VMU-4

Marine Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Squadron 4
Active	01 Jul 2010 - present As VMO-4: 20 Dec 1943 - 20 Oct 1945 01 Sep 1962 - 31 Mar 1994
Country	United States
Branch	USMC
Type	Aerial reconnaissance
Role	Reconnaissance, Surveillance, and Target Acquisition
Size	TBD
Part of	MACG-48, 4th MAW
Garrison/HQ	Marine Corps Air Station Yuma
Nickname	Evil Eyes
Tail Codes	7Y(1st) 5Y(2nd) MU(3rd)
Aircraft flown
Multirole helicopter	SH-34G/J Sea Bat
Reconnaissance	OY-1 Grasshopper OV-10 Bronco RQ-7B Shadow

Marine Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Squadron 4 (VMU-4) is an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) squadron in the United States Marine Corps that operates the RQ-7B Shadow. It is the fourth UAV squadron in the Marine Corps and the first in the reserve component. The squadron, nicknamed the “Evil Eyes”, entered the force structure on July 1, 2010, when Marine Observation Squadron 4 (VMO-4) was reactivated and redesignated VMU-4.

The squadron inherited the history of VMO-4 which was an observation squadron that saw extensive action during World War II. They were last based at Naval Air Station Atlanta near Atlanta, Georgia and were deactivated on May 23, 1993 as part of the post-Cold War drawdown of forces. VMU-4 is a subordinate unit of Marine Air Control Group 48 and the 4th Marine Aircraft Wing.

Mission

Provide aerial fire support spotting and intelligence in support of the Marine Air-Ground Task Force.

History

World War II

The squadron was originally activated as Artillery Spotting Division (Marine Observation Squadron 951) (ASD(VMO-951)) on December 20, 1943 at Marine Corps Air Station Quantico, Virginia.^[1] This happened because the Marine Corps' field artillery school was located at Marine Corps Base Quantico.^[2] Less than a month later they were redesignated as Marine Observation Squadron 4 (VMO-4) as they trained to fly the OY-1 Grasshopper. The squadron would later move to San Diego, California and the deploy overseas to Marine Corps Air Station Ewa in Hawaii for further training where they would be assigned to support the V Amphibious Corps. In April 1944 they were sent to Maui for duty with the 4th Marine Division and on May 29, 1944 they left Pearl Harbor for their first combat mission.^[1]

The first two planes from VMO-4 landed on Charan-Kanoa airstrip during the Battle of Saipan on June 17, 1944 and began operating immediately.^[1] Six days later all squadron gear and personnel were ashore and the squadron shifted operations to Aslito Field. During the battle they their mission was to conduct tactical reconnaissance for ground troops and direct artillery and naval gunfire strikes.^[3] VMO-2 was the only other similar squadron to fly during the invasion of Saipan.^[4] Two months later two planes from the squadron would assist their fellow Marines during the week long Battle of Tinian. During these two battles, the squadron flew 400 sorties and suffered 2 pilots killed. One after he crash landing after getting hit by enemy fire and another over Tinian. The Ground echelon of the squadron suffered 3 dead and 9 wounded during an enemy air raid.^[5] On August 10, 1944 the squadron set sail for Pearl Harbor to rest and refit.^[1]

Old VMO-4 squadron insignia

VMO-4 personnel and gear remained in Hawaii until January 1945 when they set sail for Guam. While in Guam they received new aircraft and which were then flown to Saipan to be loaded upon escort carriers for movement to their next mission, the Battle of Iwo Jima. The squadron waited offshore to support Marines on the ground at Iwo until two planes from the USS Wake Island (CVE-65) were able to land at the airstrip on February 26, 1945. These were the first two aircraft to land on the newly captured airstrip and they did so while still under heavy small-arms and mortar fire. In time the mere presence of these small planes overhead would influence Japanese gunners to cease fire and button up against the inevitable counter-battery fire to follow. Often the pilots would undertake pre-dawn or dusk missions simply to extend this protective "umbrella" over the troops, risky flying given Iwo's unlit fields and constant enemy sniping from the adjacent hills.^[6] During the battle the squadron would fly 204 sorties in 19 days totaling 366.4 hours of flying. This would leave Six of the seven planes used so badly damaged that they were scrapped afterwards.^[7] After the battle they returned to Maui in April 1945 where they would remain until the end of the war.

Following the surrender of Japan, the squadron returned to San Diego, California where they were deactivated on October 21, 1945.

