Dean and Canons of Westminster

Dean and Canons of Westminster
The Chapter House at Westminster Abbey

The Dean and Canons of Westminster are the ecclesiastical body of Westminster Abbey, a collegiate church of the Church of England and royal peculiar in Westminster, England. They meet in Chapter and are also known as the Dean and Chapter of Westminster.

Contents

Foundation

The first college of canons was established by letters patent on 17 December 1540 by King Henry VIII. There was a dean and 12 canons, six of whom were former monks of the abbey. They survived until 1556[1] when the college was dissolved by Mary I of England.

The second college of canons was established on 21 May 1560 by Queen Elizabeth I.[2]

From 16 November 1645 the dean and canons were dispersed and a committee of the Lords and Commons from the Long Parliament governed. The dean and canons were restored on the Restoration in 1660.

Current Chapter

Dean of Westminster
Dean of Westminster The Very Reverend John Robert Hall
Canons of Westminster
Sub-Dean, Canon Treasurer and Almoner The Reverend Canon Robert Reiss
Canon Steward and Archdeacon The Venerable Canon Jane Hedges
Rector of St Margaret’s Church, Westminster The Reverend Canon Andrew Tremlett
Minor Canons
Minor Canon and Precentor The Reverend Michael Macey
Minor Canon and Sacrist The Reverend Dr James Hawkey

List of Canons of the First Foundation 1540-1556

Canons of the 1st Prebend

  • Simon Haynes D.D. 1540[3]-1552..
  • Andrew Perne D.D. 1552[4]-1556.

Canons of the 2nd Prebend

  • John Redman D.D. 1540[3]-1551.[4]
  • Alexander Nowell M.A. 1551[4]-1554[5]
  • John Richards 1554[5]-1556.

Canons of the 3rd Prebend

  • Edward Layton D.D. 1540[3]-1547.[6]
  • Edward Keble M.A. 1547[6]-1554.[5]
  • John Baker B.D. 1554[5]-1556.

Canons of the 4th Prebend

  • Anthony Belassis D.C.L. 1540[3]-1552.[4]
  • James Haddon B.A. 1552.[4]
  • Richard Alvey B.D. 1552[4]-1554.[5]
  • John Ramridge D.D. 1554[5]-1556.

Canons of the 5th Prebend

  • William Bretten LL.D. 1540[3]-1552.
  • Edmund Grindal B.D. 1552[4]-1554[5]
  • John Moreman D.D. 1554.[5]
  • John Smith M.A. 1554[7]-1556.

Canons of the 6th Prebend

  • Denis Dalyon 1540[3]-1543. (Formerly prior of St. Peter's, Westminster)
  • John Pekyns B.D. 1543-1554.[5]
  • Francis Mallet D.D. 1554[5]-1556.

Canons of the 7th Prebend

  • Humphrey Parkyns B.D. 1540[3]-1554.[5] (Formerly a monk of St. Peter's, Westminster, with name of Humphrey Charite)
  • Alphonso de Salinas 1554[5]-1556.

Canons of the 8th Prebend

Canons of the 9th Prebend

  • Thomas Elfryde 1540[3]-1546. (Formerly a monk of St. Peter's, Westminster)
  • Bernard Sandiforth LL.D. 1546-1554[5]
  • Henry Cole D.C.L., D.D. 1554[5]-1556.

Canons of the 10th Prebend

  • John Rumney or Malvern 1540[3]-1541. (Formerly a monk of St. Peter's, Westminster)
  • Edmund Weston B.Cn.& C.L. 1541[11] -1554[5]
  • Thomas Wood B.D. 1554[5] -1556.

Canons of the 11th Prebend

  • William Harvye or Faythe 1540[3]-1544. (Formerly a monk of St. Peter's, Westminster)
  • Thomas Reynold D.D. 1544[12] -1556.

Canons of the 12th Prebend

  • Gerard Carleton B.D. 1540[3]-1549[10]
  • Giles Eyer D.D. 1549[10]-1551.[4]
  • Thomas Birkhed B.D. 1551[4]-1554[5]
  • William Pye D.D. 1554[5]-1556.

