Sesame Street Muppets

Sesame Street Muppets
Jim Henson, creator of The Muppets, in 1989.

The Muppets are a group of puppet characters created by Jim Henson, many for the purpose of appearing on the children's television program Sesame Street. Henson's involvement in Sesame Street began when he and Joan Ganz Cooney, one of the creators of the show, met in the summer 1968, at one of the show's five three-day curriculum planning seminars in Boston. Author Christopher Finch reported that director Jon Stone, who had worked with Henson previously, felt that if they could not bring him on board, they should "make do without puppets".[1]

Henson was initially reluctant, but he agreed to join Sesame Street for social goals. He also agreed to waive his performance fee for full ownership of the Sesame Street Muppets and to split any revenue they generated with the CTW.[2] The Muppets were a crucial part of the show's popularity and it brought Henson national attention.[3] In early research, the Muppet segments of the show scored high, and more Muppets were added during the first few seasons. The Muppets were effective teaching tools because children easily recognized them, they were stereotypical and predictable, and they appealed to adults and older siblings.[4]

During the production of Sesame Street's first season, producers created five one-hour episodes to test the show's appeal to children and examine their comprehension of the material. Not intended for broadcast, they were presented to preschoolers in 60 homes throughout Philadelphia and in day care centers in New York City in July 1969.[5] The results were "generally very positive";[6] children learned from the shows, their appeal was high, and children's attention was sustained over the full hour.[5] However, the researchers found that although children's attention was high during the Muppet segments, their interest wavered during the "Street" segments, when no Muppets were on screen. This was because the producers had followed the advice of child psychologists who were concerned that children would be confused if human actors and Muppets were shown together. As a result of this decision, the appeal of the test episodes was lower than the target.[6][7]

The Street scenes were "the glue" that "pulled the show together",[8] so producers knew they needed to make significant changes. The producers decided to reject the advisers' advice and reshot the Street segments; Henson and his coworkers created Muppets that could interact with the human actors,[8][9] specifically Oscar the Grouch and Big Bird, who became two of the show's most enduring characters.[10] These test episodes were directly responsible for what writer Malcolm Gladwell called "the essence of Sesame Street—the artful blend of fluffy monsters and earnest adults".[8]

Contents
0–9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

A

Character Actor/Muppeteer Description
Abby Cadabby Leslie Carrara-Rudolph[11] (2006–present) A fairy who was created to increase the number of female Muppets. Daughter of the fairy godmother, who is spoken about but never seen, she "has her own point of view and is comfortable with the fact that she likes wearing a dress".[12]
Alice Snuffleupagus Judy Sladky (1988–present) Baby sister of Aloysius Snuffleupagus ("Snuffy"). She has "luxurious, pale-golden fur", long eyelashes, and a blue-checkered hair ribbon.[13] She is half Snuffy's size. Her arms and legs are controlled by a Muppeteer, while her eyes and mouth are controlled remotely.[14]
Alistair Cookie Frank Oz (1980–1999) Played by Cookie Monster, he appeared in the parody Monsterpiece Theater. At first, he appeared with a pipe that he later ate. The pipe was removed because, according to executive producer Carol-Lynn Parente, it "modeled the wrong behavior".[15]
Amazing Mumford Jerry Nelson A "W.C. Fields-esque"[16] magician whose magic tricks often go awry. His catch phrase, and most-often used to produce his tricks, is "A-là-peanut butter sandwiches".[17]
Anne Phibian Fran Brill (2009) Announcer of the game show "Find the Amphibian", played by Elmo and Abby Cadabby.[18]
Anything Muppets Various (1969–present) Writer Christopher Finch called Anything Muppets "unadorned puppet torsos and heads" [19] used for a single role or purpose. This ever-expanding troupe of Muppets came in all shapes, sizes, and appearances.[20]
AM Monsters Various (1969–present) Short for "Anything Muppet Monsters," the AM Monsters are customizable Muppet Monsters like the Anything Muppets and the Whatnots from The Muppet Show. According to writer Louise Gikow, Elmo started out as an AM Monster.[21]
Aristotle Richard Hunt A blind puppet.[22]
Arlene Frantic Fran Brill (1970) Appeared in the Sesame Street sketch "What's My Part".[23]

