Mark Stephens (solicitor)

Mark Stephens (solicitor)
Mark Stephens CBE
A portrait of Mark Stephens
Mark Stephens in March 2010
Born 7 April 1957 (1957-04-07) (age 54)
Old Windsor, Berkshire
Nationality British
Occupation Solicitor
Known for Law, mediation, broadcasting, writing, education and the arts

Mark Howard Stephens CBE (born 7 April 1957) is a British solicitor specialising in media law, intellectual property rights and human rights with the firm Finers Stephens Innocent (FSI). Earlier in his life he wished to become an actor, but then decided to study law at North East London Polytechnic, graduating in 1978 and then studied further in Brussels, being admitted as a solicitor in 1982. He started his career as a lawyer providing advice to artists and soon established his own practice with a partner. He rose to prominence following a case in 1987, where he defended an artist who had reproduced British bank notes, in contravention of British law, but successfully defended him, in part by using the media in the artist's favour. He gained a reputation as "the patron solicitor of previously lost causes" following this case and others where he defended artists' freedom of expression, as well as representing the leaders of the miner's strike of 1984–85 and James Hewitt when allegations of his affair with Diana, Princess of Wales first emerged.

During the 1990s he worked on cases involving the occupation of the Brent Spar oil platform, the censorship of the blasphemous film, Visions of Ecstasy and provided advice to the "McLibel two", activists who were being sued by McDonalds. In 1999, his law firm merged with Finers to form Finers Stephens Innocent, with Stephens becoming the head of the international and media department, a position he continues to hold today. During the noughties he was involved in several cases defending the publishers of online material (both old and new media firms) against charges of libel bought against them. The Times in 2008, described him as both a "passionate supporter of human rights" and "one of the best advocates for freedom of expression". In 2010, he began to represent Julian Assange, the founder of the whistleblower website, WikiLeaks, defending him against extradition to Sweden.

As well as pursuing legal cases, Stephens has sat on many charitable, regulatory, government and academic committees including those related to contemporary art, education, media law, libel law and human rights. In 2009, he was appointed the Chairman of the Governors at the University of East London, his university alma mater, which awarded him an honorary doctorate in law in 2001. He has also assisted politicians draft legislation, in the UK in the 1990s regarding the regulation of the press and in Romania in 2005 regarding freedom of information laws. Stephens frequently appears in the UK media, in the 1990s he was a legal correspondent for Sky TV and he has featured regularly in both print and on television during his career, commenting on cases he has been involved in and others. He has also contributed to two legal books and is on the editorial board of three legal journals.

Contents

Personal life and education

Stephens was born in Old Windsor, Berkshire, on 7 April 1957 to "very, very poor" parents.[1][2] He attended St Paul's Secondary Modern School, followed by the Cambridge Manor Academy for Dramatic Arts, since he wanted to become an actor.[1][3] Later on, he was educated at Strode's Grammar School before going on to study law at North East London Polytechnic (now called the University of East London).[1] He now says that he was partly "tricked" into studying law by his father, who is an artist.[2] He graduated in 1978 and then went on to study European Community Law at the Vrije Universiteit in Brussels and was then admitted as a Solicitor of the Supreme Court in England and Wales in July 1982.[4][5] He married Donna Coote in 1982 and they have three daughters.[1] In the 1990s, he taught scuba diving and spent his spare time collecting art and sculptures.[6] In his 2010 Who's Who entry, he lists his hobbies as beekeeping, badinage (engaging in friendly banter), dandyism and samizdat. The same entry states that he supports Chelsea Football Club and is a member of the official Aston Martin owners club.[1]