Secular chapter abolished 26 Sept. 1556

List of Canons of the Second Foundation 1560-1660

Canons of the 1st Prebend

Canons of the 2nd Prebend

  • Humphrey Parkyns D.D. 1560[13]-1577.
  • John Reade B.D. 1578[16]-1587.
  • Richard Wood D.D. 1587-1609.
  • Henry Caesar or Adelmare D.D. 1609-1626.
  • Thomas Wilson B.D. 1626-1652/3.

Canons of the 3rd Prebend

Canons of the 4th Prebend

Canons of the 5th Prebend

  • Richard Alvey B.D. 1560[13]-1574.[21]
  • Thomas Aldriche M.A. 1574[21]-1576.[16]
  • John Rugge B.C.L. 1576[16]-1582.[22]
  • Nicholas Bond D.D. 1582[22]-1608.
  • William Robinson D.D. 1608-1642.
  • Matthew Nicholas D.C.L. 1642-1661. Dean of Bristol.

Canons of the 6th Prebend

Canons of the 7th Prebend

Canons of the 8th Prebend

  • William Latymer M.A. 1560[13]-1583. Dean of Peterborough.
  • Edward Buckley D.D. 1583-1621.
  • William Laud D.D. 1621-1628. Appointed Bishop of London from 1628.
  • Griffith Williams D.D. 1628-1641. Appointed Bishop of Ossory 1641.
  • Benjamin Laney D.D. 1641-1663. Previously Canon of the 10th Prebend. Appointed Bishop of Lincoln 1663.

Canons of the 9th Prebend

  • Richard Ryve M.A. 1560[13]-1594.
  • Cuthbert Bellott B.D. 1594-1620.
  • Robert Newell B.D. 1620-1642.

Canons of the 10th Prebend

Canons of the 11th Prebend

Canons of the 12th Prebend

List of Canons of the Second Foundation since 1660

The Prebendaries admitted since the Restoration in 1660 had no fixed stalls to their prebends, but upon any vacany the new Prebendary was installed in the lowest stall on the side where the vacancy happened, and not in the stall of him who died, or was promoted.[27]

A prebend at Westminster was highly sought after by the ecclesiastical establishment The value of the prebend helped to enrich the salaries of some of the poorer bishops, who retained their prebends at Westminster whilst in office.

Other distinguishing features of the Westminster chapter were the close links with Westminster School, thirteen headmasters were canons, and eleven members of the peerage or baronetage were members of the chapter at various times.

The Ecclesiastical Commissioners reports in 1835 and 1836 (as enacted in the statute 3 & 4 Queen Victoria c. 113) called for a reduction in the number of canons from twelve to six. Two of the remaining prebends were united with the rectories of St. Margaret's Westminster and St. John's, Westminster.

The number of prebends was reduced further from six to five in 1890 on the resignation of Brooke Westcott and from five to four in 1941 on the resignation of Frank Russell Barry.

Canons are listed here by succession, rather than by chronological order of appointment.

Canons in the succession of John Doughty

  • John Doughty M.A. 1660-1672.[28]
  • Hon. John North M.A. 1673-1683.
  • Edward Felling M.A. 1683-1691.
  • Stephen Upman M.A. 1691-1707.
  • Thomas Knipe D.D. 1707-1711[28]
  • Jonathan Kimberley M.A. 1711-1720.
  • Thomas Manningham M.A. 1720-1750.[29]
  • Philip Yonge D.D. 1750[30]-1754. Became prebendary of St. Paul's Cathedral.
  • Sir Richard Cope, 9th Baronet M.A. 1754[31]-1806.[32]
  • Lord Henry Fitzroy M.A. 1806[33]-1828.[34]
  • Henry Vincent Bayley D.D. 1828[35]-1844.[36]
  • Christopher Wordsworth D.D. 1844[37]-1869. Appointed Bishop of Lincoln in 1869.
  • George Prothero 1869 - 1894
  • Charles Gore 1894–1902 Bishop of Worcester

Canons in the succession of Walter Jones

Canonry suspended from 1890.

Canons in the succession of Henry Killigrew

  • Charles Wake D.C.L. 1768-1796.[49]
  • George William Lukin LL.B. 1797-1799. Appointed Dean of Wells 1799.
  • Thomas Causton M.A. 1799-1842.[50]

No successor appointed in accordance with Statues 3 & 4 Queen Victoria. c. 113.