B

Character Actor/Muppeteer Description
Baby Bear David Rudman "Borrowed from the endearing Goldilocks and the Three Bears story",[24] Rudman uses a "babyish lisp" when he voices Baby Bear.[17]
Barkley Brian Muehl[25], Bruce Connelly[26] Originally named "Woof-Woof", he is a "large, friendly, shaggy dog" owned by Linda.[17][27]
Beautiful Day Monster Jim Henson, Frank Oz Appeared on The Ed Sullivan Show and in Henson's Oscar-nominated short film, Timepiece, this puppet was used interchangeably with Cookie Monster the first few seasons of Sesame Street. He later crossed over to The Muppet Show.[28]
Bennett Snerf Jerry Nelson (monster version), Caroll Spinney (human version) (1970) Appeared in the Sesame Street sketch "What's My Part".[23]
Benny Rabbit Kevin Clash The "irascible" rabbit bellhop of the Furry Arms Hotel and part of the Around-the-Corner set expansion of the 90s.[29]
Bert Frank Oz (1969–present),[30] Eric Jacobson (1997–present)[31] (1969–) Ernie's best friend, he collects paper clips and is fascinated by pigeons. Unlike Ernie, he is tense and easily upset.[32][33]
Betty Lou Fran Brill Has blonde braided hair, is "friendly and unassuming",[34] and owns several dolls of many sizes and elasticities.[35]
Biff Jerry Nelson[36] One-half of the Muppet construction worker duo, Biff is an "Archie Bunker-style blue-collar loudmouth". He and his partner Sully made for a "classic comedy team". Whenever they encountered a problem, Biff would ask for Sully's opinion but interrupt him before Sully could answer, and then Sully would be the one to come up with the solution.[37]
Big Bird Caroll Spinney (1969-present),[38] Matt Vogel (understudy)[39] Developed during the 1968 curriculum seminars and created by Jim Henson, Big Bird is a 8-foot-2-inch tall big yellow bird with a slightly quirky and naive outlook on the world. He was the first Muppet to appear on the show[40] and represents a 6-year old child who questions everything.[41][42]
Bip Bippadotta Jim Henson The wild-haired puppet featured in the Muppet segment, "Mah Nà Mah Nà".[43]
Bruno the Trashman Caroll Spinney Created by Spinney a way to allow Oscar to move around and talk at the same time, Bruno is a silent trashman.[34][44]
Buster the Horse Martin P. Robinson Forgetful Jones' intelligent horse, who often helps his master get out of difficulties.[34][45]

C

Character Actor/Muppeteer Description
Captain Breakfast Brian Muehl[46][47] An Anything Muppet that helped promote breakfast.
Chrissy Jim Henson (performer), Christopher Cerf (voice) Lead singer of "Little Chrissy and the Alphabeats," he was one of the earliest Muppets based upon an actual person (Cerf).[48]
Chuckie Sue a real hamster Telly's pet hamster who was originally named Chuckie until Telly discovered she was pregnant. Afterwards he reanmed her Chuckie Sue but has continued to call her Chuckie.
Colambo Joey Mazzarino Black lamb detective inspired by Columbo.[34][49]
Cookie Monster Frank Oz (1969–),[50] David Rudman (2001-)[51] As Sesame Unpaved says, "At first glance, Cookie Monster appears to be a monster with a one-track mind. He is deeply, emotionally, physically and spiritually attached to cookies".[52] He also likes to eat healthy foods.[53]
Count von Count Jerry Nelson (1972–present) The Count is a number-obsessed vampire who craves counting with a single-focused passion. He has lavender-fleece skin, bat-shaped ears, a flat black hairpiece, a red spade tongue, and wears caped formalwear. Nelson based the Count's character and exaggerated European accent on Béla Lugosi's Count Dracula.[54] An "impressive crack of thunder and flash of lightning", along with his trademark laugh, accompany his counting.[55]
The Countess Fran Brill (1980) The Count's actress girlfriend; has a dog named Masha. Modeled after Marlene Dietrich.[34][56]
Countess von Backwards Camile Bonora Counts everything backwards. A loud wolf cry usually accompanies her counting.[57]
Curly Bear Stephanie D'Abruzzo[58] (2003–)[59] Baby Bear's little sister. Created to address the issue of sibling rivalry, Curly calls her brother "Bebo" and has a very loud growl.[59][60]

D

Character Actor/Muppeteer Description
David Letterguy (2003) Matt Vogel (2006) The host of "The Alphabet Roadshow".[61]
Deena Monster Karen Prell Described as "hyper-active", Prell reported that her performance was deemed "over-the-top", so the character didn't last long.[62]
Dexter Kevin Clash with the hands of Fred Garvo A large monster juggler.
Dingers Various Performers Like Honkers, Dingers communicate only through the noises they make.[63]
Don Music Richard Hunt Piano-playing composer who required assistance from Kermit to complete the lyrics to his songs. When frustrated, he would cry, "Oh, I'll never get it! Never, never, never!" and bang his head on the keyboard. He had a bust of Beethoven on his piano, and as an inside joke, a framed photo of Joe Raposo hanging on the wall.[37]
Donald Grump Martin P. Robinson Muppet modeled on billionaire real-estate developer Donald Trump.[64]
Dorothy (born 1998) A real fish Elmo's pet goldfish, featured mostly on "Elmo's World".[65]
Dr. Feel Steve Whitmire Muppet version of TV personality and author Dr. Phil McGraw.[64]
Dr. Nobel Price Brian Muehl, Kevin Clash (1979–1988) Author Louise Gikow called Price a "misguided inventor" and the "bane of reporter Kermit's existence. Price's inventions consisted of things, like gravity, that had already been invented.[63]

