 February 1026 28 October 998
to
27 February 1026his son Henry II 1007 16 October 1047 27 February 1026
to
16 October 1047his nephew Giselbert 1007 14 August 1059 16 October 1047
to
14 August 1059his brother Conrad I 1040 8 August 1086 14 August 1059
to
8 August 1086his son Henry III 1070 1096 8 August 1086
to
1096his son William I 1081 1131 1096
to
1131his brother Conrad II 1106 1136 1131
to
1136his son House of Luxembourg-Namur
Main article: House of LuxembourgImage Name Date of birth Date of death Reign Relationship with predecessor Henry IV
the Blind1112 14 August 1196 1136
to
14 August 1196his first cousin House of Hohenstaufen
Main article: House of HohenstaufenImage Name Date of birth Date of death Reign Relationship with predecessor Otto June/July 1170 13 January 1200 1196
to
1197his third-cousin once removed House of Luxembourg-Namur
Main article: House of LuxembourgImage Name Date of birth Date of death Reign Relationship with predecessor Ermesinde July 1186 12 February 1247 1197
to
12 February 1247Henry IV's only daughter and Otto's fourth cousin Theobald I 1158 13 February 1214 1197
to
13 February 1214her first husband and co-ruler Waleran 1180 2 July 1226 May 1214
to
2 July 1226her second husband and co-ruler House of Luxembourg-Limburg
Main article: House of LuxembourgImage Name Date of birth Date of death Reign Relationship with predecessor Henry V
the Blonde1216 24 December 1281 12 February 1247
to
24 December 1281their son Henry VI
the Condemned1240 5 June 1288 24 December 1281
to
5 June 1288his son Henry VII 1275/1270 26 August 1346 5 June 1288
to
24 August 1313his son John
the Blind10 August 1296 26 August 1346 24 August 1313
to
26 August 1346his son Charles I
the Popish King14 May 1316 29 November 1378 26 August 1346
to
1353his son Wenceslaus I 25 February 1337 7 December 1383 1353
to
13 March 1354his brother Dukes of Luxembourg
In 1354 the county was elevated to a duchy.
House of Luxembourg-Limburg
Main article: House of LuxembourgImage Name Date of birth Date of death Reign Relationship with predecessor Wenceslaus I 25 February 1337 7 December 1383 13 March 1354
to
7 December 1383himself as count Wenceslas II
the Lazy26 February 1361 16 August 1419 7 December 1383
to
1388his nephew Jobst December 1351 18 January 1411 1388
to
18 January 1411his cousin Elisabeth I November 1390 2 August 1451 18 January 1411
to
1443his heiress & first cousin once removed Anthony August 1384 25 October 1415 18 January 1411
to
25 October 1415her first husband and co-ruler John II
the Pitiless1374 6 January 1425 10 March 1418
to
6 January 1425her second husband and co-ruler As Elisabeth had no surviving children, she sold Luxembourg to Philip III, Duke of Burgundy in 1441 but only to succeed upon her death. Philip captured the city of Luxembourg in 1443, but did not assume the ducal title because of conflicting claims by Anne of Austria, the closest Luxembourg relative.
Claimants
Image Name Date of birth Date of death Reign Relationship with predecessor Elisabeth I November 1390 2 August 1451 1443
to
2 August 1451Ladislaus
the Posthumous22 February 1440 23 November 1457 2 August 1451
to
23 November 1457her first cousin once removed Anne 12 April 1432 13 November 1462 23 November 1457
to
13 November 1462his sister William
the Brave30 April 1425 17 September 1482 her husband and co-pretender Elisabeth II 1436 30 August 1505 13 November 1462
to
1467her sister Casimir Jagiellon 30 November 1427 7 June 1492 her husband and co-pretender House of Valois-Burgundy
Main article: House of Valois-BurgundyIn 1467, when Elisabeth II of Austria, last rival claimant to the title, renounced her rights, Philip III's son, Charles, Duke of Burgundy, assumed the title of duke of Luxembourg, making it a subsidiary title of the Duke of Burgundy.
Image Name Date of birth Date of death Reign Relationship with predecessor Philip I
the Good31 July 1396 15 June 1467 1443
to
15 June 1467Elisabeth I's second cousin once removed and usurper Charles II
the Bold10 November 1433 5 January 1477 15 June 1467
to
5 January 1477his son Mary I
the Rich13 February 1457 27 March 1482 5 January 1477
to
27 March 1482his daughter Maximilian I
the Last Knight22 March 1459 12 January 1519 her husband and co-ruler House of Habsburg
Main article: House of HabsburgIn 1482 Luxembourg passed to the House of Habsburg. After the abdication of Emperor Charles V, the duchy of Luxembourg fell to the Spanish line of the House of Habsburg.