Canons in the succession of Richard Busby

  • Richard Busby B.D. 1660-1695.[28]
  • Richard Willis D.D. 1695-1702. Appointed Dean of Lincoln 1702.
  • Richard Martin M.A. 1702.[51]
  • Michael Evans M.A. 1702-1732[52]
  • William Barnard M.A. 1732-1743. Appointed Dean of Rochester 1743.
  • Robert Hay Drummond M.A. 1743[53]-1748. Appointed Bishop of St. Asaph 1748.
  • Christopher Wilson M.A. 1748[54]-1758. Appointed Canon of St. Paul's Cathedral, 1758.
  • Reeve Ballard M.A. 1758[55]-1770.[56]

No successor appointed in accordance with Statues 3 & 4 Queen Victoria. c. 113.

Canons in the succession of John Sudbury

  • John Sudbury D.D. 1660-1662. Appointed Dean of Durham 1602.
  • Thomas Triplett D.D. 1662-1670.[28]
  • William Outram D.D. 1670-1679.[28]
  • Richard Annesley M.A. 1679-1701.
  • Edward Gee D.D. 1701-1730.
  • Robert Thistlethwaite D.D. 1730-1739.
  • Matthew Hutton D.D. 1739[64]-1743. Appointed Bishop of Bangor 1743.
  • Thomas Wilson D.D. 1743[65]-1784.[66]
  • William Cleaver D.D. 1784[67]-1800. (Also Bishop of Chester from 1784. Appointed Bishop of Bangor 1800.
  • William Vincent D.D. 1801[68]-1802. Appointed Dean of Westminster 1802.
  • John Ireland M.A. 1802[69]-1815. Appointed Dean of Westminster 1815.
  • James Webber B.D. 1816[70]-1847.[71]

No successor appointed in accordance with Statues 3 & 4 Queen Victoria. c. 113.

Canons in the succession of James Lamb

  • Frederick William Blomberg M.A. 1808[79]-1822. Appointed Canon of St. Paul's Cathedral 1822.
  • George Holcombe D.D. 1822[80]-1836.[81]
  • John Jennings M.A. 1837[82]-1885.
  • Charles Wellington Furse 1883 - 1894 (moved Canonry)
  • Albert Basil Orme Wilberforce 1894 - 1916
  • Henry Reginald Gamble 1916 - 1918
  • Henry Lawe Corry Vully de Candole 1918 - 1926
  • Clifford Salisbury Woodward 1926 - 1933
  • Frank Russell Barry 1933 - 1941

Canonry suspended from 1941.

Canons in the succession of Francis Walsall

  • Francis Walsall D.D. 1660-1661.
  • Thomas Gorges D.D. 1661-1667.
  • Robert Bourman D.D. 1667-1675.
  • Francis Durant de Bréval D.D. 1675-1708.
  • Samuel Bradford D.D. 1708-1723. (also Bishop of Carlisle 1718)), appointed Bishop of Rochester and Dean of Westminster 1723.
  • John Herbert D.D. 1723-1729.
  • Edward Aspinwall D.D. 1729[83]-1732.[84]
  • Richard Bundy D.D. 1732[85]-1739.[86]

No successor appointed in accordance with Statues 3 & 4 Queen Victoria. c. 113.

Canons in the succession of Herbert Thorndike

Herbert Thorndike was appointed in succession to Matthew Nicholas, canon of the 5th Prebend.

  • Herbert Thorndike M.A. 1661-1672.
  • Nicholas Only D.D. 1672-1724.
  • George Ingram M.A. 1724-1763.[97] 8th Viscount Irwin.
  • Philip Lloyd M.A. 1763[98]-1765. Appointed Dean of Norwich 1765.
  • Robert Fowler D.D. 1765[99]-1771. Appointed Bishop of Killaloe and Kilfenora 1771.
  • Thomas Patrick Young D.D. 1771[100]-1778.[101]

No successor appointed in accordance with Statues 3 & 4 Queen Victoria. c. 113.

Canons in the succession of Charles Gibbs

Charles Gibbs was appointed in succession to Peter Heylin of the 6th Prebend.

