Metroid (video game)

Metroid
North American box art
Developer(s)	Nintendo R&D1[1] Intelligent Systems[2]
Publisher(s)	Nintendo
Director(s)	Satoru Okada
Producer(s)	Gunpei Yokoi
Artist(s)	Hiroji Kiyotake Hirofumi Matsuoka Yoshio Sakamoto[3]
Writer(s)	Makoto Kano
Composer(s)	Hirokazu Tanaka
Series	Metroid
Platform(s)	Family Computer Disk System, Nintendo Entertainment System, Game Boy Advance, Virtual Console
Release date(s)	August 6, 1986 FDS / NES JP August 6, 1986 NA August 1987[4] EU January 15, 1988 Game Boy Advance JP August 10, 2004 NA October 25, 2004 EU January 7, 2005 Virtual Console EU July 20, 2007 NA August 13, 2007 JP March 4, 2008
Genre(s)	Action-adventure
Mode(s)	Single-player
Rating(s)	ACB: G CERO: All ages ESRB: E PEGI: 3+

Metroid (メトロイド, Metoroido^?) is an action-adventure video game, and the first entry in the Metroid series. It was co-developed by Nintendo's Research and Development 1 division and Intelligent Systems, and was released in Japan in August 1986, in North America in August 1987, and in Europe in January 1988. The game was re-released for the Game Boy Advance in October 2004, and for the Wii Virtual Console in Europe in July 2007, in North America in August 2007, and in Japan in March 2008. Metroid was produced by Gunpei Yokoi and directed by Satoru Okada, with music composed by Hirokazu Tanaka.

Set on the planet Zebes, the story follows Samus Aran as she attempts to retrieve Metroid creatures that were stolen by Space Pirates, who plan to replicate the Metroids by exposing them to beta rays and then use them as biological weapons to destroy Samus and all who oppose them. The game's style, focusing on exploration and the search for power-ups that are used to reach previously inaccessible areas, influenced other video games. Its varied endings for fast completion times made it a popular game for speedrunning. Metroid was lauded for being one of the first video games to feature a female protagonist. Nintendo Power ranked Metroid 11th on their list of the best video games made on a Nintendo video game console. On Top 100 Games lists, Metroid was ranked 7th by Game Informer and 69th by Electronic Gaming Monthly.

Gameplay

In this screenshot of Metroid, Samus is seen jumping up. The health meter is in the upper left corner, marked by "EN".

Metroid is an action-adventure game in which the player controls Samus Aran in sprite-rendered two-dimensional landscapes. The game takes place on the planet Zebes, a large, open-ended world with areas connected by doors and elevators. The player controls Samus Aran as she travels through the planet's caverns and hunts Space Pirates. She begins with a weak gun as her only weapon, and with only the ability to jump. The player explores more areas and collects power-ups that grant Samus special abilities and enhance her armor and weaponry, granting access to areas that were previously inaccessible. Among the power-ups that are included in the game are the Morph Ball, which allows Samus to curl into a ball to roll into tunnels and use the Bomb weapon, and the Screw Attack, a somersaulting move that destroys enemies in its path. In addition to common enemies, Samus encounters bosses whom she needs to defeat to progress. Defeating an ordinary enemy typically yields additional energy or ammunition, while defeating a boss expands Samus's capacity to carry ammunition and opens the door to the final area.^[5][6]

Plot

Metroid series fictional chronology
Metroid (Zero Mission) Metroid Prime Hunters Echoes Corruption Return of Samus Super Metroid Other M Fusion

