Main-Neckar Railway

Main-Neckar Railway
Main-Neckar Railway
(Main-Neckar-Bahn)
Route number: 650
Line number: 3601
Line length: 87.5 km (54.4 mi)
Gauge: 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 12 in)
Legend
Unknown BSicon "exKBHFa" Unknown BSicon "exKBHFa" Unknown BSicon "exKBHFa"
Frankfurt western stations (until 1888)
Unknown BSicon "tSTRlg" Unknown BSicon "exSTR" Unknown BSicon "exSTR" Unknown BSicon "exSTR"
City Tunnel from Frankfurt South and Offenbach
Unknown BSicon "tSBHF" Unknown BSicon "exSTR" Unknown BSicon "exSTR" Unknown BSicon "exSTR"
Frankfurt (Main) Hbf (underground) (since 1978)
Exit tunnel Unknown BSicon "KBHFxa" Unknown BSicon "KBHFxa" Unknown BSicon "KS+BHFxa"
0,0 Frankfurt (Main) Hbf (since 1888) S7Frankfurt S7.svg
Junction to right Straight track Straight track Straight track
Homburg line to Westbf
Track turning right Straight track Straight track Straight track
Main-Lahn line to Frankfurt-Hoechst
Transverse track Track turning right Straight track Straight track
Main line to Frankfurt Stadion
Transverse track Unknown BSicon "ABZ3rg" Junction to right Straight track
Main-Weser line to Gießen
Track turning from right Straight track Straight track Straight track
Freight line Frankfurt marshalling yard
Unknown BSicon "KRZo" Unknown BSicon "KRZo" Unknown BSicon "KRZo" Track turning right
Taunus line to Frankfurt-Hoechst
Unknown BSicon "BS2l" Unknown BSicon "BS2rc" Unknown BSicon "BS2r"
1.5 Main-Neckar-Brücke junction
Straight track Straight track Unknown BSicon "exKBHFa"
Main-Neckar Station
Bridge over water Bridge over water Unknown BSicon "exSTR"
Main-Neckar Bridge
Straight track Straight track Unknown BSicon "exWBRÜCKE"
Friedens Bridge (former Main-Neckar Bridge)
Straight track Straight track Unknown BSicon "exDST"
Mainspitze
Straight track Straight track Unknown BSicon "exABZlf"
To Lokalbahnhof and line to Offenbach
Small bridge Small bridge Unknown BSicon "exBUE"
B 43, Kennedyallee
Straight track Unknown BSicon "ABZfg" Unknown BSicon "xKRZ"
Line to Frankfurt Süd
Straight track Junction from left Unknown BSicon "xKRZ"
from Frankfurt Süd and City Tunnel S3Frankfurt S3.svg S4Frankfurt S4.svg
Unknown BSicon "BS2l" Unknown BSicon "BS2lc" Unknown BSicon "eBS2r"
Former rail junction
Non-passenger station/depot on track Unknown BSicon "SBHF"
3.7 Frankfurt (Main) Louisa
Junction to right Straight track
Connecting line to Frankfurt-Niederrad
Unknown BSicon "KRZu" Unknown BSicon "KRZu"
Frankfurt Stadion–Frankfurt Süd line
Junction from right Straight track
Connecting line from Frankfurt Stadion
Track turning from left Unknown BSicon "KRZu" Track turning right
(Flying junction)
Straight track Junction to left Track turning from right
... junction
Underbridge Underbridge Underbridge
A 3
Unknown BSicon "SBHF" Non-passenger station/depot on track Station on track
7.2 Neu-Isenburg (Motorail loading point)
Junction from right Straight track Straight track
Former Philipp-Holzmann AG siding
Straight track Straight track Unknown BSicon "eABZlf"
Former branch line to Neu-Isenburg Stadt
Unknown BSicon "SBHF" Non-passenger station/depot on track Station on track
10.7 Dreieich-Buchschlag
Level crossing Level crossing Level crossing
Forstweg/Buchschlager Allee L 3262
Straight track Straight track Track turning left
Dreieich Railway to Dieburg
Unknown BSicon "SHST" Straight track
12.8 Langen Flugsicherung
Underbridge Underbridge
B 486, Umgehung Langen (B 486n)
Unknown BSicon "SBHF" Station on track
13.8 Langen (Hesse) S4Frankfurt S4.svg terminus
Underbridge Underbridge
B 486
Track turning left Unknown BSicon "KRZo" Track turning from right
(Flying junction, S-Bahn single track)
Straight track Track change
Üst Egelsbach
Straight track Unknown BSicon "SHST"
16.7 Egelsbach
Non-passenger station/depot on track Unknown BSicon "SBHF"
18.6 Erzhausen
Level crossing Level crossing
Bahnstraße LC
Straight track Unknown BSicon "SHST"
20.8 Wixhausen
Underbridge Underbridge
B 3 (B 3n)
Straight track Unknown BSicon "eBHF"