Image Name Date of birth Date of death Reign Relationship with predecessor Philip II
the Handsome22 July 1478 25 September 1506 27 March 1482
to
25 September 1506their son Charles III
the Golden One24 February 1500 21 September 1558 25 September 1506
to
16 January 1556his son Philip III
the Prudent21 May 1527 21 September 1558 16 January 1556
to
13 September 1598his son Isabella Clara Eugenia 12 August 1566 1 December 1633 6 May 1598
to
13 July 1621his daughter Albert 15 November 1559 13 July 1621 his son-in-law Philip IV
the Great8 April 1605 17 September 1665 31 July 1621
to
17 September 1665their nephew Charles IV
the Bewitched6 November 1661 1 November 1700 17 September 1665
to
1 November 1700his son During the War of Spanish Succession, 1701–1714, the duchy was disputed between Philip of Anjou, grandson of Louis XIV of France, from the House of Bourbon and Charles of Austria, son of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor, from the House of Habsburg. In 1712 Luxembourg and Namur were ceded to Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria by his French allies, but with the end of the war in 1713 with the Treaty of Utrecht Max. Emanuel was restored Elector of Bavaria. In 1713 the duchy fell to the Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg.
House of Bourbon
Main article: House of BourbonImage Name Date of birth Date of death Reign Relationship with predecessor Philip V
Philippe de France19 December 1683 9 July 1746 1 November 1700
to
1712his grandnephew House of Wittelsbach
Main article: House of WittelsbachImage Name Date of birth Date of death Reign Relationship with predecessor Maximilian II
Maximilian Emanuel Ludwig Maria Joseph Kajetan
Anton Nikolaus Franz
Ignaz Felix11 July 1662 26 February 1726 1712
to
11 April 1713his first cousin once removed House of Habsburg
Image Name Date of birth Date of death Reign Relationship with predecessor Charles V
Karl Franz Joseph
Wenceslau Balthasar Johann
Anton Ignatius1 October 1685 20 October 1740 11 April 1713
to
20 October 1740his second cousin Maria II Theresa
Maria Theresa
Walburga Amalia Christina13 May 1717 29 November 1780 20 October 1740
to
29 November 1780his daughter House of Lorraine
Main article: House of Habsburg-LorraineImage Name Date of birth Date of death Reign Relationship with predecessor Francis I
François Étienne8 December 1708 18 August 1765 21 November 1740
to
18 August 1765her husband Joseph
Joseph Benedikt August Johannes Anton Michael Adam13 March 1741 20 February 1790 29 November 1780
to
20 February 1790her son Leopold
Peter Leopold Joseph Anton Joachim Pius Gotthard5 May 1747 1 March 1792 20 February 1790
to
1 March 1792his brother Francis II
Francis Joseph Charles12 February 1768 2 March 1835 1 March 1792
to
1794his son Luxembourg was occupied by French revolutionaries between 1794 and 1813. At the Vienna Congress, it was elevated to a grand duchy and given in personal union to William I of the Netherlands.
Grand Dukes of Luxembourg
The Grand Duke of Luxembourg is the head of state of Luxembourg. Luxembourg is the world's only sovereign extant Grand Duchy, a status to which Luxembourg was promoted in 1815 upon its unification with the Netherlands under the House of Orange-Nassau.
The Luxembourgian constitution defines the Grand Duke's position:
“ The Grand Duke is the head of state, symbol of its unity, and guarantor of national independence. He exercises executive power in accordance with the Constitution and the laws of the country.[1] ” House of Orange-Nassau
Image Name Date of birth Date of death Reign Relationship with predecessor William I
Willem Frederik
(Prince William VI of Orange)24 August 1772 12 December 1843 15 March 1815
to
7 October 1840Francis' third cousin
and
Anne's direct descendantWilliam II
Willem Frederik George Lodewijk6 December 1792 17 March 1849 7 October 1840
to
17 March 1849his son William III
Willem Alexander Paul Frederik Lodewijk17 February 1817 23 November 1890 17 March 1849
to
23 November 1890his son House of Nassau-Weilburg
Under the 1783 Nassau Family Pact, those territories of the Nassau family in the Holy Roman Empire at the time of the Pact (Luxembourg and Nassau) were bound by semi-Salic law, which allowed inheritance by females or through the female line only upon extinction of male members of the dynasty. When William III died leaving only his daughter Wilhelmina as an heir, the crown of the Netherlands, not being bound by the family pact, passed to Wilhelmina. However, the crown of Luxembourg passed to a male of another branch of the House of Nassau: Adolphe, the dispossessed Duke of Nassau and head of the branch of Nassau-Weilburg.