Chronologically, Metroid takes place first in the fictional Metroid universe. Space Pirates attack a Galactic Federation-owned space research vessel and seize samples of Metroid creatures. Dangerous floating organisms, Metroids can latch on to any organism and drain its life energy to kill it. The Space Pirates plan to replicate Metroids by exposing them to beta rays and then using them as biological weapons to destroy all living beings that oppose them. While searching for the stolen Metroids, the Galactic Federation locates the Space Pirates' base of operations on the planet Zebes. The Federation assaults the planet, but the Pirates resist, forcing the Federation to retreat. As a last resort, the Federation decides to send a lone bounty hunter to penetrate the Pirates' base and destroy Mother Brain, the mechanical life-form that controls the Space Pirates' fortress and its defenses. Considered the greatest of all bounty hunters, Samus Aran is chosen for the mission. Samus lands on the surface of Zebes and explores the planet, traveling through the planet's caverns. She eventually comes across Kraid, an ally of the Space Pirates, and Ridley, the Space Pirates' commander, and defeats them both. Eventually, Samus finds and destroys Mother Brain, triggering a self-destruct mechanism and forcing Samus to escape the collapsing lair.^[7]

Development

Yoshio Sakamoto, one of the character designers for Metroid, speaking at the 2010 Game Developers Conference

After Nintendo's release of commercially successful platforming games in the 1980s, including Donkey Kong (1981), Ice Climber (1985), and Super Mario Bros. (1985), as well as the critically acclaimed adventure game The Legend of Zelda (1986), the company began work on an action game.^[8] The game was dubbed Metroid, which is a portmanteau of the words "metro" and "android".^[9][10] It was co-developed by Nintendo's Research and Development 1 division and Intelligent Systems, and produced by Gunpei Yokoi.^[1][2][10] Metroid was directed by Satoru Okada, and featured music written by Hirokazu Tanaka.^[10][11] Makoto Kano was tasked to create the scenario, and Hiroji Kiyotake, Hirofumi Matsuoka and Yoshio Sakamoto designed the game's characters.^[10] The character design for Samus Aran was created by Kiyotake.^[12] Officially defined as a scrolling shooter video game, Nintendo released Metroid for the Family Computer Disk System on August 6, 1986, and on the Nintendo Entertainment System in August 1987.^[4][8]

The production was described as a "very free working environment" by Tanaka, who stated that, despite being the composer, he also gave input for the game's graphics and helped name the game's areas. Regarding the music, Tanaka said he wanted to make a score that made players feel like they were encountering a "living organism" and had no distinction between music and sound effects. The only time the main Metroid theme is heard is when Mother Brain is defeated, to give the victorious player a catharsis. During the rest of the game, no melodies are present because Tanaka wanted the soundtrack to be the opposite of the upbeat tunes found in other games at that time.^[13] Part way through development, one of the developers asked the others, "Hey, wouldn't that be kind of cool if it turned out that this person inside the suit was a woman?", an idea which was incorporated into the game.^[14] Ridley Scott's 1979 horror film Alien was described by Sakamoto as a "huge influence" on Metroid after the game's world had been created. The development staff was affected by the work of the film's creature designer H. R. Giger, and found his creations to be fitting for the Metroid universe.^[15]

Nintendo attempted to set Metroid apart from other games by making it a nonlinear adventure-based game, in which exploration was a crucial part of the experience. The game often requires that players retrace their steps to progress, forcing the player to scroll the screen left in addition to moving it right, as was the case in most contemporary games. This element, called backtracking, was a new concept at the time. Metroid was also considered one of the first to impress a feeling of desperation and solitude on the player. Following The Legend of Zelda, Metroid helped pioneer the idea of acquiring tools to strengthen characters and help progress through the game. Up until that point, most ability-enhancing power-ups like the Power Shot in Gauntlet (1985) and the Starman in Super Mario Bros. offered only temporary boosts to characters, and they were not required to complete the game. In Metroid, however, items were permanent fixtures that lasted until the end. In particular, missiles were mandatory to finish the game.^[8]