E

Character Actor/Muppeteer Description
Elizabeth (1997) Stephanie D'Abruzzo A pig-tailed girl with a Brooklyn accent who loved the number 732 and her cat, Little Murray Sparkles.[58]
Elmo Kevin Clash (1983–)[66] A furry, three-and-a-half year old monster. Created in 1979 and called "Little Monster", Elmo was performed by several people, including Richard Hunt, but it wasn't until Clash took over the role that Elmo became, according to Clash, a "phenomenon".[67][68]
Ernie Jim Henson (1969–1990);[69] Steve Whitmire (1990–)[70] Orange-colored, oval-headed, and always grinning, Ernie is a "free spirit" and a "trickster". His best friend is Bert, and his signature song is "Rubber Duckie".[71][72]

F

Character Actor/Muppeteer Description
Farley Jerry Nelson Boy with short, orange spiked hair and yellow sweater.[73]
Flo Bear David Rudman[74] A bear writer.
Forgetful Jones Michael Earl Davis, Richard Hunt A "simpleton cowboy",[37] Forgetful was the "most forgetful cowboy in the Wild Wild West".[75]
Frazzle Jerry Nelson Large orange monster Muppet with big teeth.[73]

G

Character Actor/Muppeteer Description
Gladys the Cow Richard Hunt With her "piercing operatic voice", Sesame Street Unpaved calls her "a theatrical ham (even though she's a cow)".[76]
Granny Fanny Nestlerode Jim Henson Old lady Muppet who appeared in season 2.[77]
Grover Frank Oz (1970-), Eric Jacobson[78] A "a valiant, caring blue monster".[79] Sesame Street Unpaved describes Grover as "the Muppet we'd all like to be—self-confident, furry, cute, capable, and intelligent. Well, self-confident, furry, and cute, at least".[80]
Grundgetta the Grouch Brian Muehl (1982—1984), Pam Arciero (1985—present)[81] Oscar the Grouch's "trashy girlfriend';[81] she calls him "Oskie". Like Oscar, she likes all things trashy and rainy.[82] She wears tattered hats and veils.[34]
Gulliver Joey Mazzarino (2001) Gull whose bigotry towards Snuffy resulted in being confronted by Big Bird. Gikow states that his episode was inspired by the events of 9-11.[83]
Guy Smiley Jim Henson,[84] Eric Jacobson[78] "Extremely enthusiastic"[85] game show host with, as Sesame Street Unpaved describes him, a "wide, grinning mouth and his desire to explore the lives of others without revealing his own".[86]

H

Character Actor/Muppeteer Description
Harvey Kneeslapper Frank Oz Blonde and wild-eyed, Harvey likes puns and playing practical jokes on others.[87]
Harvey Monster Jim Henson, Richard Hunt, Frank Oz, Jerry Nelson Appeared in the sketch "Near and Far" with Elmo and Kermit the Frog.[88]
Herbert Birdsfoot Jerry Nelson Bespectacled lecturer who often appeared with Grover.[89]
Herry Monster Jerry Nelson[90] (1970—)[91] Herry is blue, big, and burly; and doesn't know his own strength. He appears in many unscripted scenes with children, and "is written to represent a monster with the psychological age of a six-year old".[92] At first, Herry's nose was covered with light-blue fur, but in 1971, it was replaced with a non-furry blue nose, and finally with a "recognizable" purple one.[91]
Honkers Various Performers Like Dingers, they communicate only through noises.[63]
Hoots the Owl Kevin Clash (1985) [93] Sesame Street writer Mark Saltzman described Hoots as "the saxophone-playing jazz owl".[43] His signature song is "Put Down the Duckie".[93]
Horatio the Elephant Joey Mazzarino An often-dancing elephant.[94]
Howie Fran Brill A purple rabbit with pink ears and a buck tooth. Rarely featured on Sesame Street.".[95]
Humphrey David Rudman (1994–) Baby Natasha's father. He and his wife Ingrid managed the Furry Arms Hotel, which was part of the Around-the-Corner set from 1994 to 1998.[29]

I

Character Actor/Muppeteer Description
Ingrid Joey Mazzarino Baby Natasha's mother. She and her husband Humphrey manage the Furry Arms Hotel.[29]