22.0 Arheilgen 1848-1894[1]
Non-passenger station/depot on track Unknown BSicon "SBHF"
22.6 Darmstadt-Arheilgen since 1894[2]
Track turning from left Junction to right Junction to left
To Aschaffenburg, Erbach
Unknown BSicon "KRZo" Unknown BSicon "ABZ3lf" Unknown BSicon "STRl+r" Track turning from right
Rhine-Main line to Groß-Gerau
Unknown BSicon "KRZo" Transverse track Unknown BSicon "KRZo" Unknown BSicon "KRZo"
Rhine-Main line Groß-Gerau–Aschaffenburg
Unknown BSicon "KRZo" Track turning from right Straight track Straight track
Rhine-Main line from Groß-Gerau
Straight track Junction from left Unknown BSicon "KRZo" Unknown BSicon "KRZo"
From Aschaffenburg, Erbach
Junction from left Unknown BSicon "STRr+l" Unknown BSicon "ABZ3rf" Unknown BSicon "xKRZr"
Freight line from Darmstadt-Kranichstein
Straight track Straight track Unknown BSicon "exDST"
Darmstadt freight yard
Straight track Straight track Unknown BSicon "exABZrg"
Former line from Darmstadt Ost
Straight track Straight track Unknown BSicon "exBHF"
Main-Neckar station to 1912
Station on track Unknown BSicon "S+BHF" Unknown BSicon "exÜWc2" Unknown BSicon "exÜWor"
27.8 Darmstadt Hbf S3Frankfurt S3.svg terminus
Unknown BSicon "ABZrl" Junction from right Unknown BSicon "exÜWo+l" Unknown BSicon "exÜWc4"
Connecting line
Stop on track Unknown BSicon "exSTR"
29.7 Darmstadt Süd
Straight track Unknown BSicon "exHST"
Bessungen to 1912
Unknown BSicon "BS2l" Unknown BSicon "eBS2r"
Former junction
Underbridge
A 5
Station on track
34.4 Darmstadt-Eberstadt
Unknown BSicon "eABZrf"
to Pfungstadt
Underbridge
A 5
Junction from left
siding
Station on track
40.7 Bickenbach (Bergstr)
Unknown BSicon "eABZlf"
to Seeheim
Stop on track
43.1 Hähnlein-Alsbach
Unrestricted border on track
RMV/VRN fare zone boundary
Station on track
44.5 Zwingenberg (Bergstr)
Station on track
47.2 Bensheim-Auerbach
Station on track
49.5 Bensheim
Large bridge
B 47
Junction to right
Nibelungen Railway to Worms
Small bridge
B 460
Unknown BSicon "eABZlg"
Nibelungen Railway from Worms
Station on track
53.7 Heppenheim (Bergstr)
Unrestricted border on track
56,0 Hesse/Baden-Württemberg state border
Station on track
57.1 Laudenbach (Bergstr)
Station on track
59.4 Hemsbach
Straight track Track turning from left
Weschnitz Valley Railway from Fürth
Small bridge over water Small bridge over water
Weschnitz
Station on track Station on track
63.8 Weinheim (Bergstr)
Unknown BSicon "mKRZu" Unknown BSicon "mKRZu"
Oberrheinische Eisenbahn
Underbridge Underbridge
B 3
Unknown BSicon "KRZu" Track turning right
Line to Viernheim
Stop on track
67.0 Lützelsachsen
Underbridge
A 5
Station on track
69.2 Großsachsen-Heddesheim
Station on track
73.9 Ladenburg
Bridge over water
Neckar bridge
Unknown BSicon "mKRZo"
Oberrheinische Eisenbahn
Unknown BSicon "mKRZo"
Oberrheinische Eisenbahn, K 4138
Station on track
77.1 Mannheim-Friedrichsfeld
Underbridge
A 656
Track turning from left Unknown BSicon "ABZrl" Track turning from right
Rhine Valley Railway to Mannheim
Unknown BSicon "ABZ3rf" Track turning from right Straight track
78.6 Mannheim-Friedrichsfeld Süd junction
Unknown BSicon "ABZlr" Unknown BSicon "KRZu" Junction to right
Freight line to Mannheim
Straight track Stop on track Straight track
Mannheim-Friedrichsfeld Süd
Small non-passenger station on track Straight track Straight track
79.4 Mannheim Ziehbrunnen junction
Track turning right Straight track Straight track
Connecting line to Schwetzingen
Junction from left Unknown BSicon "xABZrf"
83.6 Heidelberg-Wieblingen junction
  (flying junction)
Underbridge Unknown BSicon "exSBRÜCKE"
A 5
Stop on track Unknown BSicon "exSTR"
Heidelberg-Pfaffengrund/Wieblingen
Unknown BSicon "eKRZu" Unknown BSicon "exSTRrf"
former line to Heidelberg marshalling yard
Unknown BSicon "eABZlg"
former line from Schwetzingen
Station on track
87.5 Heidelberg Hbf
Unknown BSicon "eKRZxl"
to Heidelberg Hbf (old)
Junction to left
Neckar Valley Railway to Jagstfeld
Straight track
Rhine Valley Railway to Karlsruhe