After defeating Mother Brain, the player is given an end screen based on the time it took them to get there. Metroid is one of the first games to contain multiple endings, with five in total. In the third, fourth, and fifth endings, Samus Aran appears without her suit, and for the first time, reveals herself to be a woman. In Japan, the Disk Card media used by the Disk System allowed players to save up to three different games in Metroid, similar to the three save slots in The Legend of Zelda in North America. Use of an internal battery to manage files was not fully realized in time for Metroid's international release. The North American version of Metroid uses a password system that was new to the industry at the time, in which players write down a 24-letter code and re-enter it into the game when they wish to continue a previous session. Codes also allow for changes in gameplay; the "JUSTIN BAILEY" code lets the player play as Samus without her Power Suit, and "NARPAS SWORD" grants Samus infinite ammunition, health, all power-ups, and a modified Ice Beam.^[8] However, the game on the Nintendo 3DS becomes inoperable if the player enters a code that the game does not recognize.^[16]

Reception

Metroid has shipped 2.73 million units worldwide.^[17] In Nintendo Power's list of the Top 200 Games, Metroid was ranked the 11th-best game made on a Nintendo video game console.^[18] Two years later, the magazine also named Metroid the fifth-best game for the Nintendo Entertainment System in its Best of the Best feature, describing it as a combination of Super Mario Bros.'s platforming and The Legend of Zelda's exploration and character upgrades.^[19] On Top 100 Games lists, the game was ranked 69th by Electronic Gaming Monthly,^[20] and 6th by Game Informer^[21] then 7th in 2009 by Game Informer.^[22] Game Informer also put Metroid 7th on their list of "The Top 200 Games of All Time", saying that it "started the concept of open exploration in games".^[23] Metroid's multiple endings enticed players to race through the game as fast as possible, a method of play commonly known as speedrunning.^[8] The game was re-released or made available several times after its original launch. Linking the Game Boy Advance game Metroid Fusion (2002) with the Nintendo GameCube's Metroid Prime (2002) using a special cable unlocks the full version of Metroid.^[24] An emulated version of Metroid was available as a bonus upon completion of Metroid: Zero Mission (2004).^[25] A Game Boy Advance port of Metroid, part of the Classic NES Series collection, was released in Japan on August 10, 2004, in North America on October 25, 2004, and in Europe on January 7, 2005.^[26] The game arrived on the Wii Virtual Console in Europe on July 20, 2007, in North America on August 13, 2007, and in Japan on March 4, 2008.^[27] Metroid is slated for release on the Nintendo 3DS. This release was featured amongst other games from the Nintendo Entertainment System and Super NES to be released for the 3DS on a tech demo called Classic Games at E3 2010. Nintendo of America president Reggie Fils-Aime said "not to think of them as remakes". Miyamoto said that these classics might be using "new features in the games that would take advantage of the 3DS' capabilities".^[28]

In a retrospective focusing on the entire Metroid series, GameTrailers remarked on the original game's legacy and its effect on the video game industry. They noted that starting with Metroid, search and discovery is what continues to make the franchise popular. The website felt that the combination of detailed sprites, original map designs, and an intimidating musical score "generated an unparalleled ambience and atmosphere that trapped the viewer in an almost claustrophobic state". They also noted that the Morph Ball, first introduced in Metroid, "slammed an undeniable stamp of coolness on the whole experience and the franchise", and they enjoyed the end segment after defeating Mother Brain, claiming that the race to escape the planet Zebes was a "twist few saw coming". The game brought "explosive action" to the Nintendo Entertainment System and a newfound respect for female protagonists.^[8] Noting that Metroid was not the first game to offer an open world, nor was it the first side-view platformer exploration game, and neither was it the first game to allow players to reach new areas using newly acquired items, Gamasutra praised Metroid for being perhaps the first video game to "take these different elements and rigorously mold them into a game-ruling structure".^[29]