J

Character Actor/Muppeteer Description
Jamie Fox Joey Mazzarino (2006) A Muppet fox, who along with Elmo and actor Jamie Foxx, try to figure out who is the real "Jamie Fox" and sing the alphabet together.[96]
Jane Tuesday Kyla Taub (2004) Developed to be a strong female role model, Jane is a seven-year old private investigator in a series of short films.[97]
Joe Hundred Guy Joey Mazzarino (2005) Spoof of the reality show Joe Millionaire.[98]
Mr. Johnson Jerry Nelson Also called "Fat Blue", he usually appears with Grover in restaurant skits, as his harried customer.[99] Grover made up this rhyme about him: "In a hurry to be fed, beady eyes and big, blue head!"[100]

K

Character Actor/Muppeteer Description
Kermit the Frog Jim Henson(1969–1990), Steve Whitmire (1990—) One of the first Muppets created by Henson.[101] Borgenicht called Kermit "funny, ironic, and always the voice of reason amidst the insanity around him; the calm in the eye of the storm".[102] Gerald S. Lesser, CTW's first Advisory Board chairman, called him "the saturnine but gentlemanly puppet frog".[103]
Kingston Livingston III Kevin Clash Young African-American boy who is smart and cool, and who prefers to do his own thing.[17] Named after his father and grandfather.[104]

L

Character Actor/Muppeteer Description
Lefty the Salesman Frank Oz[105] A shady-looking salesman who speaks with whispery voice. He is usually voiced by Frank Oz, but in 2 sketches of Season 1 he was voiced by Caroll Spinney.
Little Bird Fran Brill Wise, soft-spoken, and matter-of-fact little bird who is good at explaining concepts for his friend Big Bird.[17][106]
Little Jerry Jerry Nelson Lead singer of the rock group "Little Jerry and the Monotones". Many of their songs were written by Jeff Moss.[48]
Little Murray Sparkles (1998) Stephanie D'Abruzzo Elizabeth's beloved pet cat. Elizabeth was short-lived, but Little Murray Sparkles became a recurring character.[58]
Liz Lemon Stephanie D'Abruzzo (2008) A lemon parody of Tina Fey's 30 Rock character of the same name.[107]

M

Character Actor/Muppeteer Description
Mama Bear Alice Dinnean-Vernon (1991-2002) Jennifer Barnhardt (2003-present) Baby Bear's mother and part of the three bear family from the fairy tale. She is the least frequently appearing member of the family. She is a recycled version of Flo Bear.
Meryl Sheep Camille Bonora A sheep who is a spoof of Meryl Streep.
Monty Martin P. Robinson Tribute to Monty Python's Flying Circus.[63]
Murray Monster Joey Mazzarino Host of the "Word on the Street" segment,[108] Murray is an energetic, quick-witted, outgoing, inquisitive, furry and orange Muppet.[109]

N

Character Actor/Muppeteer Description
Natasha Kevin Clash Infant monster who speaks only in gurgles, Natasha's parents are Humphrey and Ingrid.[17][110]

O

Character Actor/Muppeteer Description
Oscar the Grouch Caroll Spinney (1969–) Sesame Street's resident grouch. Oscar is the ultimate pessimist, but has a soft spot for his worm Slimey.[111] One of the first Muppets created for Sesame Street, Oscar gives kids "permission to feel grouchy—and to demonstrate differing opinions".[112]
Ovejita Carmen Osbahr (2008–present) A little lamb, Ovejita accompanies Murray to various schools in the segment "Murray Had a Little Lamb."[113]

P

Character Actor/Muppeteer Description
Papa Bear Joey Mazzarino Baby Bear's father and a member of the three bear family from the fairy tale. He works at the honey factory.
Prairie Dawn Fran Brill A little girl whose psychological age is that of a precocious seven-year old,[114] Prairie is methodical, driven, and a natural leader.[115]
Preston Rabbit Jim Martin A rabbit who often gives presents to everyone which don't normally help the person.
Prince Charming Frank Oz "Guy Smiley in prince's clothing"; he is the "self-involved" prince who appears in Muppet fairy tales.[36]

R

Character Actor/Muppeteer Description
Roosevelt Franklin Matt Robinson (voice) A little purple Anything Muppet that attended Roosevelt Franklin Elementary School and was so popular, he recorded his own album. He was removed from the show because "he was thought by some to be a negative cultural stereotype".[116]
Roosevelt Franklin's Mother Loretta Long (voice) Mother of Roosevelt Franklin.[116]
Rosita Carmen Osbahr (1993—)The first bilingual Muppet on Sesame Street, Rosita speaks both English and Spanish. She is a "good-natured, intelligent turquoise Muppet".[17] Originally envisioned as a fruit bat, her full name is Rosita la Monstrua de las Cuevas which means “the monster of the caves". She was later redesigned as a normal monster.[117]
Roxie Marie Fran Brill Niece to construction worker Biff.[63]