The Main-Neckar Railway (German: Main-Neckar–Eisenbahn) is a main line railway west of the Odenwald in the Upper Rhine Plain of Germany that connects Frankfurt am Main to Heidelberg via Darmstadt, Bensheim and Weinheim. It was opened in 1846 and is one of the oldest railways in Germany.

The railway line is part of the networks served by the Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund and Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Neckar.

Contents

History

The Main-Neckar Railway was built and operated as a joint state railway company, known as a condominium railway (Kondominalbahn), by the Free City of Frankfurt, The Grand Duchy of Hesse-Darmstadt and the Grand Duchy of Baden.

Negotiations between the states

The plans for the railway dated back to 1835. However, years went by until the three states involved agreed on routes and how it would be organised. Not until 1838 was a treaty for the construction of a Railway from Frankfurt to Mannheim via Darmstadt agreed. The Hessian Railway Company could not raise the required capital and it was then dissolved. There was a second treaty signed of 21 and 23 March 1843, which agreed to build the Main-Neckar line at government expense and—as a compromise between the interests of Mannheim and Heidelberg—located the line centrally in Friedrichsfeld where it joined the Mannheim–Heidelberg line of the Grand Duchy of Baden State Railway. Baden requested that the line be built to 1600 mm broad gauge but could not gain agreement for this.[3] Responsibility for funding the project was in proportion to the length of the line in the three countries: Frankfurt: 6.9 km, Hesse-Darmstadt: 49.4 km and Baden: 38.8 km. All three governments were represented in the management of the Main-Neckar Railway in Darmstadt.

