Museum of Grenoble

Musée de Grenoble
Established	1798
Location	5 place Lavalette 38000 Grenoble
Type	Art museum,
Visitor figures	187,715 [1] (2008)
Curator	Guy Tosatto
Public transit access	Tramway B (Notre-dame-Musée), and bus line 32
Website	official website

Coordinates: 45°11′40″N 5°43′57″E / 45.1945°N 5.7324°E / 45.1945; 5.7324 The Museum of Grenoble (French: Musée de Grenoble) is a city museum of Fine Arts and antiques in the city of Grenoble in France.

Located on the left bank of the Isère, place Lavalette, it is known both for its collections of ancient art for its collections of modern and contemporary art.^[2].

History

Louis-Joseph Jay

The Museum of Grenoble was founded February 16, 1798 by Louis-Joseph Jay, well before other French provincial museums. That day, an order of the local administration detailing the creation of a museum in Grenoble, in which article 10 stipulates that the citizen Louis-Joseph Jay was appointed curator of this museum. ^[3] In May, the Interior Minister canceled the creation of the museum but a provisional authorization is obtained in December, which became final April 3, 1800. Beginning in 1799, while engaged in collecting works of art of the Isère, Jay requested public subscription to purchase paintings and drawings.

Housed in four halls of the first floor of the former bishopric from its opening December 31, 1800, the museum has 298 works of art including 177 paintings, 80 drawings and 45 engravings or sculptures placed in the garden. Each room has a name, the first room of Apollo, is devoted to French painters, the second of Castor and Pollux, is devoted to Italian and French schools, the third exhibition of Gladiator, has copies of the life of San Bruno by Eustache Lesueur, and the last room of the Venus de Medici, this Flemish school. A few months after its opening, the Concordat of 1801 by Napoleon Bonaparte forced the evacuation of the premises of the museum to restore their original destination.

So that he landscape July 14, 1802 in the Central School^[4], the current Lycée Stendhal. On March 12, 1807, a decree transformed the museum into county, municipal museum.^[5]

In 1815, despite a slight dispersion of works favored by the restoration, (57 tables returned to owners, 11 lost and an unknown number being deposited in the churches) the collections continue to increase. The acquisitions, donations and legacies continue throughout the 19th century as to make necessary the construction of a new building despite the building expansion in 1844.

Former museum-library

A new building designed by architect Charles-Auguste Questel is inaugurated in 1872 on the current site of Verdun. The museum-library, so called because it also houses the municipal library of Grenoble, is one of the great examples of museum architecture in France and Europe.

Towards the end of the 19th century, a great patron, General Leon de Beylié donated four famous paintings by Francisco Zurbarán to the museum's collection, continuing a long tradition of donations and bequests. His influence is seen in the nature collections. From 1895 until his accidental death on July 15, 1910, the museum brought 50 tables, 13 drawings, 16 sculptures, 13 pieces of archeology and hundreds of objects from the Far East.^[6]

In 1920, the Museum of Grenoble is considered the first museum of contemporary art in France since the Paris opened in 1947. It is even one of the first in the world with the Museum Folkwang d Essen and the Łódź in Poland, since the Museum of Modern Art in New York opens in 1929.

Facade of the Museum of Grenoble

In 1982, President François Mitterrand announces a new building. The following year, Alain Carignon the new mayor and Jack Lang, Minister of Culture, agreed on the idea of the construction site, which used to be a downtown park. Construction began in 1990 after the appointment of architects in 1987.

On January 30, 1994, the new building housing the collections is inaugurated by Prime Minister Édouard Balladur. Located in the heart of the city, bordering the Isère, it triples the exhibition space of the old museum and its total cost is 203 millions francs.^[7] It will complete a sculpture garden in the Albert Michallon park, a wooded area of 16 000 m² around a wall of the city from the late 19th century.

Two Conservatives made history of the museum: Louis-Joseph Jay and Andry-Farcy. The former works and ensures the establishment of the museum from 1798 to 1815 ^[8] before leaving the estate to Benjamin Rolland. Painters Alexandre Debelle and Jules Bernard ensure the succession as preservatives. Then in the 20th century, Xavier Borgey and especially Andry-Farcy, curator from 1919 to 1949, which will focus decisively for the collection of modern art. Andry Farcy's successors were Jean Leymarie, Gabrielle Kueny, Maurice Besset, Marie-Claude Beaud, Pierre Gaudibert, Helene Vincent provides a temporary for 2 years Serge Lemoine and since 2002, Guy Tosatto.

