Potomac Yard

Potomac Yard was one of the busiest railroad yards on the Eastern Seaboard of the United States. Today, it refers to the neighborhood encompassing the same, which straddles southeastern Arlington County and northern Alexandria, Virginia, bounded by U.S. Route 1, the George Washington Memorial Parkway, Four Mile Run, and Braddock Road. It may also refer to one of several developments on the site, especially the Potomac Yard Retail Center strip mall.

History

English settlers built several plantations on the site in the 1700s. The land, much owned by the Swann and Daingerfield families, became part of Alexandria County, D.C. with the creation of the District of Columbia in 1791, and retroceded to Virginia in 1846.

Its role as a transportation hub began when Congress chartered the Alexandria Canal Company in 1830. The Canal, which opened on December 2, 1843, would connect the port of Alexandria with the end of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal (completed 1850) in Georgetown via the Potomac Aqueduct Bridge. It would operate until abandoned in 1886.

Railroad development began in the 1850s, though stymied by political concerns and by the American Civil War. Order to the region's mishmash of active and abandoned rail lines and stations did not come until the City Beautiful movement of the late 19th century. The 1901 Plan for Washington, D.C. (report of the McMillan Commission) proposed consolidating the region's rail operations, including a new Washington Union Station (approved 1903, completed 1908) and a New Long Railroad Bridge (completed 1904).

In accordance with the plan, the Pennsylvania Railroad, Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, Southern Railway, Chesapeake and Ohio Railway, Atlantic Coast Line Railroad, and Seaboard Air Line Railway formed the Richmond-Washington Company to manage traffic. It would control the new Alexandria Union Station, which opened in 1905, and the new switching yard—Potomac Yard—which opened in October 15, 1906.

The booming "Pot Yard" attracted thousands of workers, who largely settled in the areas of Del Ray and St. Elmo. These subdivisions incorporated as the town of Potomac in 1908, but were annexed by the City of Alexandria in 1930.

Potomac Yard in its heyday was one of the busiest railyards in the Eastern United States, processing thousands of cars daily. The Pennsylvania Railroad extended its railway electrification program to Potomac Yard in 1935, marking its southermost point—the Penn Central segment of the famous Tropicana Juice Train operated from here. The site reached capacity in 1937.

As rail traffic declined in the mid-20th century, Potomac Yard also declined. The PRR's old catenary was dismantled in the 1980s. The facility was declared a toxic waste site in 1987. The Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad (RF&P) finally decommissioned it in 1989. Plans for rehabilitation and redevelopment of the land have been a source of intense debate since then.

Redevelopment

At decommissioning, decades of industrial use had left the site contaminated with heavy metals and hydrocarbons, including diesel. It was immediately declared a Superfund site. In 1995 the Environmental Protection Agency approved RF&P's study and cleanup plan, and cleanup was declared completed by 1998.

Various commercial and community interest groups came into conflict over the future of the brownfield land. The City of Alexandria rejected the original mixed use plan in 1992. Jack Kent Cooke, owner of the Washington Redskins, unsuccessfully pushed for the construction of a new football stadium on the site. Seventy of the 400 acres (1.6 km²) of the site were approved for retail use in 1995; the Potomac Yard Center, a convert|589856|sqft|m2|sing=on strip mall anchored by big box stores, was completed in 1997. Other sections of Potomac Yard have since been slated for development as residential units, office space, parkland, and retail use. The Potomac Yard Complex by Crescent Resources is already under construction, with One and Two Potomac Center completed in Nov 2005, which houses the home of the Environmental Protection Agency. The southernmost portion of the Alexandria section is under construction as of Aug 2006. It includes two plans, one for Arlington and one for Alexandria. The Alexandria portion of the site is highlighted by a new Town Center. The plan also includes convert|1900000|sqft|m2 of office space; a 625-room hotel; convert|135000|sqft|m2 of neighborhood retail space; and approximately 1,900 residential units.The plan for the Arlington site includes convert|2800000|sqft|m2 of office space; a 625-room hotel; convert|100000|sqft|m2 of neighborhood retail space; and approximately 1000 residential units. The plan also calls for a 25 acre park, which will be owned by Arlington County.

As of Summer 2008, The Eclipse condominium and Camden Apartment buildings have been completed. The Eclipse building includes retail space that houses FedEx Kinko's, Quiznos, Bank of America, Harris Teeter, and other retailers. Currently, National Gateway I and II have broke ground for construction. These two buildings have confirmed retail of an LA Fitness and Wachovia bank. Future plans include a Mariott Hotel, a Charles E. Smith(formerly Archstone-Smith) apartment complex, and more office space, of which none have began development.

Recent efforts to develop a Virginia Railway Express commuter rail or Washington Metro subway station at Potomac Yard have failed due to the high costs of the project and studies showing low demand for the station. As a result, such a project is near the bottom of the priority list of the City of Alexandria and the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority.

References

* Alexandria Archaeology Museum: [http://oha.ci.alexandria.va.us/archaeology/ar-resource-areas.html Archaeology Resource Areas: Potomac]
* Hammer, Ben. " [http://www.bizjournals.com/washington/stories/2004/05/24/story2.html Potomac Yard sale could alter mix] ," "Washington Business Journal", May 21, 2004.
* U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Mid-Atlantic Superfund: [http://www.epa.gov/reg3hwmd/super/sites/VAD020312013/ Potomac Yard]
* Washington, DC Chapter of the National Railway Historical Society [http://www.dcnrhs.org/dc_rail_history_long_bridge.htm History of the Long Railroad Bridge Crossing Across the Potomac River]

External links

*City of Alexandria: [http://www.ci.alexandria.va.us/planningandzoning/pdf/sap_potomac_yard_potomac_green.pdf Potomac Yard/Potomac Greens Small Area Plan] (PDF), Adopted 1992 Master Plan.
* McCaffery Interests: [http://www.mccafferyinterests.com/content/current/pyr.htm Potomac Yard Retail Center]
* Comstock Communities: [http://www.eclipsecondo.com The Eclipse at Potomac Yard]
* Potomac Yard Development LLC: [http://www.potomacyardalexandria.com]