Reviewing the Classic NES Series version of the game, GameSpot noted that 18 years after its initial release, Metroid "just doesn't measure up to today's action adventure standards", giving the game a rating of 5.2 out of 10, for "mediocre".^[30] For the Wii Virtual Console version, IGN commented that the game's presentation, graphics, and sound were basic. However, they were still pleased with Metroid's "impressive" gameplay, rating the game 8.0 out of 10, for "great," and giving it an Editor's Choice award. The review stated that the game was "still impressive in scope" and that the price was "a deal for this adventure" while criticising the amount of times it has been re-released and noting that it takes "patience" to get past the high initial difficulty curve.^[31] In GameSpot's review of the Virtual Console version, they criticized its "frustrating room layouts" and "constantly flickering graphics". In particular, the website was disappointed that Nintendo did not make any changes to the game, specifically criticizing the lack of a save feature.^[32]

Metroid's gameplay style, focusing on exploration and searching for power-ups to reach previously inaccessible areas, influenced other series, most notably the post-Symphony of the Night titles of the Castlevania series.^[33] The revelation of Samus being a woman was also lauded as innovative, with GameTrailers remarking that this "blew the norm of women in pieces, at a time when female video game characters were forced into the role of dutiful queen or kidnapped princess, missile-blasting the way for other characters like Chun-Li [from the Street Fighter series] and Lara Croft [from the Tomb Raider series]".^[8]