History of the location of the new museum

The current location of the museum is occupied since the 13th century by the great monastery of the Brothers Minor, known in France, the Franciscans.^[9] Integrated into the city in the 13th century by an extension of the Roman wall, the place is the east end of town and will remain so until the 19th century, while requiring different generations of fortifications over the centuries.

Thus is built the Tower of the island in 1401, serving as a defense system that provided a means of relative autonomy of the consuls of the city at their first "home City ". In 1591, the future Duke of Lesdiguieres, just take the city through the wars of religion, and built a new fortified wall, turning the place into a small fortress also called Arsenal to protect itself from any rebellion of the inhabitants. Then, this area became the first barracks in the history of the city.^[10]

Wall in the museum

In the 19th century, the general Haxo enlarged the precincts of the city from 1832 to 1836 by building a new fortification wall just lean against the citadel. Historically instead of military occupation, the area is so busy during the 19th century by several barracks which Vinoy barracks at the site of the museum and the barracks Bizanet opposite.^{[citation needed]}

Around 1888, a change is made in the enclosure Haxo.^[11] At the urging of the mayor, Edouard Rey, and population The genius creates a new door, the door Saulaie to serve the new district of Île Verte. This requires creating the military technically correct the path of the enclosure Haxo building a new line of enclosure bracket joining the board of Isère at the site of a former Half Moon fortification. This new wall of 150 linear meters has been preserved since that time between now and the sculpture garden and football field. In 1967 the buildings of the barracks Vinoy were demolished, leaving room for a large parking.

Architecture building

Lobby of the museum

The present building of 18,270 sq.m.^[12] was designed by architects Olivier Félix-Faure, Félix-Antoine Faure and Philippe Macary of architect firm Grenoble Groupe6, assisted by museographer Lorenzo Piqueras.

On the site, the design constraints are strong. Imperatives are met in the immediate vicinity of the site. North-west part of pregnant Lesdiguieres dating from 1591 are recorded in historical monuments. Nearby, the Tour de l'Isle dating from 1401, also is registered to renovate. To the east, the amended portion of the enclosure built around 1888 should be retained, forcing the integration of part of it inside the building. Finally to the east, a football stadium is to be stored within the path of the enclosure for this area with high urban density.

Upstairs, the offices of conservation, those of the Friends of the museum, those of the association Museum in music that organizes music concerts in an auditorium of 275 seats in partnership with the Musée du Louvre and finally the library André Chastel provided a fund specializing in art history from 55,000 articles onsite consultation.

Collections

The museum offers a history of western 13th century by 21st century, with each period of the first works plan. Less known to the general public, as a parenthesis in the path, a collection of 115 statues and artefacts African ^[13] are in the alley between the 19th-20th century. The visitor has the opportunity to equip themselves with fee, an audio guide that allows him to find his rhythm collections. The texts are short and played live and recorded by actors. The permanent collections (1 500 works in 57 rooms of 14,000 m²) together:

Ancient Egyptian, Greek and Roman

Room 59. Sarcophagi Egyptology section

Two rooms located in the lobby, the -1 is devoted to Egyptian antiquities, with particularly beautiful sarcophagi. One room is devoted to Roman antiquities, and Greek antiquities. The city of Grenoble is linked to the story of Champollion and that of Egyptology. From the 18th century in fact, ancient Egyptian pieces from excavations include the ancient practice of the municipal library of Grenoble, which Jean-François Champollion is the assistant librarian. It is natural that the fund is reflected in the museum where it has ceased to be enriched by many gifts in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Most important have been made by the French Society of archaeological excavations in 1907 and 1913 following the excavation of Antinoe of Touna-el-Gebel and Kom el Ahmar, then in 1916 by the family of the Count Saint-Ferriol. In April 2010, the prophetess of Antinoe, a sixth-century mummy discovered in 1907 in a necropolis Coptic of Antinoe in Middle Egypt, returns to the Museum of Grenoble, after more than fifty years of absence.