Construction

The construction of the line began in June 1843 on the Frankfurt section. The management of construction was carried out by municipal chief engineer Remigius Eyssen. On 16 April 1846, the first trial service ran from Darmstadt to Langen.[4] The fare for this trip was 1 guilder and 6 kreuzers for first class, 48 kreuzers for second class, 33 kreuzers for third class and 21 kreuzers for fourth class.

The line was opened for the scheduled traffic in sections:

  • 22 June 1846: Langen to Darmstadt and Bensheim
  • 16 July 1846: Langen to Mainspitze (Frankfurt) and Sachsenhausen (renamed Lokalbahnhof in 1876)
  • First continuous trial run from Frankfurt to Heidelberg on 27 July 1846
  • 1 August 1846: Bensheim to the junction with the Heidelberg–Mannheim line,[5] thus completing the line. At first carriages were pushed manually over the temporary bridge at Ladenburg; from 9 October 1846 locomotive-hauled traffic ran over the bridge.
  • On 20 November 1851, the rail link to the Main-Weser Railway was opened in Frankfurt, and a year later passenger services opened on the link, making the Main-Neckar line part of a major north-south axis.[6] The rail connection to the Taunus station was built in 1871.[7]

Bridges

Neckar Bridge at Ladenburg 1900

Until the Main-Neckar Bridge in Frankfurt (at the site of today's Friedensbrücke) was completed on opened to traffic on 15 November 1848, rail services ran into the Mainspitze depot and reversed to the old Sachsenhausen station. After the completion of the bridge over the Main the line ended in Main-Neckar station. The original temporary wooden bridge at Ladenburg was replaced by a stone arch bridge in 1848.[8]

Gauges

Since the Baden Mainline between Mannheim and Heidelberg was built with a broad gauge of 1600 mm and the Main-Neckar line with standard gauge of 1435 mm, additional track had to be built: from Friedrichsfeld to Heidelberg a second line ran next to the line of the Baden State Railway line. From Friedrichsfeld to Mannheim, the Baden State Railway built an additional standard gauge track at its own expense, although it was operated by the Main-Neckar Railway.[9]

Stations

A train leaving the old Heidelberg Station in 1840

The route began in Frankfurt at the Main-Neckar station, one of the three Frankfurt western stations. It was in the (present) Willy-Brandt-Platz on the corner of Münchner Straße and Gallusanlage, south of the Taunus station. It was demolished in 1888. Similarly the old Main-Neckar Darmstadt station was replaced by the current Darmstadt Hauptbahnhof between 1910 and 1912 and the old Heidelberg station, which was opened in May 1848,[10] was replaced by the current Heidelberg Hauptbahnhof in 1955 and demolished in 1960. Each of these stations proved too small for the rapidly growing traffic and were replaced by bigger stations built further from the centre of the towns they serve. The architectural quality of the reception buildings on the line was high. In Bensheim and Heppenheim they were designed by Georg Moller.

Operations

1847 timetable

Initially the railway had 18 locomotives and 252 cars. Twelve locomotives were bought by Hesse-Darmstadt from the Sharp locomotive works of Manchester. The six locomotives purchased of Baden and Frankfurt came from Kesslers Maschinenfabrik in Karlsruhe. All locomotives had a 1A1 wheel arrangement.

On 9 August 1847 freight operations started, with freight carried by mixed trains, until 1848 when separate freight trains proved successful.[11] In the first 15 years of operations, freight volume increased thirty times while the number of passengers carried increased by 50%. The Main-Neckar line was completed and fully open to traffic with the commissioning of the Main-Neckar bridge in Frankfurt on 15 November 1848.

From 18 May 1849 the line was closed to traffic south of Heppenheim as a result of the Baden Revolution and on 6 and 7 June 1849 the line was used exclusively for military transport. Civil operations only resumed on the entire route on 27 June 1849. Operations were also temporarily disrupted in the War of 1866.[12]

Economic impact

The Main-Neckar Railway brought jobs and income for the people of the Bergstrasse and the western Odenwald. It connected Darmstadt, Mannheim and Frankfurt. Getting a job in the railways, however, was not so simple, many people competed for the jobs available. Only men with impeccable reputation, able to satisfy a thorough examination that they were in perfect health, would be allowed to make the substantial deposit for the coveted dress uniform of railway workers. Somebody who had ruined his health, for example, in the construction of the railway, had no chance.