References

1. ^ ^{a b} "「メトロイド」に託す思い 坂本賀勇インタビュー". ニンテンドウオンラインマガジン（No.56）. Nintendo Co., Ltd.. March 2003. http://www.nintendo.co.jp/nom/0303/4/index.html. Retrieved 22 August 2010. 
2. ^ ^{a b} Christian Nutt (23 April 2010). "The Elegance Of Metroid: Yoshio Sakamoto Speaks". Gamasutra. United Business Media LLC. http://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/4333/the_elegance_of_metroid_yoshio_.php. Retrieved 5 August 2010. 
3. ^ "Yoshio Sakamoto bio". GDC 2010 Online Press Kit. Nintendo of America, Inc. (via WebCite). March 2010. http://www.webcitation.org/5rmqi4tPr. Retrieved 6 August 2010. 
4. ^ ^{a b} "Iwata Asks: Metroid: Other M – Vol. 1: The Collaboration / Just One Wii Remote". Nintendo of America Inc. 2010-07-29. http://us.wii.com/iwata_asks/metroid-other-m/vol1_page2.jsp. Retrieved 2011-07-03. 
5. ^ Metroid instruction manual. Nintendo. 1987-08-15. 
6. ^ "Metroid". GameSpot. http://www.gamespot.com/gamespot/features/video/hist_metroid/p2_01.html. Retrieved 2009-02-23. 
7. ^ Nintendo R&D1. Metroid. (Nintendo). (1987-08-15)
8. ^ ^{a b c d e f g} "The Metroid Retrospective – Part 1". GameTrailers. 2007-07-25. http://www.gametrailers.com/player/22771.html. Retrieved 2009-02-20. 
9. ^ "Episode 10". GameMaster CX. Fuji TV. 2003.
10. ^ ^{a b c d} Nintendo Co., Ltd. Metroid. (Nintendo of America Inc.). Scene: staff credits. (1987-08-15)
11. ^ "Nintendo Online Magazine No. 76 – Nintendo DS 開発者インタビュー" (in Japanese). Nintendo Co., Ltd. November 2004. http://www.nintendo.co.jp/nom/0411/interview/index.html. Retrieved 2011-06-21. 
12. ^ "やればやるほどディスクシステムインタビュー(前編)" (in Japanese). Nintendo Dream (Mainichi Communications Inc.) (118): 96–103. August 6, 2004. 
13. ^ Brandon, Alex (2002-09-25). "Shooting from the Hip: An Interview with Hip Tanaka". Gamasutra. http://www.gamasutra.com/features/20020925/brandon_01.htm. Retrieved 2008-02-19. 
14. ^ "Metroid: Zero Mission director roundtable". IGN. 2004-01-30. http://gameboy.ign.com/articles/488/488084p3.html. Retrieved 2008-02-20. 
15. ^ "The Making of Super Metroid". Retro Gamer (Imagine Publishing Ltd.) (65): 60. July 2009. 
16. ^ McWhertor, Michael (2011-08-31). "Under No Circumstances Should You Use This Dirty Password on Metroid for Nintendo 3DS". Kotaku. http://kotaku.com/5836433/under-no-circumstances-should-you-use-this-dirty-password-on-metroid-for-nintendo-3ds. Retrieved 2011-09-01. 
17. ^ 2004 CESA Games White Paper (Computer Entertainment Supplier's Association): 58–63. 2003-12-31. 
18. ^ "NP Top 200". Nintendo Power (200): 58–66. February 2006. 
19. ^ "NP Best of the Best". Nintendo Power (231): 70–78. August 2008. 
20. ^ "Top 100 Games of All Time". Electronic Gaming Monthly. Archived from the original on 2003-06-11. http://web.archive.org/web/20030611191341/http%3A//gamers.com/feature/egmtop100/index.jsp. Retrieved 2009-02-22. 
21. ^ "Top 100 Games of All-Time". Game Informer (100): 34. August 2001. 
22. ^ Cork, Jeff (2009-11-16). "Game Informer's Top 100 Games Of All Time (Circa Issue 100)". Game Informer. http://gameinformer.com/b/features/archive/2009/11/16/game-informer-s-top-100-games-of-all-time-circa-issue-100.aspx?PostPageIndex=10. Retrieved 2010-07-09. 
23. ^ The Game Informer staff (December 2009). "The Top 200 Games of All Time". Game Informer (200): 44–79. ISSN 1067-6392. OCLC 27315596. 
24. ^ Bedigian, Louis (2002-12-15). "Metroid Fusion Review". GameZone. http://gameboy.gamezone.com/gzreviews/r20483_GBA.htm. Retrieved 2009-02-22. 
25. ^ Metts, Jonathan (2004-02-12). "Metroid: Zero Mission". Nintendo World Report. http://www.nintendoworldreport.com/reviewArt.cfm?artid=4172. Retrieved 2009-02-22. 
26. ^ "Classic NES Series: Metroid Release Summary". GameSpot. http://www.gamespot.com/gba/action/famicomminimetroid/similar.html?mode=versions. Retrieved 2009-08-27. 
27. ^ "Metroid (Wii) Release Summary". GameSpot. http://www.gamespot.com/wii/action/metroid/similar.html?mode=versions. Retrieved 2009-02-28. 
28. ^ Totilo, Stephen (2010-06-18). "Mega Man 2, Yoshi's Island Among Teased 3DS Sorta-Remakes". Kotaku. http://kotaku.com/5566935/mega-man-2-yoshis-island-among-teased-3ds-sorta+remakes. Retrieved 2010-07-18. 
29. ^ "Game Design Essentials: 20 Open World Games". Gamasutra. http://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/1902/game_design_essentials_20_open_.php?page=3. Retrieved 2009-02-23. 
30. ^ Colayco, Bob (2004-11-03). "Classic NES Series: Metroid Review". GameSpot. http://www.gamespot.com/gba/action/famicomminimetroid/review.html. Retrieved 2009-02-23. 
31. ^ Thomas, Lucas M. (2007-08-13). "Metroid Review". IGN. http://wii.ign.com/articles/812/812613p1.html. Retrieved 2009-02-23. 
32. ^ Provo, Frank (2007-08-27). "Metroid Review". GameSpot. http://www.gamespot.com/wii/action/metroid/review.html. Retrieved 2009-02-23. 
33. ^ Oxford, Nadia (2006-08-07). "One Girl Against the Galaxy: 20 Years of Metroid and Samus Aran". 1UP.com. http://www.1up.com/do/feature?cId=3152658. Retrieved 2009-02-22. 

External links

• Metroid at the Metroid Database
• Metroid guide at StrategyWiki