The collection of ancient Egyptian regarded as the fifth of France, after that of the Louvre, the Museum of Archeology Mediterranean in Marseille, Lyon and Dijon includes furniture and funerary objects of everyday life. The entire tomb is impressive, especially the fragmentary, of Amenhotep son of Hapu, vizier of Amenhotep III.

13th to 16th century

Room 1, 13th century

The collection includes the origins of Western painting, then the collection soon reached the period of the Renaissance art.

• Santa Lucia assigned to Jacopo Torriti
• Triptych The Virgin and Child with St. Gerard, St. Paul, St. Andrew and St. Nicolas (1395) of Taddeo di Bartolo
• Christ meeting women and the son of Zebedee and Noli Me Tangere by Veronese
• The bronze statue of Hercules dating from the 16th century and taken by the sculptor Jacob Richier the 17th century, a copy is placed in the center of the Garden City in Grenoble.

17th century

Room 8, 17th century

This section is devoted to the prestigious French paintings, Flemish hollandaises Spanish and Italian. It may in particular include:

• Saint Jerome by Georges de La Tour
• The finest collection of paintings by Francisco Zurbarán in a French museum.
• Pope Gregory surrounded by saints by Rubens
• Six tables Philippe de Champaigne (second to the Louvre in collection size)
• Noli Me Tangere and for The appearance of Christ to pilgrims of Emmaus Laurent de La Hyre.
• Part of a map hospitality of David Teniers, scene of daily life in the 17th century.

18th century

Room 12, 18th century

The works of this century presents majestic paintings of the French school, as martyrdom of St Andrew painted in 1749 by Jean Restout for the Collégiale Saint-André in Grenoble.

• The point of the customs of Venice Canaletto
• The Doge of Venice worn by gondoliers by Francesco Guardi.
• Animals, flowers and fruitpainted in 1717 by François Desportes
• Snowy Landscape with rocks and Travelers painted around 1750 by Francesco Foschi

Room 17, 19th century

19th century

19th is illustrated by a remarkable set from neoclassicism until Nabis, with works by Ingres Delacroix Théodore Géricault, Camille Corot Gustave Courbet Gustave Doré, Felix Vallotton (Naked woman sitting in an armchair,1897), Frederic Bazille, Alfred Sisley Camille Pissarro Auguste Renoir, Paul Gauguin (The River and White Portrait Madeleine Bernard) Theo Van Rysselberghe and Henri Fantin-Latour whose wife will be an important legacy to the museum in 1921.

Essentially art museum, the Museum of Grenoble retains sculptures of the 19th century mostly, including that of Phryne from James Pradier. In room 17, is the plaster with a height of 2 meters Jean-François Champollion by the sculptor Bartholdi. This plaster has served as a model for the marble sculpture of the Collège de France in Paris.

Regional art of 19th century Dauphinoise school of the 19th century reached a level that justifies the prominence it held in the museum. The founder of this school, Jean Achard gives the first majestic landscapes that will excite the painters following. Laurent Guetal, Charles Bertier Ernest Hebert, the Abbe Cales.

20th century

A room of 20th century

The section of the 20th century is particularly rich because the museum is considered the oldest museum of contemporary art in France.^[14] The victories of modern art until the formal developments more recent.

Part of the collection from the important legacy Agutte ^[15] - Sembat.

All trends are present with paint charts Henri Matisse, Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque, and others.

Matisse donated his Inside eggplant, Pablo Picasso from his Woman Reading in 1921 and Claude Monet's corner of the pond at Giverny in 1923.

Drawings

Located in the Tour de l'Isle, converted into graphic arts firm, the old collection account 5,500 drawings ^[16] mainly from donations and bequests of Léonce Mesnard to ((s | XIX | e)). He will devote part of his life to his writings and collections.

Nathalie, sister of Fantin-Latour

At his death in May 1890, the mayor of Grenoble, Auguste Gaché, will praise his generosity as 3,207 parts are bequeathed to the museum ^[17].

The Italian drawings predominate, including the Venetians, the Florentines of the Renaissance and the Seicento.

