Ştefan Luchian

Infobox Artist
bgcolour = #EEDD82
name = Ştefan Luchian


imagesize = 200px
caption = "A Housepainter" (self-portrait), 1907
birthname =
birthdate = birth date|1868|2|1|mf=y
location = Ştefăneşti
deathdate = death date and age|1916|6|28|1868|2|1|mf=y
deathplace = Bucharest
nationality = Romanian
field = painting
training = William-Adolphe Bouguereau, Nicolae Grigorescu
movement = Impressionism, Post-impressionism, Symbolism
works =
patrons = Alexandru Bogdan-Piteşti, Take Ionescu
influenced by = Edgar Degas, Édouard Manet
influenced = Nicolae Tonitza
awards =

Ştefan Luchian (February 1, 1868–June 28, 1916) was a Romanian painter, famous for his landscapes and still life works.

Biography

Early life

He was born in Ştefăneşti, a village of Botoşani County, as the son of Major Dumitru Luchian and of Elena Chiriacescu. The Luchian family moved to Bucharest in 1873 and his mother wanted to follow his father's path and join the Military School, but instead chose to join in 1885 the painting class at the Fine Arts School, where he was encouraged to pursue a career in painting by Nicolae Grigorescu, whose work was to have a major impact on his entire creation. [Drăguţ "et al.", p.174]

Starting autumn 1889 Luchian studied for two semesters at the Munich Fine Arts Academy, where he created copies of the works by Correggio and Rembrandt housed in the Kunstareal. After his return to Romania, he took part in the first exhibition of the "Cercul Artistic" art group.

He showed himself unable to accept the academic guidelines imposed by the Bavarian and Romanian schools. [Drăguţ "et al.", p.173] The following year, he left for Paris, where he studied at the Académie Julian, and, although taught by the academic artist William-Adolphe Bouguereau, became acquainted with impressionist works of art. [Drăguţ "et al.", p.173-174, 179] Luchian's painting "Ultima cursă de toamnă" shows the influence of Édouard Manet and Edgar Degas, but also echoes of the Société des Artistes Indépendants, Modernism, and Post-impressionism (also obvious in works created after his return to Bucharest). [Drăguţ "et al.", p.168, 174, 179]

Chronic illness and death

In 1896, together with Nicolae Vermont, Constantin Artachino, and the art collector Alexandru Bogdan-Piteşti, he was one of the main founders of Bucharest's "Salonul Independenţilor", which was opened in front of the official "Salon" (the Romanian equivalent of the Paris Salon). [Drăguţ "et al.", p.167-168; Ionescu] Two years later, the group led to the creation of "Societatea Ileana" and its press organ, "Ileana", [Drăguţ "et al.", p.168; Ionescu] which Luchian was the first to illustrate. [Ionescu] After that moment, Luchian began integrating Symbolist elements in his work, taking inspiration from various related trends (Art Nouveau, Jugendstil and "Mir iskusstva"). [Drăguţ "et al.", p.168]

In 1900, Luchian contributed two pastels to Romania's Pavilion at the World Fair, and in the same year suffered the first symptoms of multiple sclerosis, the disease which, after some initial improvements, was to haunt him for the rest of his life. Nonetheless, he continued painting and, until 1915, had his works displayed in numerous exhibitions, albeit to a largely indifferent public. [Arghezi, "Din zilele lui Luchian", in "Scrieri", p.620-621] At his 1905 exhibition, the only buyer of a painting was his former teacher Grigorescu. Despite being appreciated by a select few (including the writer Ion Luca Caragiale), [Arghezi, "Din zilele lui Luchian", in "Scrieri", p.621] Luchian lived in poverty (the large fortune he had inherited was progressively drained). [Arghezi, "Din zilele lui Luchian", in "Scrieri", p.622-623]

Paralysed from 1909, he had to live the rest of his life in an armchair. [Arghezi, "Din zilele lui Luchian", in "Scrieri", p.617] This did not prevent him from working on an entire series of landscapes and flowers. He had begun flower paintings earlier, but from 1908 he concentrated all his creative energy into the subject. Toward the end of his life, Luchian was no longer able to hold the painter's brush with his fingers, and was instead helped to tie it to his wrist in order to continue work. [Arghezi, "Din zilele lui Luchian", in "Scrieri", p.618-621; Drăguţ "et al.", p.175]

At the time, he had begun enjoying considerable success — a phenomenon which the writer Tudor Arghezi attributed to the momentary rise of Take Ionescu as a politician (Ionescu had become the center of a fashion and subject of imitation, and he was among the first two buy more than one of Luchian's paintings). [Arghezi, "Din zilele lui Luchian", in "Scrieri", p.617-618] As his disease became notorious, a rumor spread that Luchian allowed someone else to paint in his name; the scandal caused brought Luchian's arrest under charges fraud (he was released soon after). [Arghezi, "Din zilele lui Luchian", in "Scrieri", p.617, 620-621] Arghezi took pride in being one of his few defenders. [Arghezi, "Din zilele lui Luchian", in "Scrieri", p.620-621]

One of the last events in Luchian's life was a visit paid to his house by composer and violinist George Enescu; although the two had not met before, Enescu played his instrument as a personal tribute to the dying artist. [Arghezi, "Din zilele lui Luchian", in "Scrieri", p.623]

He died in Bucharest and he was buried at the Bellu Cemetery.

Legacy

By the 1930s, Luchian's impact on Romanian art was becoming the subject of disputes in the cultural world, with several critics claiming that his work had been minor and the details of his life exaggerated. [Arghezi, "Din zilele lui Luchian", in "Scrieri", p.616-617] Arghezi was again involved in the polemic, and wrote passionate pieces which supported Luchian's art and attributed adverse reactions to jealousy and to Luchian's voiced distaste for mediocrity. [Arghezi, "Din zilele lui Luchian", in "Scrieri", p.617]

In 1948, Luchian was posthumously elected to the Romanian Academy. An art school in Botoşani bears his name.

His life was the subject of Nicolae Mărgineanu's 1981 film, " [http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0137219/fullcredits Luchian] ", where his character was played by Ion Caramitru (Maria Ploae was Luchian's sister; other actors starring in the film where George Constantin, Ştefan Velniciuc, Florin Călinescu as Arghezi, and Adrian Pintea as Nicolae Tonitza).

Gallery

"Click on an image to view it enlarged."

Notes

References

* [http://www.linkdesign.ro/luchian/ "Ştefan Luchian, Biography" at LinkDesign.ro (text originally published in the 1978 album "Luchian")]
*ro icon [http://www.artline.ro/1_587_Luchian__Stefan_4935.html "Ştefan Luchian" at Artline.ro]
*Tudor Arghezi, "Scrieri. Proze", Editura Minerva, Bucharest, 1985
*Vasile Drăguţ, Vasile Florea, Dan Grigorescu, Marin Mihalache, "Pictura românească în imagini", Editura Meridiane, Bucharest, 1970
*ro icon Adrian-Silvan Ionescu, [http://www.observatorcultural.ro/informatiiarticol.phtml?xid=11105&print=true "Artachino"] , in "Observator Cultural"; retrieved July 14, 2007

External links

* [http://arthistory.heindorffhus.dk/frame-Luchian.htm "Ştefan Luchian - Romania's First Modern Painter"]
* [http://corinah.tripod.com/stefan_luchian_biografie.htm "Ştefan Luchian: Biography"]
* [http://arthistory.heindorffhus.dk/frame-Luchian.htm "Art History on Stamps - Ştefan Luchian"]
* [http://art-zone.ro/picturi/sl/h/stefan_luchian.html Ştefan Luchian - paintings"]