Development of the Main-Neckar Railway

In the following years, the line was constantly developed, modernised and adapted to increasing traffic and the changing needs of passengers.

  • In 1852, the first pointer telegraph (Zeigertelegraf) was introduced.
  • In 1853, fourth class (standing room only) was abolished.
  • In 1855, the Baden State Railway was converted to standard gauge and through coaches were introduced from Frankfurt to Kehl, with connection to Basel.
  • In 1860, glass windows were installed in third class carriages.
  • In 1861, duplication of the line commenced with the line fully duplicated in 1862.
  • In 1866, the Prussian government took over Frankfurt’s share in the railway, following the annexation of the Free City of Frankfurt by Prussia as a result of the Austro-Prussian War.
  • In 1868, electric alarm bells were installed.[13]
  • In 1875, steam heating was introduced in carriages.[14]
  • In 1877, the first sleeping cars ran from Frankfurt to Basel.
  • In 1878, the first Morse telegraph was established.
Friedrichsfeld junction in 1900
  • On 1 June 1880, a direct link from Mannheim-Friedrichsfeld to Schwetzingen on the Rhine Railway opened.
  • In 1882, a four-track steel truss Main-Neckar bridge in Frankfurt was completed about 1000 m west of the first Main-Neckar Bridge. The new bridge was needed so that the Main-Neckar railway could connect with the new Frankfurt Hauptbahnhof. A new line was built from Louisa station on an S-curve on an embankment to the new bridge. In the same year, the connection through the Gotthard opened, making the Main-Neckar line part of an important north-south axis.
  • In 1888, after the completion of the new Frankfurt Hauptbahnhof, the line no longer used the old Main-Neckar bridge, which was converted into a road bridge. Mainspitze station was abandoned.
  • In 1888, trains began to run on the right-hand line.
  • In 1889, Westinghouse air brakes were introduced.
  • In 1896, the shares in the company owned by Prussia and Hesse-Darmstadt were transferred to the newly established Prussian-Hessian Railway Company.
  • In 1902, the joint management of the railway administration was resolved in a treaty signed by Prussia, Hesse-Darmstadt and Baden. The section of the line in Baden became part of the Baden State Railways; the line in Hesse was transferred to the Railway headquarters of the Kingdom of Prussia and the Grand Duchy of Hesse in Mainz (Königlich Preußischen und Großherzoglich Hessischen Eisenbahndirektion Mainz). Thus the history of the Main-Neckar Railway as an independent company came to an end.

Subsequent history

  • In 1912, the Darmstadt Hauptbahnhof replaced the old and congested stations of the Main-Neckar Railway and the Hessian Ludwig Railway opened. Its architect was Friedrich Pützer.
  • In 1927, the Main-Neckar bridge in Frankfurt was replaced by a new, stronger steel truss bridge. This was done during operations with only minor restrictions on the rail and ship transport.
  • In 1945, in the last days of World War II the Main-Neckar bridge was blown up by the German Army.
  • From 23 November 1946, steam trains began to run on the repaired bridge.
  • In 1956, the first section of the railway from Heidelberg to Mannheim-Friedrichsfeld was electrified and went into operation on 3 June. On 1 October 1957, electric operations commenced on the section from Mannheim-Friedrich via Weinheim to Darmstadt. On 19 November 1957, this was followed by operations on the section to Frankfurt.
  • In 1997, the southern sections of lines S3 and S4 of the Rhine-Main S-Bahn was completed on the Main-Neckar line. It has since been rebuilt as four tracks between Frankfurt and Langen and between Egelsbach and Erzhausen, expanded to three tracks between Langen and Egelsbach and between Erzhausen and Darmstadt. The stations along this route have been renovated substantially, and platforms have been removed from the mainline tracks except at Langen and Neu-Isenburg. The station buildings, with the exception of Arheilgen and Egelsbach station all still exist and still show traces of the "old" Main-Neckar Railway style.