The funds of the French 17th century this is through people like Laurent de La Hyre or Vouet. The 18th century includes famous artists such as Watteau Hubert Robert or Jacques-Louis David. School Hollandaise required by its significance with particular Jacob Jordaens and Rembrandt.

The ((-s | XIX | e)) is characterized by a series of important artists like Delacroix Fantin-Latour or Jongkind ^[18] with his watercolors of Dauphine. The collection   is second in terms of importance to French museum after that of the Musée National d'Art Moderne. As for painting, it owes much to the policy Andry Farcy. In 1923, the legacy Agutte Sembat-24 is back with the drawings in charcoal sketch of the dance Matisse 1909.

Some works exhibited

• 

  Paul Veronese, Noli me tangere

• 

  Georges de La Tour, Saint Jérôme

• 

  Francisco de Zurbarán, L'Annonciation

• 

  Francisco de Zurbarán, L'Adoration des bergers

• 

  Francisco de Zurbarán, L'Adoration des mages

• 

  Matthias Stom, Le Repas d'Emmaüs

• 

  Philippe de Champaigne, Jean Duvergier de Hauranne

• 

  Henri Fantin-Latour, Autoportrait (1859)

• 

  Paul Gauguin, Portrait de Madeleine Bernard

• 

  Amedeo Modigliani, Portrait de femme au col blanc (1917)

The sculpture garden

Teen standing (1934)

Duna (1992)

A sculpture garden, a concept born at ((s | XVII | e )) is installed around the perimeter east / north-west of the museum in Albert Park Michallon. Covering 16,000 m² in 1964 is a first design gives this location a former Half Moon fortification, a garden status. Overall the park is a square shape and embracing the path of the massive fortification wall of the end of ((s-| XIX | e)) that ends inside the museum. It is in this park that is the oldest tree in the city, Lebanon Cedar, planted in 1847 ^[19]

It offers the unique opportunity in the heart of town to exhibit sculptures outdoors. The park surface Michallon does not allow to extend indefinitely the presentation of sculptures in 1988, the choice of management is focused on the period of the 20th century, consistent with the extensive collection of contemporary art museum.

Before the museum, partly framed by the walls of the end of ((s | XVI | e)) built by the Duke of Lesdiguieres, is added to the park, the esplanade François Mitterrand, which are implanted in steel works and a bronze statue.

From the forecourt of the museum, the visit starts with the Esplanade François Mitterrand:

• Alexander Calder - ringmaster, height 9 feet, painted steel 1993
• Mark di Suvero - Polar Star, painted steel 1972
• Marcel Gimond - Girl standing, bronze 1934 (front wall of the 16th century)

and continues round the museum along the Isère to enter the park Albert Michallon.

A few works of sculpture garden

• 

  George Rickey, Conversation (1991)(mobile)

• 

  Eduardo Chillida,Shaft (1989)

Temporary exhibitions

In addition to space devoted to the presentation of collections Permane halls on an area of 1000 square meters are reserved for temporary exhibitions.

Basin water in museum

Each year, two major exhibitions are organized to help make the museum an important center of French artistic life. On leaving these rooms, a pool of water encourages visitors to take a break.

• 1995: Rebecca Horn
• 1998: The feeling of the mountain
• 2000: Eustache Lesueur
• 2005: Jean Achard, Laurent Guetal, Charles Bertier: three masters of the Dauphinois landscape in 19th century
• 2006: Braque, Klee, Leger
• 2007: Impressionism in France and America
• 2008: Collection of African art, heritage revealed.
• 2008: Wolfgang Laib Withoutplace, Without Time, Without Body
• 2009: Henriette Deloras, Marc Pessin
• 2009: Patrick Faigenbaum, Gerhard Richter, Alex Katz, Gregory Forstner, Duncan Wylie, Gaston Chaissac
• 2010:
  • 6 March to 30 May 2010:In flesh and spirit - Italian drawings of ( (sp-| XV | e | at | XVIII|e))
  • March 6 to May 30, 2010: Read Impressionism, six tables six masters
  • July 3, 2010 to January 9, 2011: ' 'The General Beylié, collector and patron
  • October 30, 2010 to January 23, 2011: Stephan Balkenhol
• 2011:
  • 5 March to 13 June : Chagall et l'avant garde russe

International trade

The Museum of Grenoble is part of the frame (French Regional & American Museum Exchange), one of whose missions is to promote the circulation and exchange of art between French and American museums.

