Glossary of mammalian dental topography

Many different terms have been proposed for features of the tooth crown in mammals.

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Upper teeth

Name	Nomenclature term is used in	Definition	Comments	Image
Anterolingual conule	Reig (1977)[1]	A conule on the lingual side of an anterocone divided by an anteromedian flexus or fossette
Anteromedian flexus	Reig (1977)[1]	A longitudinal flexus dividing the anterocone into anterolabial and anterolingual conules
Anterolabial conule	Reig (1977)[1]	A conule on the labial side of an anterocone divided by an anteromedian flexus or fossette
Anterocone	Reig (1977)[1]	A cusp at the front of the tooth that may be divided into anterolabial and anterolingual conules
Protostyle	Reig (1977)[1]	A style in front of the protocone, in the protoflexus
Protoflexus	Reig (1977)[1]	A flexus between the protocone and the anterolingual conule
Anterior mure	Reig (1977)[1]	A crest connecting the anterocone to the protocone
Protocone	Reig (1977)[1]	One of the main cusps, at the anterolingual side
Enterostyle	Reig (1977)[1]	A style between the protocone and the hypocone, in the hypoflexus
Enteroloph	Reig (1977)[1]	A crest connecting the enterostyle to the mesocone
Hypoflexus	Reig (1977)[1]	A flexus between the protocone and the hypocone
Mesocone	Reig (1977)[1]	A conule in the median mure where the mesoloph is attached to it
Median mure	Reig (1977)[1]	A crest connecting the protocone/paracone to the hypocone/metacone
Hypocone	Reig (1977)[1]	One of the main cusps, at the posterolingual side
Procingulum	Reig (1977)[1]	The front part of the tooth, before the anterior mure
Anteroflexus	Reig (1977)[1]	A flexus between the anteroloph and the anterolabial conule
Anteroloph	Reig (1977)[1]	A crest between the paracone and the anterolabial conule that may be connecting to a parastyle
Parastyle	Reig (1977)[1]	A style in front of the paracone
Paraflexus	Reig (1977)[1]	A flexus in front of the paracone
Protolophule	Reig (1977)[1]	A small crest in the paraflexus, connected to the protocone
Paraloph	Reig (1977)[1]	A crest attaching the paracone to the protocone or the median mure
Paracone	Reig (1977)[1]	One of the main cusps, at the anterolabial side
Paralophule	Reig (1977)[1]	A small crest attached to the back side of the paracone
Mesoflexus	Reig (1977)[1]	A flexus between the mesoloph and the paracone
Mesostyle	Reig (1977)[1]	A style at the labial margin between the paracone and metacone
Mesoloph	Reig (1977)[1]	A crest in front of the metaflexus, connected to the median mure
Metaflexus	Reig (1977)[1]	A flexus in front of the metacone
Metalophule	Reig (1977)[1]	A small crest attached to the front side of the metacone
Metacone	Reig (1977)[1]	One of the main cusps, at the posterolabial side
Metaloph	Reig (1977)[1]	A crest attaching the paracone to the hypocone
Posteroflexus	Reig (1977)[1]	A flexus between the posteroloph and the metacone
Posterostyle	Reig (1977)[1]	A crest on the posterolabial corner of the molar
Posteroloph	Reig (1977)[1]	A crest at the back of the molar, connected to the hypocone

Lower teeth

Name	Nomenclature term is used in	Definition	Comments	Image
Anterolingual conulid	Reig (1977)[1]	A conulid on the lingual side of an anteroconid divided by an anteromedian flexid or fossettid
Anteromedian flexid	Reig (1977)[1]	A longitudinal flexid dividing the anteroconid into anterolabial and anterolingual conules
Anterolabial conulid	Reig (1977)[1]	A conulid on the labial side of an anteroconid divided by an anteromedian flexid or fossettid
Anteroconid	Reig (1977)[1]	A cusp at the front of the tooth that may be divided into anterolabial and anterolingual conulids
Anterolabial cingulum	Reig (1977)[1]	A crest before the protoconid and protoflexid
Protostylid	Reig (1977)[1]	A stylid in front of the protoconid, in the protoflexid
Protoflexid	Reig (1977)[1]	A flexid between the protoconid and the anterolabial conulid
Anterior murid	Reig (1977)[1]	A crest connecting the anteroconid to the protoconid
Protoconid	Reig (1977)[1]	One of the main cusps, at the anterolabial side
Ectostylid	Reig (1977)[1]	A stylid between the protoconid and the hypoconid, in the hypoflexid
Ectolophid	Reig (1977)[1]	A crest connecting the ectostylid to the mesoconid
Hypoflexid	Reig (1977)[1]	A flexid between the protoconid and the hypoconid
Mesoconid	Reig (1977)[1]	A conulid in the median murid where the mesolophid is attached to it
Median murid	Reig (1977)[1]	A crest connecting the protoconid/metaconid to the hypoconid/entoconid
Hypoconid	Reig (1977)[1]	One of the main cusps, at the posterolabial side
Procingulum	Reig (1977)[1]	The front part of the tooth, before the anterior murid
Anteroflexid	Reig (1977)[1]	A flexid between the anterolophid and the anterolingual conulid
Anterolophid	Reig (1977)[1]	A crest between the metaconid and the anterolabial conulid that may be connecting to a metastylid
Metastylid	Reig (1977)[1]	A stylid in front of the metaconid
Metaflexid	Reig (1977)[1]	A flexid in front of the metaconid
Protolophulid	Reig (1977)[1]	A small crest in the mesoflexid, connected to the protoconid
Metalophid	Reig (1977)[1]	A crest attaching the metaconid to the protoconid or the anterior murid
Metaconid	Reig (1977)[1]	One of the main cusps, at the anterolingual side
Metalophulid	Reig (1977)[1]	A small crest attached to the back side of the metaconid
Mesoflexid	Reig (1977)[1]	A flexid between the mesolophid and the paraconid
Mesostylid	Reig (1977)[1]	A stylid at the labial margin between the metaconid and entoconid
Mesolophid	Reig (1977)[1]	A crest in front of the entoflexid, connected to the median murid
Entoflexid	Reig (1977)[1]	A flexid in front of the entoconid
Entolophulid	Reig (1977)[1]	A small crest attached to the front side of the entoconid
Entoconid	Reig (1977)[1]	One of the main cusps, at the posterolingual side
Entolophid	Reig (1977)[1]	A crest attaching the entoconid to the hypoconid or median murid
Posteroflexid	Reig (1977)[1]	A flexid between the posterolophid and the metaconid
Hypolophulid	Reig (1977)[1]	A small crest in the posteroflexid attached to the posterolophid
Posterostylid	Reig (1977)[1]	A crest on the posterolingual corner of the molar
Posterolophid	Reig (1977)[1]	A crest at the back of the molar, connected to the hypoconid

References

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Literature cited

• Reig, O.A. 1977. A proposed unified nomenclature for the enamelled components of the molar teeth of the Cricetidae (Rodentia) (subscription only). Journal of Zoology, London 181:227–241.