Denmark–Sudan relations

Denmark-Sudan relations

Denmark	Sudan

Denmark–Sudan relations refers to the current and historical relations between Denmark and Sudan. Denmark is represented in Sudan, through its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.^[1] Sudan is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Oslo, Norway.^[2]

Current relations

Danish-Sudanese relations are extremely poor. On 27 February 2008, Sudan decided to boycott Danish goods after the controversial Muhammad cartoons have been reprinted by a series of newspapers in Denmark and other European countries. Sudanese President Omar al-Bashir has backed up the country and other Muslim states, requiring them to boycott Danish products just as Sudan did. He even stated that "No Danes shall ever again be able to set foot in Sudan." Due to the tensions, the two countries have closed their embassies.^[3] Sudan also introduced travel restrictions against Danish citizens.^[4]

History

In the 1960s, Denmark offered aid to rural development in Sudan.^[5]

On 4 August 1969, a Danish Sterling Airways flight were seized by the Sudanese authorities, because it was going to Tel Aviv, a "violation of the arab world's anti-israeli boycott." The next day, the Sudanese government agreed to release the passengers.^[6][7]

In the 1970s, Denmark and Sudan signed many agreements, as they desired to strengthen the economic relations between the two countries. As part of the agreements, Denmark lend 15 million DKK to Sudan in 1971,^[8] 25 million DKK in 1974,^[9] and 40 million DKK in 1978.^[10] From 2004 to 2009, Denmark gave 500 million DKK as aid to Sudan.^[11]

Denmark send humanitarian aid to Darfur, during the War in Darfur,^[12] and send 40 - 45 soldiers to Darfur as peacekeepers.^[13] In 2006, Sudan received 26 million dollars in aid.^[14] During the 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference, when Amnesty International learned that Denmark had invited the Sudanese President Omar al-Bashir, they wanted the Danish Government to arrest him.^[15]

Agreements

In May 1959, Denmark and Sudan signed an air service agreement.^[16] In 1976, an economic, industrial, scientific and technical agreement were signed between Denmark and Sudan.^[17] On 31 July 1983, Denmark and Sudan signed the Agreement on cooperation regarding personnel and training assistance. An agreement that would strengthen their cooperation.^[18] On 28 August 1992, both countries signed an financing implementation of a consolidation phase for rehabilitation of water yards in Sudan agreement.^[19]