Current Situation

InterCity train from Frankfurt
Regionalbahn train in Bensheim station going to Heidelberg

Long-distance traffic

Today, the Main-Neckar line shares the load of north-south traffic with the Riedbahn, which runs further to the west in the Rhine valley, from Frankfurt, bypassing Darmstadt, via Groß-Gerau to Mannheim and Worms. On the section between Darmstadt and Mannheim/Heidelberg, the Main-Neckar Railway has reached the limit of its capacity: 250 trains run on the line in each direction every day. Between Frankfurt and Darmstadt, where the line has three or four tracks, the line is used by the Rhine-Main S-Bahn. This will be relieved by the proposed Frankfurt–Mannheim high-speed railway between Frankfurt Airport and Mannheim, which will take a portion of the high-speed and long-distance trains. Construction is expected to start in 2011 and be completed in 2017.

The Main-Neckar railway bridge line is an important route for north-south traffic, especially freight traffic between the North Sea ports and southern Germany and Switzerland. The bridge is used by 600 trains each day, including trains operating over the Frankfurt–Bebra and Frankfurt-Hanau lines.

Regional services

Regional-Express trains stop only in Frankfurt, Langen, Darmstadt, Bickenbach, Bensheim, Heppenheim, Hemsbach, Weinheim and Ladenburg. Regionalbahn trains stop between Frankfurt and Darmstadt only in Langen, then stop at all stations. Lützelsachsen and Großsachsen-Heddesheim stations are served every two hours only. Stations between Frankfurt and Darmstadt via Frankfurt South are served by S-Bahn lines S3 and S4. Between 5 AM and midnight trains run every hour and during peak hours every 30 minutes.

Sources

Notes

  1. ^ Paetz, p. 56, 60.
  2. ^ Paetz, p. 60.
  3. ^ Hager, p. 12
  4. ^ Paetz, p. 56
  5. ^ Hager, p. 13
  6. ^ Paetz, p. 57.
  7. ^ Paetz, p. 58.
  8. ^ Hager, p. 14
  9. ^ Hager, p. 13
  10. ^ Paetz, p. 56.
  11. ^ Paetz, p. 56.
  12. ^ Paetz, p. 57f.
  13. ^ Paetz, p. 58.
  14. ^ Paetz, p. 58.

References

  • Eisenbahnatlas Deutschland (German railway atlas). Schweers + Wall. 2007. ISBN 978-3-89494-136-9. 
  • Hager, Bernhard (2004). "Aus der Geschichte der Main-Neckar-Bahn (History of the Main-Neckar Railway" (in German). 36. pp. 5–32. 
  • Landesamt für Denkmalpflege Hessen (State Conservation Hesse), ed (2005) (in German). Eisenbahn in Hessen. Kulturdenkmäler in Hessen. Denkmaltopographie Bundesrepublik Deutschland (Railways in Hesse. Cultural sites in Hesse. Monumental topography of the Federal Republic of Germany). 2.1. Stuttgart: Theiss Verlag. pp. 50ff. ISBN 3-8062-1917-6. Line 002 
  • Paetz, Fritz (1985) (in German). Datensammlung zur Geschichte der Eisenbahnen an Main, Rhein und Neckar (Data collection for the history of railways in Main, Rhine and Neckar). Bensheim-Auerbach. 
  • Schreyer, Ferdinand (Reprinted 1996) (in German). Geschichte der Main-Neckar-Bahn 1846-1896, Denkschrift zum 50. Jahrestag 1896. (History of the Main-Neckar Railway 1846-1896, memorandum on the 50th anniversary, 1896). 

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