- Yawelmani language
Yawelmani (also Yowlumni) is an extinct variety of the
Valley Yokuts language (of the Yokutsan family) formerly spoken in southernCalifornia by theYawelmani people.ounds
Consonants
Vowels
Yawelmani has 8
vowel phoneme s:vowel harmony Yamelmani has
suffix es that contain either an underspecified high vowel IPA|/I/ or an underspecified non-high vowel IPA|/A/.* Underspecified IPA|/I/ will appear as IPA|/u/ following the high rounded vowel IPA|/u/ and as IPA|/i/ following all other vowels IPA|/i, a, ɔ/:
:
* Underspecified IPA|/A/ will appear as IPA|/ɔ/ following the non-high rounded vowel IPA|/ɔ/ and as IPA|/a/ following all other vowels IPA|/i, u, a/:
:
vowel
epenthesis Yawelmani adds vowels to stems, when suffixes with an initial consonant are affixed to word with two final consonants in order to avoid a triple-consonant-cluster.
Grammar
*
ablaut
*suffix : "deeyi" 'to lead': "deeyen" 'he will lead': "deyhin" 'he led': "diyhatinhin" 'he wanted to lead': "diyee’iy" 'place where one got the lead' (subjective): "diyaa’an" 'he is leading': "deydiyen" 'he will lead repeatedly': "diyidyiisaahin ’anam" 'they led each other repeatedly': "diyeediyic’" 'one who is leading repeatedly' (subjective): "deyday" 'act of leading repeatedly' (subjective)
*
reduplication : "’ɔɔṭ’hun" 'he stole' - "’ɔɔṭ’uṭ’hun" 'he stole often': "’ɔɔṭ’al" 'he might steal' - "’ɔɔṭ’uṭ’al" 'he might steal often'
Bibliography
* Archangeli, Diana B. (1985).
Extrametricality in Yawelmani. "Linguistic review", "4" (2), 101-120.
* Archangeli, Diana B. (1986). Yokuts harmony: Evidence for coplanar representation in nonlinear phonology. "Linguistic inquiry", "16", 335-372.
* Archangeli, Diana B. (1988). "Underspecification in Yawelmani phonology and morphology". Outstanding dissertations in linguistics. New York: Garland Pub. ISBN 0-8240-5175-0. (Revision of 1984 doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology).
* Archangeli, Diana B. (1991). Syllabification and prosodic templates in Yawelmani. "Natural Language and Linguistic Theory " 9, 231-283.
* Gamble, Geoffrey. (1975). Consonant symbolism in Yokuts. "International Journal of American Linguistics", "41", 306-309.
* Harris, Zellig. (1944). Yokuts structure and Newman's grammar. "International Journal of American Linguistics", "10", 196-211.
* Hockett, Charles. (1967). The Yawelmani basic verb. "Language", "26", 278-282.
* Hockett, Charles. (1973). Yokuts as a testing ground for linguistic methods. "International Journal of American Linguistics", "39", 63-79.
* Hymes, Dell H. (1964). "Language in culture and society: A reader in linguistics and anthropology". New York: Harper & Row.
* Kuroda, S.-Y. (1967). "Yawelmani phonology". Special technical report (No. 15); M.I.T. research monograph series (No. 43). Cambridge, MA: M.I.T. Press, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Research Laboratory of Electronics.
* Kroeber, Alfred L. (1906). The Yokuts and Yuki languages. In B. Laufer & H. A. Andrews (Eds.), "Boas anniversary volume" (pp. 64-79). New York: G.E. Stechert & Co. (Reprinted as separate book 1906).
* Kroeber, Alfred L. (1906). "The Yokuts and Yuki languages". New York: Stechert. (Originally in Laufer & Andrews 1906).
* Kroeber, Alfred L. (1907). The Yokuts language of south central California. University of California publications in American archaeology and ethnology (Vol. 2, pp. 165-377).
* Laufer, Berthold,; & Andrews, H. A. (Eds.). (1906). "Boas anniversary volume: Anthropological papers written in honor of Franz Boas". New York: G.E. Stechert & Co.
* Newman, Stanley S. (1932). The Yawelmani dialect of Yokuts. "International Journal of American Linguistics", "7", 85-89.
* Newman, Stanley S. (1940). Linguistic aspects of Yokuts style. "Anthropological Record", "5" (1), 4-15. (Reprinted in Hymes 1964).
* Newman, Stanley S. (1944). "Yokuts language of California". Viking Fund publications in anthropology (No. 2). New York: Viking Fund. (Reprinted 1963 & 1968, New York: Johnson Reprint Corp.).
* Newman, Stanley S. (1946). The Yawelmani dialect of Yokuts. In C. Osgood & H. Hoijer (Eds.), "Linguistic structures of native America" (pp. 222-248). New York: The Viking Fund.
* Newman, Stanley S. (1964). Linguistic aspects of Yokuts style. In D. H. Hymes, "Language in culture and society". New York: Harper & Row. (Originally published as Newman 1940).
* Newman, Stanley S. (1966). Word classes in Yokuts. "Lingua", "17", 182-199.
* Osgood, Cornelius; & Hoijer, Harry (Eds.). (1946). "Linguistic structures of native America". Viking fund publications in anthropology (No. 6). New York: The Viking Fund. (Reprinted 1963, 1965, 1967, & 1971, New York: Johnson Reprint Corp.).
* Pullum, Geoffrey. (1973). Yokuts bibliography: An addendum. "International Journal of American Linguistics", "39", 269-271.
* Steriade, Donca. (1986). Yokuts and the vowel plane. "Linguistic inquiry", "17", 129-146.
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