Legal career

1982–1992

Stephens is licensed to practice before the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council and has made several legal interventions in the European Court of Human Rights.[6][7] Stephens began his career as a volunteer lawyer at ArtLaw, the first legal advice centre for artists, having been interested from an early age as his father was an artist.[2][3] In 1982 he became the legal director of ArtLaw, a position he held until 1984.[1][3] In 1983, along with Roslyn Innocent he established Stephens Innocent as a law firm to specialise in visual arts and intellectual property.[1][8] In 1987, Stephens met Geoffrey Robertson, who along with John Hendy he admires as "creative lawyers", and the pair went on to successfully represent Bob Monkhouse who had been "charged with defrauding film distributors in relation to a film and television archive".[6][9] In the same year, he defended the American artist J. S. G. Boggs who had been arraigned before The Old Bailey on charges under the Forgery and Counterfeiting Act 1981 in relation to his painted and drawn artworks which mimicked and adapted bank note designs.[8] According to an article in the Law Gazette in 1992, the case was influential in launching his career. He realised that the case against the artists was strong, so decided to make the Bank of England "look as stupid as possible" using the media as a tool, and in the end successfully defended Boggs. Following this case he represented several other artists in cases over freedom of expression, including an art gallery that was displaying earrings made from human foetuses that had been made by Rick Gibson.[6][10] He also advised Robert Mapplethorpe on displaying his images in the UK.[11] In February 1991, Stephens was appointed the lawyer for the National Union of Mineworkers, defending it against claims that had handled funds inappropriately during the miner's strike of 1984–85.[12] Also in 1991, Stephens took a major free expression case, on behalf of journalists and the general public to challenge Margaret Thatcher's decision to ban broadcasting of certain Irish political parties. The case was heard in the House of Lords.[13]

Stephens has used his knowledge of the media in favour of his clients.[14] When allegations of an affair between James Hewitt and Diana, Princess of Wales were published by The Sun in 1992, Stephens put out a wire through the Press Association stating that he had issued proceedings against the newspaper for defamation and libel. As he explained to the Law Gazette in 2005, he had issued but not actually served the writ, but the statement had the effect that other newspapers did not follow up on the story in detail.[15][16] Instead, the direction of the story changed, and the next day the papers wrote about whether or not Princess Diana would be likely to appear at a libel trial.[14] At one point he had to go into hiding in the south of France along with Hewitt to avoid the media who were chasing them.[6] Princess Diana later admitted the affair on television, which he admitted was "a bit embarrassing".[15] It was after these cases that the Law Gazette described him as "the patron solicitor of previously lost causes", a label which has stuck with him throughout his career.[6] In his 2009 book on international libel and privacy, Charles Glasser wrote that "it is this reputation for creativity with law that leads international publishers and broadcasters to his door".[7] At the time the label was given to him, Stephens disagreed, stating they were not lost causes: "I usually win".[6] Other cases he took on in 1992 involved representing the families of victims of the Lockerbie bombing, and British soldiers killed in a friendly fire incident during the first Gulf War.[6][17]

1993–1999

In 1993, he helped the MP, Clive Soley to draft a parliamentary bill on press regulation, he commented that people thrust into the public light needed protection from the press, but that "astronomical" fines would be needed to be able to achieve this.[18] According to The Guardian his public profile was further raised by defending Greenpeace in 1995, in a case of litigation brought by Shell over what Shell alleged to be an illegal occupation of the Brent Spar oil platform.[19] In 1996, he represented Nigel Wingrove, the producer of Visions of Ecstasy, a film that was banned in the UK due to it being said by the BBFC to be blasphemous. The case, Wingrove v. UK,[20] was heard at the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) and was a test case for whether banning the film was in contravention of Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights, the right to expression. The court upheld the decision of the UK a decision which Stephens called "very worrying".[21]

Throughout the nineties, Stephens together with barrister, Keir Starmer QC, undertook a series of legal challenges on behalf of Quaker, mid-wife & peace activist, Lindis Percy. Percy, committed to non-violence, researched ancient rights of way across US spy bases and nuclear facilities, then enforced her ancient right to roam.

Stephens provided pro bono assistance throughout the McDonald's Restaurants v. Morris & Steel case, to two activists, Helen Steel and David Morris, the so called "McLibel Two". The defendants had handed out leaflets entitled "What’s wrong with McDonald’s?" in 1985 and were subsequently tried for libel. The case began in 1990 and became the longest running court case in UK history. After the defendants were fined £60,000 he took their case to the ECHR in 2004, where they successfully appealed against the fine.[22][23] As Stephens explained to The Guardian in 2004, a key part of their defence was that the original trial was not fair as the pair did not have legal aid and so "they were unable to get witnesses and scientific expertise" to help defend them.[24] Discussing the case with The Lawyer he said he believed that, “British justice failed dismally here” in that the way the pair were left defending themselves for so long.[22][25] A multi-award nominated fly on the wall documentary, McLibel was made by Franny Armstrong and Ken Loach about the case with footage shot in Strasbourg at the European Court of Human Rights.

