Middle East Commando

Middle East Commando
Active	1942
Country	United Kingdom
Branch	British Army
Type	Commando
Role	Coastal raiding force Assault Infantry
Size	Battalion
Part of	Combined Operations
Engagements	Second World War
Insignia
Combined Operations Shoulder Patch

Middle East Commando was a battalion sized British Commando unit of the British Army during the Second World War. The Commando was formed in the Middle East from the survivors of the Layforce Commando unit partly to placate Winston Churchill who championed the commando idea. The Middle East Commando was disbanded in 1942.

Background

The commandos were formed in 1940, by the order of Winston Churchill the British Prime Minister. He called for specially trained troops that would "develop a reign of terror down the enemy coast".^[1] At first they were a small force of volunteers who carried out small raids against enemy occupied territory, ^[2] but by 1943 their role had changed into lightly equipped assault Infantry which specialised in spearheading amphibious landings.^[3]

The man initially selected as the overall commander of the force was Admiral Sir Roger Keyes himself a veteran of the landings at Gallipoli and the Zeebrugge raid in the First World War.^[4] Keyes resigned in October 1941 and was replaced by Admiral Louis Mountbatten.^[5]

By the autumn of 1940 more than 2,000 men had volunteered for Commando training, and what became known as the Special Service Brigade was formed into 12 units called Commandos.^[5] Each Commando would number around 450 men commanded by a Lieutenant Colonel. They were sub divided into troops of 75 men and further divided into 15 man sections.^[5] Commandos were all volunteers seconded from other British Army regiments and retained their own cap badges and remained on their regimental roll for pay.^[6] All volunteers went through the six week intensive commando course at Achnacarry. The course in the Scottish Highlands concentrated on fitness, speed marches, weapons training, map reading, climbing, small boat operations and demolitions both by day and by night.^[7]

By 1943 the Commandos had moved away from small raiding operations and had been formed in brigades of assault infantry to spearhead future Allied landing operations. Three units were left un-brigaded to carry out smaller scale raids.^[8]

In December 1940 a Middle East Commando depot was formed with the responsibility of training and supplying reinforcements for the Commando units in the Middle East.^[9]

Battle honours

The following Battle honours were awarded to the British Commandos during the Second World War.^[10]

Adriatic Alethangyaw Aller Anzio Argenta Gap Burma 1943–45 Crete Dieppe Dives Crossing Djebel Choucha Flushing Greece 1944–45 Italy 1943–45 Kangaw Landing at Porto San Venere Landing in Sicily Leese Litani Madagascar

Middle East 1941, 1942, 1944 Monte Ornito Myebon Normandy Landing North Africa 1941–43 North-West Europe 1942, 1944–1945 Norway 1941 Pursuit to Messina Rhine St. Nazaire Salerno Sedjenane 1 Sicily 1943 Steamroller Farm Syria 1941 Termoli Vaagso Valli di Comacchio Westkapelle

References

Notes

1. ^ Chappell, p.5
2. ^ Chappell, p.3
3. ^ Moreman, p.8
4. ^ Chappell, p.6
5. ^ ^{a b c} Haskew, p.48
6. ^ Moreman, p.12
7. ^ van der Bijl, p.12
8. ^ Moreman, pp.84–85
9. ^ Moreman, p.19
10. ^ Moreman, p.94

Bibliography

• van der Bijl, Nick (2006). No. 10 Inter-Allied Commando 1942–45. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 1841769991. 
• Chappell, Mike (1996). Army Commandos 1940–45. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 1855325799. 
• Haskew, Michael E (2007). Encyclopaedia of Elite Forces in the Second World War. Pen and Sword. ISBN 9781844155774. 
• Moreman, Timothy Robert (2006). British Commandos 1940–46. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 184176986X.