- Financial risk
Financial risk is normally any
risk associated with any form of financing.Investment related
Depending on the nature of the investment, the type of 'investment' risk will vary. High risk investments have greater potential rewards, but you may lose your money instead by taking the risk for more money.
A common concern with any investment is that you may lose the money you invest - your capital. This risk is therefore often referred to as capital risk.
If the assets you invest in are being held in another currency there is a risk that currency movements alone may affect the value. This is referred to as currency risk.
Many forms of investment may not be readily salable on the open market (e.g. commercial property) or the market has a small capacity and may therefore take time to sell. Assets that are easily sold are termed "liquid" therefore this type of risk is termed
liquidity risk .Debt related
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Credit risk
*Interest rate risk Insurance related
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Insurance industry Business related
The risk that a company or project will not have adequate
cash flow to meet financial obligations; thus causing the business to file for banckruptcy.Financial risk is the additional risk a shareholder bears when a company uses debt in addition to
equity financing . Companies that issue more debt instruments would have higher financial risk than companies financed mostly or entirely by equity.Bilateral
barter can depend upon a mutualcoincidence of wants . Before any transaction can be undertaken, each party must be able to supply something the other party demands. To overcome this mutual coincidence problem, some communities had developed asystem of intermediaries who can warehouse and trade goods. However, intermediaries often suffered from financial risk.Whilst higher risk normally implies higher overall rewards, this is not always the case. For example a high risk mortgage client may be required to pay a higher interest rate on their mortgage repayments in order to be accepted as a bank's customer. However, this higher mortgage rate will in itself increase the risk to the bank that the customer cannot meet their interest payments, further increasing the risk.
This circular risk problem can lead to markets not existing for high risk borrowers. The 2007/8 sub-prime crisis may have some links to this argument. Higher interest rates for high risk borrowers make the borrowers even less likely to be able to pay back the loan, further increasing the default risk.
See also
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Optimism bias
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