References

1. ^ Review attendance of the 70 major sites and museums in the Isère.
2. ^ According the website and Frame museums.
3. ^ According to the book by Joseph Roman History and description of library-museum of Grenoble.
4. ^ Old College Jesuits, which takes the status of Central School in 1796, then the high school in 1803.
5. ^ According to the book of Lucile Duc, Musée de Grenoble, un itinéraire de passion.
6. ^ According to the book Painting and sculpture of nineteenth century, edited by Catherine Chevillot.
7. ^ 31 millions euros.
8. ^ Louis-Joseph Jay is dismissed for reasons policy in 1815, and the position of curator is assured by the acting librarian until the appointment of Benjamin Rolland in 1817.
9. ^ According to the website Patrimoine en Isère
10. ^ According Hystory of Caserne de Bonne
11. ^ According to the book by Maurice Mercier,History of fortifications in Grenoble, Imprimerie Guirimand, Grenoble, 1976, p. 268 and 270, written consent of the Minister March 17, 1888 for this work, and on page 267, Boiton plan of the city of Grenoble in 1890, on which this change is not taken into account.
12. ^ According to the magazine N°48 bis of the French magazine "Connaissance des Arts 'in 1994, (ISBN 1242-9198).
13. ^ Items listed in the book Laurick Zerbini,Collection of African Art Museum of Grenoble.
14. ^ According Serge Lemoine in his book The Museum of Grenoble (see bibliography) and in the magazine Connaissance des Arts, Occasional Paper No. 48a in 1994.
15. ^ The catalog raisonné of the work of Georgette Agutte is currently in preparation.
16. ^ According to the website of the Ministry of Culture
17. ^ According to the book Painting and Sculpture in XIXth century by Catherine Chevillot.
18. ^ The town gives its name to the wharf along the museum and sculpture garden.
19. ^ A 30-page document produced by the Parks Department of the Grenoble and written by Agathe Berthier.

External links

• (French) official website
• (English) Museum of Grenoble FRAME museums.org
• (French) Catalogue des collections des musées de France, Joconde - culture.gouv.fr
• (French) Museum in Music
• (French) Friends of the Museum of Grenoble

Media related to Category:Musée des Beaux-Arts de Grenoble at Wikimedia Commons

Bibliography

• Joseph Roman,History and description of library-museumof Grenoble, Editor Library Plon, Nourishes and Co. (1890 ?), Paris
• Gabrielle Kueny,Grenoble, Museum of Fine Arts, Egyptian collection, edition of the meeting of National Museums, Paris, 1979 (ISBN 2-7118-0050-4)
• Fondation de l'Hermitage, Masterpiece of the Museum of Grenoble, Library Arts, Lausanne, 1992 (ISBN 2-85047-204-2)
• Serge Lemoine,Museum of Grenoble Editions museums and monuments in France, Paris, 1988 (ISBN 2-907333-02-X)
• Lucile Duc, Musée de Grenoble, un itinéraire de passion, Éditions Artes-Publialp, 1994, Grenoble
• Catherine Chevillot,Painting and sculpture of XIX((e)) century, meeting national museums Paris, 1995 (ISBN 2-7118-2964-2))
• Serge Lemoine, A collection of Image 200th Anniversary, Museum of Grenoble, 1999 (ISBN | 2-7118-3795-5 )
• Jean Yves Aupetitallot and Jean Guibal, A museum without walls, Edip, Dijon, 1999 (ISBN | 2-906732-64-8)
• Gilles Chomer,French Paintings before 1815 - the collection of museum of Grenoble, Réunion des Musées Nationaux, Paris, 2000 (ISBN 2-7118-2950-2)
• Guy Tosatto,The museum's collections of Grenoble, Artly Publishing, 2004
• Laurick Zerbini, Collection of African Art Museum Grenoble, Grenoble Museum, 2008 (ISBN 978-88-7439-440-1)
• Eric Pagliano with Catherine Monbeig-Goguel and Philippe Costamagna,Flesh and spirit. Italian Drawings from the Museum of Grenoble, Editions Somogy, 2010 (ISBN 978-2-7572-0305-7)