Dennis Gabor

Dennis Gabor
Dennis Gabor

Born 5 June 1900(1900-06-05)
Budapest, Kingdom of Hungary
Died 8 February 1979(1979-02-08) (aged 78)
London, England
Citizenship Hungarian / British
Fields Electrical engineering
Institutions Imperial College London
British Thomson-Houston
Alma mater Technical University of Berlin
Technical University of Budapest
Known for Invention of holography
Notable awards Nobel Prize in Physics (1971)
IEEE Medal of Honor (1970)

Dennis Gabor CBE, FRS[1] (original Hungarian name: Gábor Dénes; 5 June 1900 – 8 February 1979) was a Hungarian-British[2] electrical engineer and inventor, most notable for inventing holography, for which he later received the 1971 Nobel Prize in Physics.[3]

Contents

Biography

He was born as Günszberg Dénes, into a Jewish family in Budapest, Hungary, as the first born son of Günszberg Bernát and Jakobovits Adél. In 1902, the family received the permission to change their family name from Günszberg to Gábor. He served with the Hungarian artillery in northern Italy during World War I.[4] He studied at the Technical University of Budapest from 1918, later in Germany, at the Charlottenburg Technical University in Berlin, now known as the Technical University of Berlin.[5] At the start of his career, he analysed the properties of high voltage electric transmission lines by using cathode-beam oscillographs, which led to his interest in electron optics.[5] Studying the fundamental processes of the oscillograph, Gabor was led to other electron-beam devices such as electron microscopes and TV tubes. He eventually wrote his Ph.D. thesis concerning the cathode ray tube in 1927, and worked on plasma lamps.[5]

Gabor, a Jew, fled from Nazi Germany in 1933, and was invited to Britain to work at the development department of the British Thomson-Houston company in Rugby, Warwickshire. During his time in Rugby, he met Marjorie Butler, and they married in 1936. He became a British citizen in 1946,[6] and it was while working at British Thomson-Houston that he invented holography, in 1947.[7] He experimented with a heavily filtered mercury arc light source.[5] However, the earliest hologram was only realised in 1964 following the 1960 invention of the laser, the first coherent light source. After this, holography became commercially available.

Gabor's research focused on electron inputs and outputs, which led him to the invention of re-holography.[5] The basic idea was that for perfect optical imaging, the total of all the information has to be used; not only the amplitude, as in usual optical imaging, but also the phase. In this manner a complete holo-spatial picture can be obtained.[5] Gabor published his theories of re-holography in a series of papers between 1946 and 1951.[5]

Gabor also researched how human beings communicate and hear; the result of his investigations was the theory of granular synthesis, although Greek composer Iannis Xenakis claimed that he was actually the first inventor of this synthesis technique.[8] Gabor's work in this and related areas was foundational in the development of time–frequency analysis.

In 1948 Gabor moved from Rugby to Imperial College London, and in 1958 became professor of Applied Physics until his retirement in 1967. While spending much of his retirement in Italy, he remained connected with Imperial College as a Senior Research Fellow and also became Staff Scientist of CBS Laboratories, in Stamford, Connecticut; there, he collaborated with his life-long friend, CBS Labs' president Dr. Peter C. Goldmark in many new schemes of communication and display. One of Imperial College's new halls of residence in Prince's Gardens, Knightsbridge is named Gabor Hall in honour of Gabor's contribution to Imperial College. He developed an interest in social analysis and published The Mature Society: a view of the future in 1972.[9]

Following the rapid development of lasers and a wide variety of holographic applications (e.g., art, information storage, and the recognition of patterns), Gabor achieved acknowledged success and worldwide attention during his lifetime.[5] He received numerous awards besides the Nobel Prize.

Awards

Awards named after Dennis Gabor

The International Society for Optical Engineering (SPIE) presents its Dennis Gabor Award annually, "in recognition of outstanding accomplishments in diffractive wavefront technologies, especially those which further the development of holography and metrology applications." [11]

The NOVOFER Foundation of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences annually presents its International Dennis Gabor Award, for outstanding young scientists researching in the fields of physics and applied technology.

The Gabor Medal is awarded by the Royal Society of London for "acknowledged distinction of interdisciplinary work between the life sciences with other disciplines".[12]

In popular culture

  • On June 5, 2010, the logo for the Google website was drawn to resemble a hologram in honor of Dennis Gabor's 110th birthday.[13]
  • In David Foster Wallace's Infinite Jest, Hal suggests that "Dennis Gabor may very well have been the Antichrist."[14]

See also

Bibliography

Social analysis
  • Inventing the Future (Secker & Warburg, 1963)
"The future cannot be predicted, but futures can be invented. It was man's ability to invent which has made human society what it is." (Pelican Books, 1964, p. 161)
  • Innovations: Scientific, Technological, and Social (1970)
  • The Mature Society. A View of the Future (1972)
  • Beyond the Age of Waste: A Report to the Club of Rome (Pergamon international library of science, technology, engineering and social studies, paperback, 1978)