S

Character Actor/Muppeteer Description
SAM the Robot Jerry Nelson A robot who is supposedly perfect, SAM is prone to silly mistakes. His name is an acronym for "Super Automated Machine".[46]
Sherlock Hemlock Jerry Nelson Based on Basil Rathbone's movie portrayal of Sherlock Holmes, Sherlock is a detective who solves mysteries by "concentrating on the little clues and overlooking the big ones".[34]
Sherry Netherland Alice Dinnean The "Leona Helmsley of the Furry Arms Hotel, part of the "Around the Corner" set of the 1990s.[36]
Simon Soundman Jerry Nelson (1972) Blue Muppet that first appeared in season 4. He uses sounds in sentences. Example: "I would like to buy a "PAT! PAT! PAT!" (a hammer)[77]
Slimey the Worm Jerry Nelson (1971–1978), Michael Earl Davis (1978–1980), Martin P. Robinson (1980–present),[118] Dick Maitland (voice).[119] The smallest and smartest character on Sesame Street. When he first appeared, he spoke in just squeaky sounds. He later became the only Muppet not voiced by a puppeteer.[120]
Aloysius Snuffleupagus ("Snuffy") Jerry Nelson (1971–1978), Michael Earl Davis (1978–1980), Martin P. Robinson (1980–), Bryant Young (rear end)[118] (1971–) Created to represent the psychological age of a four-year old, Snuffy at seven feet tall and twelve feet wide is the largest Muppet on Sesame Street. He was Big Bird's "imaginary friend" until 1985, when he was finally revealed to the adult cast.[121][122]
Sonny Friendly Richard Hunt, David Rudman The Pat Sajak of Sesame Street, whom he resembles, he is "America's Friendliest Game Show Host".[36] His catch phrase is, "Are we having a nice day or what?"[123]
Stuie Monster Richard Hunt A maroon and yellow monster who appears in the song, "Fur".
Sully Richard Hunt One-half of the Muppet construction worker duo and Biff's silent counterpart. One of Richard Hunt's most "understated and complex" characters.[37]
Stinky the Stinkweed Joey Mazzarino A talking stinkweed plant that lives in a smelly lot. Despite being a stinkweed plant he is actually very friendly and does not mind asking for a favor.
Super Grover Frank Oz, Eric Jacobson Grover's alter ego, he's often more well-meaning than helpful.[79]

T

Character Actor/Muppeteer Description
Telly Monster Bob Payne (1979), Brian Muehl (1979-1984), Martin P. Robinson (1984-present)[118] Originally named "the Television Monster" because he was obsessed with TV, his name was changed to Telly and his obsession became triangles. Telly is "the Woody Allen of Muppets: the neurotic one, the one who overthinks everything, the worrier".[124]
The Twiddlebugs Jim Henson, Frank Oz, Jerry Nelson, Richard Hunt Family of cute and innovative bugs (Tina, Thomas, Timmy, and Tessie) that live in a flower box on Ernie's windowsill.[36] They use tiny found objects as their furniture and toys.[125]
The Two-Headed Monster Richard Hunt, Jerry Nelson, Peter Friedman, Joey Mazzarino, David Rudman[36][74] The twin monsters of Sesame Street who also inhabit the same body. They teach young viewers how to cooperate while speaking in a baby-like, gibberish language.[36]

Y

Character Actor/Muppeteer Description
Yip Yips (1974)[47] Jim Henson, Frank Oz, Jerry Nelson, Richard Hunt, Martin P. Robinson, Kevin Clash, David Rudman, Julianne Buescher, John Tartaglia, Eric Jacobson Nickname for Martians with a jelly-fish like appearance who speak in simple, declarative phrases that are a mixture of Martian and English.[126] They "valiantly explore our world despite their frequent terrifying encounters with everyday objects like telephones, clocks, and computers".[127]

Z

Character Actor/Muppeteer Description
Zoe Fran Brill (1993—) Introduced to increase the number of strong female characters on Sesame Street, Zoe is "simultaneously dainty and strong, practical and impulsive".[128] She loves dancing and ballet, and usually wears a bright tutu.[129]

See also

  • List of human characters in Sesame Street
  • Animated characters in Sesame Street