In 1999, he began to act as a mediator with ADR Chambers, helping parties to settle disputes without resorting to court, he continues to mediate disputes today.[26] In the same year, The Lawyer reported there was speculation about whether Stephens would leave Stephens Innocent to join another law firm.[27] In December 1999, it was announced that rather than leave the firm, Stephens Innocent would merge with Finers, a firm specialising in property and commercial law, to form Finers Stephens Innocent. Stephens became the head of the international and media department.[28] In 2009, Stephens described the firm to The Times as being a “niche within a niche”.[29]

2000 onwards

In 2000, in the Independent Schools Tribunal, sitting at the Royal Courts of Justice, he successfully defended A.S. Neill's Summerhill School, a private free school. The proceedings brought by OFSTED on behalf of then Education Minister David Blunkett who was seeking the closure of the school.[30] The case was later dramatised by Tiger Aspect Productions in a TV series entitled, "Summerhill" and broadcast on BBC Four and CBBC.[31] In August Stephens was retained by heavyweight boxing champion Mike Tyson for a hearing before the British Boxing Board of Control. The disciplinary hearing related to 2 counts relating to Tyson's behaviour after his 38-second victory over Lou Savarese in Glasgow in June that year, Tyson escaped a ban from fighting in Britain.[32] Stephens successfully deployed a defence of freedom of expression for Tyson, the first use before the BBBofC but Tyson was convicted on the other count and fined.

Then in 2002, he defended the Dow Jones in Dow Jones & Co. Inc. v Gutnick a case where Joseph Gutnick, an Australian mining magnate, sued the Dow Jones after an article critical of him was published on the website of the Barron's newspaper. Gutnick successfully applied to the Australian High Court, requesting for the case to heard in Australia, rather than the United States, where the First Amendment protects free speech. Stephens described the ruling as a "very worrying decision" as it potentially opened the door for libel cases related to internet publishing to be heard in any country and in multiple countries for the same article.[33] In January and December 2002 Stephens was retained by the Washington Post to represent its veteran war correspondent, Jonathan Randal, in the Hague at the United Nations Court, the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia establishing the principle of qualified privilege for the protection of journalists in war crimes courts.[34] Of all his cases, Stephens is most proud of his defence of Randal, as he feels if is important that journalists are protected.[35]

In 2005, he was asked to draft new legislation regarding freedom of information by Romania that was compliant with NATO and EU law.[7]

In 2006, along with Geoffrey Robertson, he successfully defended the Wall Street Journal (WSJ) in Jameel v Wall Street Journal Europe. The case centred on an article published in the WSJ in 2002, which alleged that the United States were monitoring the bank accounts of a Saudi Arabian businessman to ensure he was not funding terrorists. Jameel, who was represented by Carter Ruck, was originally awarded £40,000 in damages but this was overturned in favour of the WSJ. The case was viewed by The Lawyer as a landmark case which redefined the earlier case of Reynolds v Times Newspapers Ltd, upholding the right to publish if it is deemed to be in the public interest.[36] In late 2006, Stephens represented Russia, Oleg Mitvol and RosPrirodNadzor (Russian Federal Service for the Oversight of Natural Resources)[37] in an environmental case to prevent the despoiling of the Russian far east by Royal Dutch Shell. The case was ultimately settled with Shell giving up many of its rights and paying compensation.