  • Charles Gibbs D.D. 1662-1681.
  • William Sill M.A. 1681-1687.
  • George Berkeley M.A. 1687-1694.
  • William Payne D.D. 1694-1697.
  • Richard Lucas D.D. 1697-1715.[28]
  • Robert Cannon D.D. 1715-1722.
  • John Mandeville D.D. 1722-1725.
  • James Hargraves M.A. 1725-1741.
  • Richard Bullock D.D. 1741[111]-1754.[112]
  • John Oswald B.C.L. 1755[113]-1762. Appointed Bishop of Clonfert and Kilmacduagh 1762.
  • Charles Burdett M.A. 1762[114]-1772.[115]
  • Thomas Marriott M.A. 1772[116]-1781.[117]
  • Robert Poole Finch D.D. 1781[118]-1803.
  • Howel Holland Edwards M.A. 1803[119]-1846.

No successor appointed in accordance with Statues 3 & 4 Queen Victoria. c. 113.

Canons in the succession of Robert South

Robert South was appointed in succession to Benjamin Laney of the 8th Prebend.

Canons in the succession of George Stradling

George Stradling was appointed in succession to William Haywood of the 11th Prebend.

  • George Stradling D.D. 1663-1688.[28]
  • James Sartre M.A. 1688-1713.
  • Thomas Sprat M.A. 1713-1720.
  • William Craig M.A. 1720-1721.[28]
  • Joseph Wilcocks D.D. 1721-1731. (also Bishop of Gloucester). Appointed Dean of Westminster 1731.
  • Alured Clarke D.D. 1731[133]-1742.[134]
  • John Hume M.A. 1742[135]-1748. Appointed Canon of St. Paul's Cathedral 1748.
  • Edward Crane LL.D. 1748[136]-1777.[137]
  • Hon. Nicholas Boscawen D.D. 1777[138]-1793.[139]
  • Thomas Hughes M.A. 1793[140]-1807. Appointed Canon of St. Paul's Cathedral 1807.
  • William Douglas M.A. 1807[141]-1819.
  • Andrew Bell D.D., LL.D. 1819[142]-1832.
  • Evelyn Levett Sutton M.A. 1832[143]-1835.[144]
  • Henry Hart Milman M.A. 1835[145]-1849. Appointed Dean of St. Paul's 1849.
  • William Cureton M.A. 1849[146]-1864.[147]
  • William Conway 1864 - 1876
  • Frederic William Farrar 1876 - 1895
  • Robert Eyton 1895 - 1899
  • Joseph Armitage Robinson 1899 - 1900 (moved Canonry)
  • Herbert Hensley Henson 1900 - 1912 (afterwards Bishop of Durham)
  • William Hartley Carnegie 1913 - 1936
  • Vernon Faithfull Storr 1936 - 1941 (already canon)
  • Alan Campbell Don 1941 - 1946
  • Charles Hugh Egerton Smyth 1946 - 1956
  • Michael Staffurth Stancliffe 1956 - 1970
  • David Lawrence Edwards 1970 - 1978
  • Sebastian Charles 1978 - 1989
  • Paul Bates 1990 - 1994[148]
  • David Handley Hutt 1995 - 2005
  • Jane Hedges 2005 -

Canons in the succession of David Mitchell

  • Ernest Hawkins 1864 - 1868
  • Francis Knyvett Leighton 1868 - 1881
  • Thomas James Rowsell 1881 - 1894
  • Charles Wellington Furse 1894 - 1900 (already Canon)
  • Joseph Armitage Robinson 1900 - 1902 (already Canon) afterwards Dean of Westminster
  • Henry Charles Beeching 1902–1911 afterwards Dean of Norwich
  • Ernest Harold Pearce 1911 - 1919 afterwards Bishop of Worcester
  • William Temple 1919 - 1921
  • Vernon Faithfull Storr 1921 - 1937 (moved canonry)
  • Stephen Jack Marriott 1937 - 1963
  • Max Alexander Cunningham Warren 1963 - 1973
  • John Austin Baker 1973 - 1982
  • Anthony Harvey 1982 - 1999
  • (Nicholas) Thomas Wright 2000 - 2003 afterwards Bishop of Durham
  • Nicholas Sagovsky 2004 - 2011

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