Notes

  1. ^ Finch, p. 53
  2. ^ Davis, p. 5
  3. ^ Morrow, p. 93
  4. ^ Morrow, pp. 94–95
  5. ^ a b Lesser, p. 164
  6. ^ a b Finch, p. 39
  7. ^ Gladwell, p. 105
  8. ^ a b c Gladwell, p. 106
  9. ^ Fisch & Bernstein, pp. 39–40
  10. ^ Fisch & Bernstein, p. 40
  11. ^ "Abby Cadabby". Sesame Street.org. http://www.sesamestreet.org/onair/characters/abby_cadabby. Retrieved 2011-03-24. 
  12. ^ Dominus, Susan (2006–08–06). "A Girly-Girl Joins the 'Sesame' Boys". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/06/arts/television/06domi.html?_r=1&pagewanted=all. Retrieved 2009–06–19. 
  13. ^ Hellman, Peter (1987–11–23). "Street smart: How Big Bird & Co. do it". New York Magazine 20 (46): 48. http://books.google.com/?id=KOUCAAAAMBAJ&printsec=frontcover. Retrieved 2009–06–20. 
  14. ^ "Alice Snuffleupagus". Sesame Street.org. http://www.sesamestreet.org/onair/characters/alice_snuffleupagus. Retrieved 2011-03-25. 
  15. ^ Heffernan, Virginia (2007–11–18). "Sweeping the Clouds Away". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/18/magazine/18wwln-medium-t.html?_r=1&ref=magazine. Retrieved 2010–11–04. 
  16. ^ "Mumford the Magician". Sesame Street.org. http://www.sesamestreet.org/onair/characters/mumford. Retrieved 2011-04-11. 
  17. ^ a b c d e f g Borgenicht, p. 132
  18. ^ "Sesame Street Amphibian Show". New York Times. http://www.kbyutv.org/programs/show/episode/?sid=838&enum=4201. Retrieved 2010–11–5. 
  19. ^ Finch, p. 64
  20. ^ Lesser, p. 127
  21. ^ Gikow, p. 100
  22. ^ Gikow, p. 181
  23. ^ a b Episode 0131 (1970-11-09), in Old School, Volume 1 (Disc 2) [DVD] (2006), Children's Television Workshop
  24. ^ "Baby Bear". Sesame Street.org. http://www.sesamestreet.org/onair/characters/baby_bear. Retrieved 2011-03-26. 
  25. ^ Gikow, p. 70
  26. ^ Gikow, p. 93
  27. ^ "Barkley the Dog". Sesame Street.org. http://www.sesamestreet.org/onair/characters/barkley. Retrieved 2011-03-26. 
  28. ^ Gikow, p. 41
  29. ^ a b c Gikow, p. 207
  30. ^ Finch, p. 59
  31. ^ "Behind the Scenes of Sesame Street". The Independent. http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tv/behind-the-scenes-of-sesame-street-1816327.html?action=Gallery&ino=5. Retrieved 2011-07-25. 
  32. ^ Finch, p. 61
  33. ^ "Bert". Sesame Street.org. http://www.sesamestreet.org/onair/characters/bert. Retrieved 2011-03-24. 
  34. ^ a b c d e f g Borgenicht, p. 131
  35. ^ "Betty Lou". Sesame Street.org. http://www.sesamestreet.org/onair/characters/betty_lou. Retrieved 2011-03-26. 
  36. ^ a b c d e f g Borgenicht, p. 133
  37. ^ a b c d Davis, p. 242
  38. ^ Gikow, p. 48
  39. ^ Gikow, p. 141
  40. ^ "Big Bird". Sesame Street.org. http://www.sesamestreet.org/onair/characters/big_bird. Retrieved 2011-03-24. 
  41. ^ Borgenicht, p. 33
  42. ^ Gikow, p. 51
  43. ^ a b Gikow, p. 231
  44. ^ "Bruno". Sesame Street.org. http://www.sesamestreet.org/onair/characters/bruno. Retrieved 2011-03-26. 
  45. ^ "Buster the Horse". Sesame Street.org. http://www.sesamestreet.org/onair/characters/buster. Retrieved 2011-03-24. 
  46. ^ a b Gikow, p. 92
  47. ^ a b Gikow, p. 105
  48. ^ a b Gikow, p. 226
  49. ^ "Colambo". Sesame Street.org. http://www.sesamestreet.org/onair/characters/colambo. Retrieved 2011-03-27. 
  50. ^ Davis, p. 246
  51. ^ Fischer, Shoshana Lewin (2008-05-29). "The Town that Bunnies Built". Jewish Journal. http://www.jewishjournal.com/yeladim/article/the_greatest_gift_of_all_and_bunnies_20080528/. Retrieved 2009-09-09. 
  52. ^ Borgenicht, p. 65
  53. ^ Davis, p. 239
  54. ^ "Count Von Count". Sesame Street.org. http://www.sesamestreet.org/onair/characters/count_von_count. Retrieved 2011-03-27. 
  55. ^ "Countess Darling von Darling". Sesame Street.org. http://www.sesamestreet.org/onair/characters/countess. Retrieved 2011-03-27. 
  56. ^ "Countess Von Backwards". Sesame Street.org. http://www.sesamestreet.org/onair/characters/countess_von_backwards. Retrieved 2011-03-27. 
  57. ^ a b c Gikow, p. 134
  58. ^ a b Gikow, p. 164
  59. ^ "Curly Bear". Sesame Street.org. http://www.sesamestreet.org/onair/characters/curly_bear. Retrieved 2011-03-27. 
  60. ^ Whitlock, Natalie Walker. "How Elmo Works: Elmo's World Episode Guide". Discovery.com. http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/how-elmo-works5.htm. Retrieved 2010-11-15. 
  61. ^ Howard, Brendan (2006–08–20). "Puppeteer Loved to 'Rock'". Home Media Magazine. http://www.homemediamagazine.com/news/puppeteer-loved-rock-9543. Retrieved 2009–10–11. 
  62. ^ a b c d e Gikow, p. 104
  63. ^ a b "Donald Trump becomes a Muppet, Donald Grump". CBC News. 2005–02–11. http://www.cbc.ca/arts/story/2005/02/11/grump050211.html. Retrieved 2010–11–19. 
  64. ^ Whitlock, Natalie Walker. "How Elmo Works: Behind the Scenes of Elmo's World". Discovery.com. http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/how-elmo-works2.htm. Retrieved 2009-09-09. 
  65. ^ Clash, p. 2
  66. ^ Clash, pp. 1–3, 9
  67. ^ "Elmo". Sesame Street.org. http://www.sesamestreet.org/onair/characters/elmo. Retrieved 2011-03-27. 