In early 2007, instructed by aboriginal lawyer Michael Mansell, Stephens launched proceedings for the Tasmanian Aborigines to recover 15 sets of their stolen ancestral remains, then residing in the bowels of the Natural History Museum in London. He accused the museum of wishing to retain them for, "genetic prospecting".[38] Later in 2007, he defended the parenting website Mumsnet pro bono against a libel claim by Gina Ford, a baby expert.[39] Several users of the site had criticised Ford's techniques; there were other postings she said were "vile and disgusting".[40] Stephens said it was troubling that the website could be held liable for the postings of its users and that people should be able to "give their own views and reasonable readers can make up their own minds." The case was settled out of court, after Mumsnet apologised to Ford and paid some of her legal costs.[41] Stephens has since cited the case as an example of how the law is unable to cope with the digital age, having been created by people "who are not part of the messenger generation" and that it therefore needs revising.[39] Also in 2007, Stephens was instructed to represent cricket umpire Darrell Hair in relation to ICC proceedings arising from the ball tampering incident involving Pakistan in August 2006 at the oval in the summer of 2006[42]

In 2008, he won an apology from a former police driver who had written "appalling lies" about the novelist and essayist Sir Salman Rushdie in a book he wrote. One allegation was that Rushdie had profited from the fatwa issued against him after publishing The Satanic Verses.[43]

In June 2009, Stephens was invited to give oral evidence to amplify his written submission to the Department for Culture, Media and Sport Parliamentary sub-committee on Libel reform under the Chairmanship of Mr John Whittingdale MP.[44]

January 2010 brought the first – known colloquially as the alphabet soup case[45] – in the (then) new UK Supreme Court, Stephens represented several media organisations to argue that the names of several people who were accused of funding terrorist organisations should have their anonymity stripped. The judges agreed with the media and ruled that the names should be released, noting that anonymity orders had become “deeply ingrained” in court cases in the UK. After the ruling Stephens commented, "No court henceforth should grant an anonymity order in a significant case unless it is satisfied that the litigant, if identified, would be in serious danger of physical attack."[46] In April, Stephens was reported to be representing the author Christopher Hitchens and the evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins, who were considering launching legal proceedings against Pope Benedict XVI during his visit to the UK later that year, over sexual abuse in the Catholic Church.[47] Towards the end of 2010, Stephens was invited by the Jamaican Government to review that country's libel laws and appear before a Parliamentary Select Committee.[48] Shortly after his return Stephens began to defend the founder of WikiLeaks, Julian Assange, against extradition to Sweden, where allegations had been made against Assange.[49] Soon after the WikiLeaks cables disclosure began, Stephens told The Guardian that he thought he was being monitored by the security services and that his home was being watched.[50] In January 2011, Stephens claimed that United States authorities were trying to develop a criminal case against Assange, citing, for example, a subpoena against Twitter issued by the United States Department of Justice to demand private information on Assange and other people associated with WikiLeaks.[51] Assange ended his relationship with Stephens after he accused Finers Stephens Innocent of withholding a £412,000 advance for his autobiography to cover legal fees. Assange accused them of "extreme overcharging" which Finers Stephens Innocent denied.[52]

Recently, Stephens has been invited to make a number of interventions in the European Court of Human Rights in free speech cases.[53] Sanoma v Netherlands,[54] MGN v United Kingdom,[55] Mosley v United Kingdom[56] and Haldimann v Switzerland.

In July 2011, it was reported that Stephens had been one of a group of high-profile lawyers who may have been the victim of the News International phone hacking scandal.[57]

Reception

His public clashes have resulted in some counterstrokes. A week after a radio debate with a former editor of The News of the World the paper published an "'axe murderer' type photo" of him, related to a case he was working on. He laconically commented that, "If you don’t like it, you should go and do some residential conveyancing or something".[15] On his CV he also notes how he was once "rendered into a Spitting Image puppet".[58] In 2003 Stephens as Chair of the Internet Watch Foundation publicly tangled with rock guitarist Pete Townshend.[59] In 2001, a website operated by an anti-feminist, angryharry.com created a section dedicated to vilifying Stephens. He told the Law Gazette that the site did not bother him and that he had added a link to his CV.[15][60] Commenting to The Times in 2009 on the perceived glamour of being a media solicitor, he said that this is incorrect: "It's not glamorous, not a good work-life balance and you need to be available 24/7," but he added that "the work can be very stimulating".[29] He was described in The Times 2008 Law100 list as "Mr 'Media Lawyer' himself", as a "passionate supporter of human rights" and "one of the best advocates for freedom of expression".[3]

