- Murray's system of needs
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In 1938 Henry Murray published his system of needs in Explorations in Personality[1] in order to describe personality. He states that humans have all basic needs and that everyone has unique varying dispositional tendencies towards a level for each need. In other words, a specific need is more important to some than to others.Murray places each need on its own but also states that needs can be interrelated in some ways. Some behaviors meet several needs at once. An example of this is performing a difficult task for your fraternity. This meets the needs of achievement and affiliation.
List of psychological needs
This is a (partial) list of Murray's needs.
Domain Need for... Representative behavior Ambition Achievement Overcoming obstacles Recognition Describing accomplishments Exhibition Attempting to shock or thrill others Materialism Acquisition Obtaining things Order Making things neat and orderly Retention Hoarding things Construction Building something Defense of status Infavoidance Concealing a handicap or a failing Defendance Giving an explanation or excuse Counteraction Retaliating for something Human power Dominance Directing others' behavior Deference Cooperating with or obeying someone Autonomy Standing up to authority Contrariance Being oppositional Aggression Attacking or belittling others Abasement Apologizing or confessing Blame avoidance Stifling blameworthy impulses Affection between people Affiliation Spending time with others Rejection Snubbing others Nurturance Taking care of someone Succorance Being helped by another Play Seeking diversion through others Exchange of information Cognizance Asking questions of others Exposition Delivering information to others See also
References
- ^ Murray, H. A. (1938). Explorations in personality. New York: Oxford University Press
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