  68. ^ Davis, p. 166
  69. ^ Twardzik, Cathleen (200–02–22). ""Who is the fellow that's fluffy and yellow?"– Caroll Spinney". Somerville News. http://www.thesomervillenews.com/main.asp?SectionID=4&SubSectionID=4&ArticleID=566. Retrieved 2009–10–12. 
  70. ^ Borgenicht, pp. 21, 25
  71. ^ "Ernie". Sesame Street.org. http://www.sesamestreet.org/onair/characters/ernie. Retrieved 2011-03-30. 
  72. ^ a b Episode 0536 (1973-11-17), in Old School, Volume 1 (Disc 3) [DVD] (2006), Children's Television Workshop
  73. ^ a b Gikow, p. 103
  74. ^ "Forgetful Jones". Sesame Street.org. http://www.sesamestreet.org/onair/characters/forgetful_jones. Retrieved 2011-03-30. 
  75. ^ Borgnicht, p. 134
  76. ^ a b Episode 0406 (1972-11-27), in Old School, Volume 1 (Disc 3) [DVD] (2006), Children's Television Workshop
  77. ^ a b Gikow, p. 140
  78. ^ a b "Grover". Sesame Street.org. http://www.sesamestreet.org/onair/characters/grover. Retrieved 2011-03-30. 
  79. ^ Borgenicht, p. 46
  80. ^ a b Davis, p. 322
  81. ^ "Grundgetta". Sesame Street.org. http://www.sesamestreet.org/onair/characters/grundgetta. Retrieved 2011-04-03. 
  82. ^ Gikow, p. 161
  83. ^ Gikow, p. 43
  84. ^ "Guy Smiley". Sesame Street.org. http://www.sesamestreet.org/onair/characters/guy_smiley. Retrieved 2011-04-03. 
  85. ^ Borgenicht, p. 98
  86. ^ "Harvey Kneeslapper". Sesame Street.org. http://www.sesamestreet.org/onair/characters/harvey_kneeslapper. Retrieved 2011-04-03. 
  87. ^ Whitlock, Natalie Walker. "Introduction to How Elmo Works". Discovery.com. http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/how-elmo-works.htm. Retrieved 2010-11-05. 
  88. ^ Episode 0276 (1971-11-08), in Old School, Volume 1 (Disc 2) [DVD] (2006), Children's Television Workshop
  89. ^ Borgenicht, p. 102
  90. ^ a b "Herry Monster". Sesame Street.org. http://www.sesamestreet.org/onair/characters/herry_monster. Retrieved 2011-04-05. 
  91. ^ Borgenicht, p. 103
  92. ^ a b "Hoots the Owl". Sesame Street.org. http://www.sesamestreet.org/onair/characters/hoots. Retrieved 2011-04-05. 
  93. ^ Gikow, p. 63
  94. ^ "Behind The Voice Actors - Fran Brill". BTVA. http://www.behindthevoiceactors.com/Fran-Brill. Retrieved 2011-08-04. 
  95. ^ Spin Staff (2006–07–26). "Legend, Foxx Hangin' on 'Sesame Street'". Spin. http://www.spin.com/articles/legend-foxx-hangin-sesame-street. Retrieved 2010–12–24. 
  96. ^ "Jane Tuesday World Broadcast Premiere" (Press release). PR Web. 2004-04-29. http://www.prweb.com/releases/2004/04/prweb121693.htm. Retrieved 2010-12-25. 
  97. ^ Sheff, Jean (May 2004). "Sesame Street Turns 35 - Part 3". Parenthood.com. http://www.parenthood.com/article-topics/sesame_street_turns_35_part_3.html/full-view. Retrieved 2010-12-25. 
  98. ^ Gikow, p. 197
  99. ^ "Mr. Johnson". Sesame Street.org. http://www.sesamestreet.org/onair/characters/mr_johnson. Retrieved 2011-03-30. 
  100. ^ Finch, p. 37
  101. ^ Borgenicht, p. 89
  102. ^ Lesser, p. 113
  103. ^ "Kingston Livingston III". Sesame Street.org. http://www.sesamestreet.org/onair/characters/kingston_livingston. Retrieved 2011-04-08. 
  104. ^ Gikow, p. 45
  105. ^ "Little Bird". Sesame Street.org. http://www.sesamestreet.org/onair/characters/little_bird. Retrieved 2011-04-08. 
  106. ^ Williams, Mary Elizabeth (2010–10–12). "The Viral Genius of "Sesame Street"". Salon. http://www.salon.com/entertainment/tv/2010/10/12/sesame_street_still_rocks. Retrieved 2011–01–06. 
  107. ^ Gikow, p. 150
  108. ^ "Murray Monster". Sesame Street.org. http://www.sesamestreet.org/onair/characters/murray_monster. Retrieved 2011-04-11. 
  109. ^ "Baby Natasha". Sesame Street.org. http://www.sesamestreet.org/onair/characters/baby_natasha. Retrieved 2011-03-24. 
  110. ^ "Oscar". Sesame Street.org. http://www.sesamestreet.org/onair/characters/oscar. Retrieved 2011-04-11. 
  111. ^ Gikow, p. 157
  112. ^ Gikow, p. 133
  113. ^ Borgenicht, p. 76–77
  114. ^ "Prairie Dawn". Sesame Street.org. http://www.sesamestreet.org/onair/characters/prairie_dawn. Retrieved 2011-04-11. 
  115. ^ a b Borgnicht, p. 135
  116. ^ "Rosita". Sesame Street.org. http://www.sesamestreet.org/onair/characters/rosita. Retrieved 2011-04-11. 
  117. ^ a b c Gikow, p. 94
  118. ^ Gikow, p. 34
  119. ^ Gikow, pp. 34, 36
  120. ^ Borgenicht, p. 38
  121. ^ "Aloysius Snuffleupagus". Sesame Street.org. http://www.sesamestreet.org/onair/characters/snuffy. Retrieved 2011-03-24. 
  122. ^ "Sonny Friendly". Sesame Street.org. http://www.sesamestreet.org/onair/characters/sonny_friendly. Retrieved 2011-04-11. 
  123. ^ Borgenicht, p. 78
  124. ^ "The Twiddlebugs". Sesame Street.org. http://www.sesamestreet.org/onair/characters/twiddlebugs. Retrieved 2011-04-12. 
  125. ^ Borgenicht, p. 73
  126. ^ "The Yip-Yips (Martians)". Sesame Street.org. http://www.sesamestreet.org/onair/characters/martians. Retrieved 2011-04-11. 
  127. ^ Borgenicht, p. 87
  128. ^ "Zoe". Sesame Street.org. http://www.sesamestreet.org/onair/characters/zoe. Retrieved 2011-04-12. 

