Mandibular fracture

Mandibular fracture
Classification and external resources
Photo of the mandible demonstrating the frequency of mandibular fractures by location.
ICD-10	S02.6
MeSH	D008337

Mandibular fracture also known as fractures of the jaw are breaks though the mandibular bone. They usually occur due to trauma and are often associated with other facial trauma. The types of mandibular fractures include fractures at the symphyseal area, horizontal ramus, mandibular angle and condylar neck.

A xray demonstrating a fractured mandible.

Signs and symtoms

Some of the clinical features include pain,swelling,bruising, sublingual heamatoma,trismus, mental aneasthesia, occlusal disharmony, 'step' palpable, condylar palpable in fossa, bleeding, and other infra oral features. Airway obstruction can occur due to haematoma formation or oedema, and bilateral fractures result in a higher risk.

Treatment

Initial management involves pain relief and assessment for possible airway problems. The jaw should not be bandaged as this may increase risk of obstruction - especially when bilateral fractures are present. Subsequent medical treatment plan includes fixation(either via external wires or internal plates and screws), reduction and immobilization of bony pieces. it also requires prevention of infection.

The ideal osteosynthesis system of mandibular fractures must meet hardness and durability criteria to handle functional chargings and allow bone healing.^[1]

References

1. ^ Alexandru Bucur, Tiberiu Niță, Daniel Vlăsceanu (Oct 2011). "Static analysis of mandible-osteosynthesis miniplate assembly using the finite element analysis". Revista de Chirurgie Oro-Maxilo-Facială și Implantologie 2 (2): 7–11. http://www.revistaomf.ro/(1)Colectia-pe-ani/(15)Anul-2011/(26)Numarul-2-2011/(30)Analiza-statica-a-ansamblului-mandibula-placuta-de-osteosinteza-folosind-metoda-elementelor-finite. (in Romanian, webpage has a translation button)

Hip, leg and foot

Hip/femur	Femoral fracture (Hip fracture) · Pelvic fracture (Duverney fracture)
Leg	tibia: Bumper · Segond · Gosselin · Toddler's fibula: Maisonneuve · Le Fort fracture of ankle · Bosworth both: Trimalleolar · Bimalleolar · Pott's Patella fracture
Foot	Lisfranc · Jones · March · Calcaneal

M: BON/CAR anat(c/f/k/f, u, t/p, l)/phys/devp/cell noco/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr proc, drug(M5)

M: TTH anat/devp/phys noco/cong/jaws/tumr, epon, injr dent, proc (endo, orth, pros)