References

1. ^ "Danish contact information in Sudan." (in English). Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Denmark). Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Denmark). http://um.dk/en/about-us/organisation/missions-abroad/africa/sudan/. Retrieved 8 August 2011. 
2. ^ "The embassy of Sudan in Oslo". Government of Sudan. Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Sudan). http://www.sudanoslo.no/Pages/links.shtml. Retrieved 8 August 2011. 
3. ^ "Sudan opfordrer til global boykot af Danmark" (in Danish). DR (broadcaster). Ritzau. 27 February 2008. http://www.dr.dk/Nyheder/Udland/2008/02/27/140125.htm. Retrieved 8 August 2011. 
4. ^ "Sudans præsident opfordrer til verdensboykot af Danmark". Berlingske. 27 February 2008. http://www.b.dk/danmark/sudans-praesident-opfordrer-til-verdensboykot-af-danmark. Retrieved 8 August 2011. 
5. ^ Record of the Arab world: yearbook of Arab and Israeli politics. Research and Pub. House. 1969. p. 3348. http://www.google.dk/search?rlz=1C1RNPN_enDK424DK424&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8&q=.#q=&hl=da&rlz=1C1RNPN_enDK424DK424&prmdo=1&sa=X&ei=mDlATvuyBcyKswbbt7m-CA&ved=0CBwQpwUoBA&source=lnt&tbs=cdr:1%2Ccd_min%3A1956%2Ccd_max%3A1970&tbm=bks&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.&fp=7508b4608b8f5938&biw=1280&bih=709. Retrieved 8 August 2011. 
6. ^ Sudan frees Danish airliner. Alberta: Edmonton Journal. 5 August 1969. p. 6. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=6e1kAAAAIBAJ&sjid=LYINAAAAIBAJ&pg=4542,617998&dq=&hl=en. Retrieved 9 August 2011. 
7. ^ Danish airliner held in Sudan. 42. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. 5 August 1969. p. 1. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=8b5SAAAAIBAJ&sjid=4H0DAAAAIBAJ&pg=2584,484711&dq=&hl=en. Retrieved 9 August 2011. 
8. ^ "Denmark and Sudan: Agreement on a Danish Government Loan to the Government of the Democratic Republic of the Sudan (with annexes and ex change of letters). Signed at Cairo on 18 May 1971". 11295 11295: 10. 18 May 1971. http://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%20794/volume-794-I-11295-English.pdf. Retrieved 8 August 2011. 
9. ^ United Nations (14 March 1974). "Denmark and Sudan: Agreement on a Danish Government loan to the Govern ment of the Democratic Republic of the Sudan (with annexes and exchange of letters). Signed at Khartoum on 14 March 1974" (in English and French). 13599 (Khartoum: United Nations Treaty Series) 952,1-I359: 7. http://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%20952/volume-952-I-13599-English.pdf. Retrieved 8 August 2011. 
10. ^ United Nations (29 March 1978). "Denmark and Sudan: Agreement on a Danish Government loan to the Democratic Republic of the Sudan .signed at Cairo on 29 March 1978" (in English and French). 17806 (United Nations Treaty Series) 1136,1-1780: 8. http://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%201136/volume-1136-I-17806-English.pdf. Retrieved 8 August 2011. 
11. ^ "Sudan glider af på danske trusler". Jyllandsposten. 30 November 2004. http://jp.dk/udland/article316301.ece. Retrieved 8 August 2011. 
12. ^ "Dansk styr på nødhjælp i Sudan". Jyllandsposten. 18 October 2004. http://jp.dk/udland/article327530.ece. Retrieved 8 August 2011. 
13. ^ "Dansk nødhjælp og soldater til Sudan". Jyllandsposten. 2 July 2004. http://jp.dk/indland/article357450.ece. Retrieved 8 August 2011. 
14. ^ "Sudan Decries Danes Over Prophet Cartoon". Breitbart. http://www.breitbart.com/article.php?id=D8V2N7VO0&show_article=1&catnum=0. Retrieved 10 August 2011. 
15. ^ "Sudan: Denmark Must Arrest Sudanese President if He Attends Climate Conference". AllAfrica. 20 November 2009. http://allafrica.com/stories/200911231772.html. Retrieved 9 August 2011. 
16. ^ United Nations (11 May 1959). "Agreement on air services between and beyond their respective territories". 6380 (Cairo: United Nations Series Treaty) 6380: 10. http://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%20445/volume-445-I-6380-English.pdf. Retrieved 8 August 2011. 
17. ^ United Nations (21 May 1976). "Denmark and Sudan: Agreement on economic, industrial, scientific and technical co-operation. Signed at Copenhagen on 21 May 197" (in English and French). 1516 (Copenhagen: United Nations Treaty Series) 1030,1-1516: 3. http://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%201030/volume-1030-I-15160-English.pdf. Retrieved 8 August 2011. 
18. ^ United Nations. "Denmark and Sudan: Agreement on cooperation regarding personnel and training assistance. Signed at Khartoum on 31 July 1983" (in English and French). 29866 (Khartoum: United Nations Treaty Series) 1717, 1-2986 (29866): 9. http://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%201717/volume-1717-I-29866-English.pdf. Retrieved 8 August 2011. 
19. ^ United Nations (28 August 1992). "Denmark and Sudan: Agreement for financing the implementation of a consolidation phase for rehabilitation of water yards in Sudan (with annex). Signed at Copenhagen on 28 August 1992" (in English and French). 3007 (Copenhagen: United Nations Treaty Series) 1724, 1-3007: 14. http://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%201724/volume-1724-I-30072-English.pdf. Retrieved 8 August 2011. 

External links

• "Sudan boycotts Danish goods". Wikinews. 27 February 2008. http://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Sudan_boycotts_Danish_goods. Retrieved 8 August 2011.