Jack Valenti

Infobox Person
name = Jack Valenti


image_size = 150px
caption = Jack Valenti
birth_date = September 5 1921
birth_place = Houston, Texas, United States
death_date = April 26 2007 (aged 85)
death_place = Washington, D.C., United States
occupation = President of the MPAA
alma_mater = University of Houston
Harvard University

Jack Joseph Valenti (September 5 1921 – April 26 2007) was a long-time president of the Motion Picture Association of America. During his 38-year tenure in the MPAA, he created the MPAA film rating system, and he was generally regarded as one of the most influential pro-copyright lobbyists in the world.

Early life

Valenti was born in Houston, Texas, USA, on September 5 1921, the son of Italian immigrants. During World War II, he was a lieutenant in the United States Army Air Corps, flew 51 combat missions as the pilot-commander of a B-25 attack bomber and received four decorations.

Valenti received his B.B.A. from the University of Houston and M.B.A at Harvard University. During his time at UH, Valenti worked on "The Daily Cougar" newspaper staff, and served as president of the university's student government. Valenti would later serve on the university's board of regents, and became the School of Communication's namesake when it was renamed to the Jack J. Valenti School of Communication in April 2008. In 2002, the university also awarded him an honorary doctorate.

In 1952, he co-founded "Weekley & Valenti", an advertising/political consulting agency.

Political career

Valenti's agency was in charge of the press during the November 1963 visit of President John F. Kennedy and Vice-President Lyndon Johnson to Dallas, Texas. Following the assassination of President Kennedy, Valenti was present in the famous photograph of Lyndon Johnson's swearing in aboard Air Force One, and rode with the new president to Washington. He then became the first "special assistant" to Johnson's White House. He lived in the White House for the first two months of Johnson's presidency. Valenti was so loyal to Johnson that it was once said of him "If LBJ dropped the H-bomb, Valenti would call it an urban renewal project." [ [http://www.trivia-library.com/b/u-s-president-lyndon-b-johnson-description-and-personality-part-2.htm U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson Description and Personality Part 2 ] ]

Career in the MPAA

In 1966, Valenti, at the insistence of Universal Studios chief Lew Wasserman, and with Johnson's consent, resigned his White House commission and became the president of the Motion Picture Association of America. With Valenti's arrival in Hollywood, the pair were life-long allies, and together orchestrated and controlled how Hollywood would conduct business for the next several decades.

Movie rating system

In 1968, Valenti created the MPAA film rating system. The system initially comprised four distinct ratings: G, M, R, and X. The M rating would soon be replaced by GP, which was later changed to PG. The X rating immediately proved troublesome, since it was not trademarked and therefore was used freely by the pornography industry, with which it became most associated. Films such as "Midnight Cowboy" and "A Clockwork Orange" were assumed to be pornographic because they carried the X rating. In 1990 the NC-17 rating was introduced to provide an "art house" X rating for non-pornographic adult oriented drama. The PG-13 rating was added in 1984 to provide a greater range of distinction for audiences.

The system that Valenti instituted in 1968 eventually proved to be effective in reversing negative trends in box office revenue for the major Hollywood studios.Fact|date=February 2007 The MPAA rating system allowed studios to explore more commercially successful themes.

Valenti on new technologies

During the late 1970s and early 1980s, Valenti became notorious for his colorful attacks on the Sony Betamax Video Cassette Recorder (VCR), which the MPAA feared would devastate the movie industry. He famously told a congressional panel in 1982, "I say to you that the VCR is to the American film producer and the American public as the Boston strangler is to the woman home alone." [ [http://cryptome.org/hrcw-hear.htm Jack Valenti Testimony at 1982 House Hearing on Home Recording of Copyrighted Works] ] Despite Valenti's prediction, the home video market ultimately came to be the mainstay of movie studio revenues throughout the 1980s and into the 1990s, until the DVD displaced the VCR in the American living room.

Digital Millennium Copyright Act

In 1998 Valenti lobbied for the controversial Digital Millennium Copyright Act, arguing that copyright infringement via the Internet would severely damage the record and movie industries. [ [http://www-tech.mit.edu/V124/N20/ValentiIntervie.20f.html An interview conducted by a GNU/Linux user from MIT] ]

2003 screener ban injunction

In 2003, Valenti found himself at the center of the so-called screener debate, as the MPAA barred studios and many independent producers from sending screener copies of their films to critics and voters in various awards shows. Under mounting industry pressure and a court injunction ["Antidote Int'l Films Inc. et.al v MPAA" (Nov. 2003)] , Valenti backed down in 2004, narrowly avoiding a massive and embarrassing antitrust lawsuit against the MPAA.

The Coalition of Independent Filmmakers' Jeff Levy-Hinte, IFP/Los Angeles executive director Dawn Hudson and IFP/New York executive director Michelle Byrd said in a joint statement, "By obtaining a court order to force the MPAA to lift the screener ban last December, the Coalition enabled individual distributors to determine when and in what manner to distribute promotional screeners." It was viewed as Valenti's greatest professional loss.