In 1905, Grand Duke Adolphe's younger half-brother, Prince Nikolaus Wilhelm of Nassau, died, having left a son Georg Nikolaus, Count von Merenberg who was, however, the product of a morganatic marriage, and therefore not legally a member of the House of Nassau. In 1907, Adolphe's only son, William IV, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, obtained passage of a law confirming the right of his eldest daughter, Marie-Adélaïde, to succeed to the throne in virtue of the absence of any remaining dynastic males of the House of Nassau, as originally stipulated in the Nassau Family Pact. She became the grand duchy's first reigning female monarch upon her father's death in 1912, and upon her own abdication in 1919, was succeeded by her younger sister Charlotte, who married Felix of Bourbon-Parma, a prince of the former Duchy of Parma. Charlotte's descendants have since reigned as the continued dynasty of Nassau, and also constitute a cadet branch of the House of Bourbon-Parma.
Image Name Date of birth Date of death Reign Relationship with predecessor Adolphe 24 July 1817 17 November 1905 23 November 1890
to
17 November 1905his nephew William IV 22 April 1852 25 February 1912 17 November 1905
to
25 February 1912his son Marie-Adélaïde 14 June 1894 24 January 1924 25 February 1912
to
14 January 1919his daughter Charlotte 23 January 1896 9 July 1985 14 January 1919
to
12 November 1964her sister
(younger daughter of William IV)Jean 5 January 1921 Living 12 November 1964
to
7 October 2000her son Henri 16 April 1955 Living From 7 October 2000
(Incumbent)his son See also
- Coat of arms of Luxembourg
- Duchy of Luxembourg
- Grand Ducal Family of Luxembourg
- History of Luxembourg
- Line of succession to the throne of Luxembourg
- List of consorts of Luxembourg
- List of Prime Ministers of Luxembourg
Footnotes
- ^ (French) "Constitution de Luxembourg" (PDF). Service central de législation. http://www.legilux.public.lu/leg/textescoordonnes/recueils/constitution_droits_de_lhomme/CONST1.pdf. Retrieved 1 July 2007.
References
- Thewes, Guy (July 2003) (in French) (PDF). Les gouvernements du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg depuis 1848 (Édition limitée ed.). Luxembourg City: Service Information et Presse. ISBN 2-87999-118-8. http://www.gouvernement.lu/publications/download/gouvernements_1848_2.pdf. Retrieved 1 July 2007.
- (French)/(German) "Archives of Mémorial A". Service central de législation. http://www.legilux.public.lu/leg/a/index.php. Retrieved 1 July 2007.
Monarchs of Luxembourg Counts of Luxembourg (963–1354) Elder House of Luxembourg
(963–1136)House of Namur
(1136–1189)- Henry IV (1136–1189)
House of Hohenstaufen
(1196–1197)- Otto (1196–1197)
House of Namur
(1197–1247)House of Limburg
(1247–1354)Dukes of Luxembourg (1354–1794) House of Limburg
(1354–1443)- Wenceslaus I (1354–1383)
- Wenceslaus II (1383–1388)
- Jobst (1388–1411)
- Elisabeth (1411–1443) with
- Anthony (1411–1415), and then
- John II (1418–1425)
House of Valois-Burgundy
(1443–1482)- Philip I (1443–1467)
- Charles II (1467–1477)
- Mary I (1477–1482) and
- Maximilian I (1477–1482)
House of Habsburg
(1482–1700)- Philip II (1482–1506)
- Charles III (1506–1556)
- Philip III (1556–1598)
- Isabella Clara Eugenia (1598–1621) and Albert (1598–1621)
- Philip IV (1621–1665)
- Charles IV (1665–1700)
House of Bourbon
(1700–1712)- Philip V (1700–1712)
House of Wittelsbach
(1712–1713)- Maximilian II (1712–1713)
House of Habsburg
(1713–1780)House of Habsburg-Lorraine
(1780–1794)Grand Dukes of Luxembourg (since 1815) House of Orange-Nassau
(1815–1890)- William I (1815–1840)
- William II (1840–1849)
- William III (1849–1890)
House of Nassau-Weilburg
(since 1890)- Adolphe (1890–1905)
- William IV (1905–1912)
- Marie-Adélaïde (1912–1919)
- Charlotte (1919–1964)
- Jean (1964–2000)
- Henri (since 2000)
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Categories:- Counts of Luxembourg
- Dukes of Luxembourg
- Grand Dukes of Luxembourg
- Lists of monarchs
- Lists of nobility of Luxembourg
- Lists of Belgian nobility
- Lists of German nobility
- Lists of nobility of the Holy Roman Empire
- Luxembourg-related lists
- History of Luxembourg
- Duchy of Luxembourg
- Monarchs of Luxembourg
- House of Ardennes
- Lists of dukes
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