Cold war years

VMO-4 was reactivated on September 1, 1962 at Naval Air Station Grosse Ile, Michigan, from the personnel of HMR-761 and HMR-773, which had recently deactivated.^[8] VMO-4 flew SH-34G/Js until 1968, when the squadron received its first OV-10As.

Two OV-10 Broncos from VMO-4 next to a TA-4J Skyhawk in 1990.

They would later relocate to Naval Air Station Atlanta during July 1976, until their decommission. The squadron was activated during the Gulf War time-period and become part of Marine Aircraft Group 29 at Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point, North Carolina however they did not deploy overseas. The squadron was deactivated on March 31, 1994 as part of the general drawdown of US forces following the Cold War.

Reactivation as VMU-4

The squadron was reactivated on July 1, 2010 and redesignated Marine Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Squadron 4 (VMU-4). VMU-4 is a subordinate unit of Marine Air Control Group 48, 4th Marine Aircraft Wing.

VMU-4's first flight with the RQ-7B Shadow was 29 Sep 2010 in Yuma, AZ.

Unit awards

Streamer	Award	Year(s)	Additional Info
	Presidential Unit Citation Streamer	14 June-1 August 1944; 19-28 Feb 1945	Saipan; Iwo Jima (pilots and observers only)
	Joint Meritorious Unit Award Streamer
	Navy Unit Commendation Streamer	19–28 February 1945	Iwo Jima(ground echelon only)
	Meritorious Unit Commendation Streamer with one Bronze Star
	Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Streamer with two Bronze Stars		Saipan, Iwo Jima
	World War II Victory Streamer	1941–1945	Pacific War
	National Defense Service Streamer	1990–1995	Gulf War

See also

United States Marine Corps portal

• United States Marine Corps Aviation
• Organization of the United States Marine Corps
• List of active United States Marine Corps aircraft squadrons
• History of unmanned aerial vehicles

Notes

1. ^ ^{a b c d} Sherrod (1952), p.453.
2. ^ Shettle (2001), p.131.
3. ^ Rottman (2002), p.406.
4. ^ Chapin, John (1994). "Breaching the Marianas: The Battle for Saipan". Marines in World War II Commemorative Series. Marine Corps Historical Center. http://www.nps.gov/archive/wapa/indepth/extContent/usmc/pcn-190-003123-00/sec4.htm. Retrieved 2009-04-16. 
5. ^ Sherrod (1952), p.252.
6. ^ Alexander, Joseph H. (1994). "Closing in: Marines in the Seizure of Iwo Jima". Marines in World War II Commemorative Series. Marine Corps Historical Center. http://www.nps.gov/archive/wapa/indepth/extContent/usmc/pcn-190-003131-00/pcn-190-003131-00/sec5a.htm. Retrieved 2009-04-16. 
7. ^ Sherrod (1952), p.349.
8. ^ VMO-4 CO letter to Historical Division, HQMC, 26 May 1963

References

Bibliography

• Rottman, Gordon L. (2002). U.S. Marine Corps World War II Order of Battle - Ground and Air Units in the Pacific War, 1939 - 1945.’’. Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-31906-5. 
• Sherrod, Robert (1952). History of Marine Corps Aviation in World War II. Washington, D.C.: Combat Forces Press. OCLC 1261876. 
• Shettle Jr., M. L. (2001). United States Marine Corps Air Stations of World War II. Bowersville, Georgia: Schaertel Publishing Co.. ISBN 0-964-33882-3. 

Web

• U.S. Marine Corps Broncos – VMO-2
• Cpl Hazard, Austin (7/8/2010). "New Marine Unmanned Aircraft Unit Stationed at Yuma Air Station". United States Marine Corps. http://www.marines.mil/unit/mcasyuma/Pages/20100708VMU4.aspx. 
• Cpl Hazard, Austin (9/30/2010). "VMU-4 Casts Shadow Over Yuma". United States Marine Corps. http://www.marines.mil/unit/mcasyuma/Pages/20100930shadow.aspx. 
• LCpl Diamant, Aaron (4/21/2011). "VMU-4 Serves as Eye in Yuma Sky for WTI". United States Marine Corps. http://www.marines.mil/unit/mcasyuma/Pages/20110421sky.aspx. 
• "National Guard and Reserve Equipment Report for FY12". Department of Defense. Feb 2011. http://ra.defense.gov/documents/publications/NGRERFY2012.pdf. 
• Gilbert, James (9/29/2010). "First MCAS flight of unmanned aerial vehicle". Yuma Sun. http://www.yumasun.com/articles/unmanned-64258-aircraft-marine.html.