Appointments

Stephens exercising his right as a Freeman of the City of London, by driving a sheep over London Bridge in 2009

Stephens has held many charitable, regulatory, government and academic appointments. He is also a Freeman of the City of London. In 1986 he was appointed the treasurer of the North East London Law Society and in 1989 was elected to the committee.[61][62] He was on ICSTIS' (a premium telephone line regulator) emergency committee, but resigned in 1996, after it emerged he had not disclosed a possible conflict of interest.[63] Later that year, Stephens was appointed the first Chair of the Policy board of the Internet Watch Foundation and became the Vice Chairman on the merger of the Policy and Management Boards of the Internet Watch Foundation.[7][64] He is currently a trustee of Index on Censorship,[65] Chair of the International Advisory Board of the Media Legal Defence Initiative,[66] the postgraduate course in comparative media law and social policy at Oxford University,[7] the Solicitors Pro bono Group (now, LawWorks),[67] and the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute[68] and Media Law Committee.[69]

On the 1st April 2006 Stephens was appointed to be a trustee of the International Law Book Facility, a charitable organisation whose objects are to donate lawbooks in order to improve access to legal information/access to justice where there is a need.[70][71]

In August 2009 he was appointed Chairman of the Governors at the University of East London[72] and in October 2010 as Chair of the Contemporary Art Society.[73] He is a Freeman of the City of London.[3]

He was appointed by the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs to be a member of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office's Free Expression Advisory Board;[4] in January 2010, he was appointed to a working group on libel laws, set up by the then Justice Secretary, Jack Straw, which published a report in March 2010.[74][75] Stephens is currently serving on the Executive Committee of the Commonwealth Lawyers Association and was elected Vice President of its Council at the Hyderabad Conference.[76] In January 2011 Stephens was asked to Judge the documentary Current Affairs - International category 2009/2010 for the Royal Television Society.

In October 2011, Mark Stephens was appointed as the new Chair of the Design and Artists Copyright Society (DACS), replacing Andrew Potter who steps down at the end of this year. Mark was instrumental in the establishment of DACS in 1984 – law firm Stephens Innocent was a home to DACS in the first years after its establishment.[77]

Media attention and appearances

Stephens is frequently mentioned in the UK media. In 2005 he was the tenth-most mentioned lawyer, and between July 2009 and June 2010 he was the sixth-most mentioned.[78][79][80] Earlier in his career, during the 1990s, he was a legal correspondent for Sky TV.[6] He has also written commentary articles for several newspapers[14][81] and appeared on the BBC Radio 4 quiz show Point of Law, as a team captain, between 1998 and 2001.[82] In 2007 Stephens was asked by the artist Phil Collins to collaborate with him in his Return Of The Real project arising from his Turner Prize nominated exhibit.[83][84]

Appearing on the BBC Radio 4 programme The Music Group he recounted growing up with Pink Floyd's music publisher as the family lodger, which led to his later work as part of the band's touring retinue.[85]

Stephens was outspoken in his criticism of the development of superinjunctions and their growing use in 2011.[86]

Stephens was interviewed by children from Summerhill School and from primary schools in Tower Hamlets as part of a series of events at the local town hall exploring human rights and justice. The school children acted as lawyers arguing for or against Summerhill, role playing the legal case.[87]

Publishing

Stephens has contributed to two books, Miscarriages of Justice: a review of justice in error (1999) and International Libel and Privacy Handbook (2005).[1] He is also on the editorial boards of Communications Lawyer, Copyright World and European Intellectual Property Review.[7]

Recognition

In 2001, Stephens was awarded an honorary doctorate in law by the University of East London.[1] In 2008 and 2010 he was listed among the Evening Standard's 1000 most influential people in London.[58][88] He has also been featured in the Times Top 100 Lawyers list since its inception in 2008.[89][90] He was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2011 Birthday Honours for services to the legal professions and the arts.[35][91]

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