References

  • Borgenicht, David (1998). Sesame Street Unpaved. New York: Hyperion Publishing. ISBN 0-7868-6460-5
  • Clash, Kevin, Gary Brozek & Louis Henry Mitchell (2006). My Life as a Furry Red Monster: What Being Elmo Has Taught Me about Life, Love and Laughing Out Loud. New York: Random House. ISBN 0-7679-2375-8
  • Davis, Michael (2008). Street Gang: The Complete History of Sesame Street. New York: Viking Penguin. ISBN 978-0-670-01996-0
  • Finch, Christopher (1993). Jim Henson: The Works: the Art, the Magic, the Imagination. New York: Random House. ISBN 0-679-41203-4
  • Fisch, Shalom M.; Lewis Bernstein, "Formative Research Revealed: Methodological and Process Issues in Formative Research". In Fisch, Shalom M. & Truglio, Rosemarie T.. G" is for Growing: Thirty Years of Research on Children and Sesame Street. Mahweh, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Publishers. ISBN 978-0-8058-3394-2.
  • Gikow, Louise A. (2009). Sesame Street: A Celebration—Forty Years of Life on the Street. New York: Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers. ISBN 978-1-57912-638-4.
  • Gladwell, Malcolm (2000). The Tipping Point: How Little Things Can Make a Big Difference. New York: Little, Brown, and Company. ISBN 0-316-31696-2
  • Lesser, Gerald S. (1974). Children and Television: Lessons from Sesame Street. New York: Vintage Books. ISBN 0-394-71448-2

External links

v · d · eSesame Street
General
Sesame Workshop • History • Format • Educational goals • Influence • Human characters • Animated characters • Sesame Street Muppets • Media
People
Joan Ganz Cooney • Lloyd Morrisett • Gerald S. Lesser • Jon Stone • Jim Henson • Joe Raposo
Production
Sesame Street research • International co-productions of Sesame Street • Music
Literature
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