Retirement

Valenti's salary in 2004 was reported to be $1.35 million, which made him the seventh-highest paid Washington trade group chief, according to the National Journal.

Valenti was nominated for President of the United States by the Alfalfa Club in 2004.

In August 2004, Valenti, then 82 years old, retired and was replaced by former U.S. Congressman, and Secretary of Agriculture, Dan Glickman. The current head of the ratings system, Joan Graves, was appointed by Valenti.

Post retirement he had become involved in technology-related venture capital activities, most recently joining the Advisory Board of Legend Ventures, where he advised on media investment opportunities.

Death

He died on April 26 2007. [cite news |first= |last= |authorlink= |coauthors= |title=Jack Valenti, Confidant of Presidents and Stars, Dies at 85 |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/26/obituaries/27valenticndcnd.html?scp=1&sq=%22Jack%20Valenti%22%20dies&st=cse |quote=Jack Valenti, who became a confidant of President Lyndon B. Johnson and then a Hollywood institution, leading the Motion Picture Association of America and conceiving of a voluntary film-rating system that gave new meaning to letters like G, R and X, died today in his home in Washington. He was 85. |publisher=New York Times |date=April 26 2007 |accessdate=2008-07-09 ]

Legacy

His memoirs "This Time, This Place: My Life in War, the White House and Hollywood" were published on May 15 2007, only a few weeks after his death.

Honors

In 1985, Jack Valenti received the French Légion d'Honneur. [cite web |url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9800E4D81439F937A35755C0A963948260 |author=James F. Clarity and Francis X. Clines |title="A French Hug" |publisher="New York Times" ] [cite web |url=http://scanblog.blogspot.com/2007/04/jack-valenti.html |title="It's all good: Jack Valenti"]

In December 2003, Valenti received the "Legend in Leadership Award" from the Chief Executive Leadership Institute of the Yale School of Management.

In June 2005, the Washington DC headquarters of the Motion Picture Association of America, was renamed the Jack Valenti Building. It is located at 888 16th St. NW, Washington DC, very close to the White House. Jack Valenti maintained an office on the 8th floor, outside the MPAA's space, until his death.

In April 2008, the University of Houston renamed their School of Communication to the Jack J. Valenti School of Communication in his honor. Valenti was one of the school's notable alumni. [cite web |url=http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/editorial/outlook/5732031.html |author=Wilson, Sr., Welcome |title="Fitting way to remember Valenti" |publisher="Houston Chronicle" |work=chron.com |date=2008-04-26 |accessdate=2008-04-28]

Personal life

Valenti had been a long-time bachelor until, in 1962, at the age of 41, he married Mary Margaret Valenti. They had three children: John, Alexandra and Warner Bros. studio executive Courtenay Valenti, who attended The Madeira School. Jack Valenti appeared in a 2006 documentary about the school. He died just before the couple celebrated their forty-fifth anniversary.

Books by Jack Valenti

*"Ten Heroes and Two Heroines (1957)
*"The Bitter Taste of Glory (1971)
*"A Very Human President" (1976; ISBN 0-671-80834-6)
*"Protect and Defend" (1992; ISBN 0-385-41735-7)
*"Speak Up With Confidence" (2002; ISBN 0-7868-8750-8)
*"This Time This Place" (2007; ISBN 0307346641 )

References

External links

*imdb name|id=0884122
*Find A Grave|id=19109468
* [http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,20867,21647610-12272,00.html Valenti and the Australian film industry]
* [http://radio.eff.org/radio_shows/lessig_valenti.mp3 An MP3 recording] of a debate with Lawrence Lessig
* [http://www.mpaa.org MPAA]
* [http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A18981-2004Mar23?language=printer Jack Valenti's Long Goodbye, Washington Post]
* [http://cryptome.org/hrcw-hear.htm Testimony of Jack Valenti before Congress in 1982]
* [http://jack-valenti.bemmu.com/interviews.php List of Jack Valenti interviews] An extensive list of interviews
* [http://www.washingtonlife.com/directories/photos/?letter=J&name=Jack--Valenti Jack and wife Mary Margaret Valenti] picture
* [http://mpaa.org/press_releases/mpaa%20statement%20on%20passing%20of%20jack%20valenti%20_3_.pdf MPAA Chair on the Passing of Jack Valenti]
* [http://www.thenation.com/docprint.mhtml?i=20030630&s=schatz The Last Mogul -- Valenti's Ties to Hollywood Kingpin] Lew Wasserman

Persondata
NAME= Valenti, Jack
ALTERNATIVE NAMES=
SHORT DESCRIPTION= President of the MPAA
DATE OF BIRTH= September 5 1921
PLACE OF BIRTH= Houston, Texas, United States
DATE OF DEATH= April 26 2007
PLACE OF DEATH= Washington, D.C., United States