References

  1. ^ a b Allibone, T. E. (1980). "Dennis Gabor. 5 June 1900-9 February 1979". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 26: 106. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1980.0004.  edit
  2. ^ Hubbard, Arthur T. (1995). The Handbook of Surface Imaging and Visualization. CRC Press, Inc.. ISBN 0849389119. http://books.google.com/?id=VbzL2-zJ6hEC&pg=PA537&dq=dennis+gabor+british+hungarian&q=dennis%20gabor%20british%20hungarian. 
  3. ^ "Dennis Gabor, 1900-1979". Nature 280 (5721): 431–433. 1979. doi:10.1038/280431a0. PMID 379651.  edit
  4. ^ Johnston, Sean (2006). "Wavefront Reconstruction and beyond". Holographic Visions. p. 17. ISBN 9780198571223. http://books.google.com/books?id=B8dcFC43QWoC&pg=PA17#PPA17,M1. 
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h [|Bor, Zsolt] (1999). "Optics by Hungarians". Fizikai Szemle 5: 202. Bibcode 1999AcHA....5..202Z. ISSN 0015-3257. http://www.kfki.hu/fszemle/archivum/fsz9905/bor.html. Retrieved June 5, 2010. 
  6. ^ Wasson, Tyler; Gert H. Brieger (1987). Nobel Prize Winners: An H. W. Wilson Biographical Dictionary. H. W. Wilson. pp. 359. ISBN 0824207564. 
  7. ^ GB685286 GB patent GB685286, British Thomson-Houston Company, published 1947 
  8. ^ Xenakis, Iannis (2001). Formalized Music: Thought and Mathematics in Composition. 9th (2nd ed.). Pendragon Pr.. pp. preface xiii. ISBN 1576470792. 
  9. ^ IEEE Global History Network (2011). "Dennis Gabor". IEEE History Center. http://www.ieeeghn.org/wiki/index.php/Dennis_Gabor. Retrieved 14 July 2011. 
  10. ^ "Franklin Laureate Database - Albert A. Michelson Medal Laureates". Franklin Institute. http://www.fi.edu/winners/show_results.faw?gs=&ln=&fn=&keyword=&subject=&award=MICH+&sy=1967&ey=1997&name=Submit. Retrieved June 14, 2011 (2011-06-14). 
  11. ^ "Dennis Gabor Award". SPIE. 2010. http://spie.org/x48.xml. Retrieved June 4, 2010. 
  12. ^ "The Gabor Medal (1989)". Royal Society. 2009. http://royalsociety.org/Gabor-Medal/. Retrieved June 4, 2010. 
  13. ^ "Dennis Gabor's birth celebrated by Google doodle". The Telegraph. 2010. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/google/7805641/Dennis-Gabors-birth-celebrated-by-Google-doodle.html. Retrieved June 5, 2010. 
  14. ^ Wallace, David Foster (1996). Infinite Jest (New York: Little, Brown and Co.): 12 

External links


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем сделать НИР

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Dennis Gábor — (eigentlich Gábor Dénes, deutsch 1920–1934 auch Dionys Gabor) (* 5. Juni 1900 in Budapest; † 8. Februar 1979 in London) war ein ungarischer Ingenieur, der 1971 den Nobelpreis für Physik für die Erfindung der Holografie erhielt. Er lebte von 1920… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Dennis Gabor — Dennis Gábor. Dennis Gábor (eigtl. Dénes Gábor) (* 5. Juni 1900 in Budapest; † 8. Februar 1979 in London) war ein ungarischer Ingenieur, der später die britische Staatsbürgerschaft annahm. Er absolvierte das Studium der Ingenieurswissenschaften… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Dennis Gábor — Dennis Gabor Dennis Gabor. Dennis Gabor (Gábor Dénes), né le 5 juin 1900 à Budapest en Hongrie et décédé le 9 février 1979 à Londres, était un phycisien rendu célèbre par l invention de l holographie, et ayant obtenu le …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Dennis Gabor — (Gábor Dénes) (5 de junio, 1900, Budapest 9 de febrero, 1979, Londres) fue un físicohúngaro que destaca por ser el inventor de la holografía. Gabor se educó en Budapest y Berlín. T …   Enciclopedia Universal

  • Dennis Gabor — Nacimiento 5 de Junio de 1900 Budapest, Hungría Fallecimiento 9 de Febrero de 1979 Londres, Reino Unido …   Wikipedia Español

  • Dennis Gabor — Pour les articles homonymes, voir Gabor. Dennis Gabor Naissance 5 juin 1900 Budapest (Hongrie) Décès 8 février 1979 …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Dennis Gabor — noun British physicist (born in Hungary) noted for his work on holography (1900 1979) • Syn: ↑Gabor • Instance Hypernyms: ↑physicist …   Useful english dictionary

  • Dennis Gabor — holography …   Inventors, Inventions

  • Physiknobelpreis 1971: Dennis Gabor —   Der britische Physiker erhielt den Nobelpreis für die Erfindung und Entwicklung der holografischen Methode.    Biografie   Dennis Gabor, * Budapest 5. 6. 1900, ✝ London 9. 2. 1979; Studium und Promotion in Berlin, Entwicklung der Hochdruck… …   Universal-Lexikon

  • Gábor Dénes — Dennis Gabor Dennis Gabor. Dennis Gabor (Gábor Dénes), né le 5 juin 1900 à Budapest en Hongrie et décédé le 9 février 1979 à Londres, était un phycisien rendu célèbre par l invention de l holographie, et ayant obtenu le …   Wikipédia en Français

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”